TWI503278B - 供載體應用之新穎沈澱矽石 - Google Patents
供載體應用之新穎沈澱矽石 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI503278B TWI503278B TW098125548A TW98125548A TWI503278B TW I503278 B TWI503278 B TW I503278B TW 098125548 A TW098125548 A TW 098125548A TW 98125548 A TW98125548 A TW 98125548A TW I503278 B TWI503278 B TW I503278B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- precipitated vermiculite
- vermiculite
- precipitated
- dryer
- drying
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
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Description
本發明係關於作為載體材料之新穎沉澱矽石,及其製法和用途。
在許多用途領域中,例如,在用於作物保護的產品領域中,在活性藥用成份的情況中,在製造動物飼料和動物飼料添加劑或在食品工業的情況中,可以使用載體材料以,例如,將液體或樹脂活性成份轉變成自由流動和儲存安定形式。欲製造固態調合物,液體或可熔物質在一些情況中與輔助劑(例如,界面活性劑和崩解劑)一起施用至載體材料。在固態物質的情況中,載體材料主要作為填料,另一方面它們在液體或低熔點物質的情況中吸收液體。此應提供易管理、表面乾燥的吸收物,其可以直接以粉末(WP,可潤濕粉末)或進一步加工形式的顆粒或擠出物形式(WG,水可分散的顆粒)售於市面上。
對於載體材料的重要要求係夠高的吸收率,以使得載體材料的需要量儘量低。藉慣用方法,可以製造至多65%吸收物(以液體密度為1.00克/毫升計)具有足夠的流動性。
載體材料載以高量活性成份以外的其他要求在於吸收物在運送、轉移和製造吸收物時具有良好的流動性和形成儘量少量的塵粒。欲改良此流動性,因此提出,例如在EP 0984772 B1和EP 0966207 B1中,使用約球狀且平均粒子尺寸超過150微米的微粒型沉澱矽石作為載體材料。以此方式得到的吸收物確實具有改良的流動性。但是,由於在製造吸收物的期間內,特別是具高液體載量時,混合機和輸送系統中常看到這些沉澱矽石的塊狀材料,且產量和產物品質降低且在一些情況中,必須以花費高且不便的方式移除,所以加工性質非最適。
因此對於具有良好加工性及使得製得的吸收物具有高載量和高流動性之不昂貴的載體材料仍有高需求存在。
因此,本發明的目的係提供新穎沉澱矽石,其不具有或僅具有減低程度之先前技藝沉澱矽石的至少一些缺點,且其得以製造具改良效能性質的新穎吸收物。此外,並將提出製備沉澱矽石和製造吸收物之方法。
特定目的係提供沉澱矽石,其得以製造具有極佳流動性和良好加工性的吸收物。
藉申請專利範圍、發明說明和實例詳細定義的沉澱矽石、吸收物和製法達到此目的和未明述的其他目的。
已發現,令人驚訝地,使用球狀且平均粒子尺寸的載體材料不足以製造吸收物。本發明者藉詳細研究發現,造成在混合機中結塊的一個原因係因為在製造吸收物的期間內,在載體矽石上的機械應力形成細粒部分。另發現較硬的沉澱矽石比較不會結塊。可藉由本發明之沉澱矽石的特定製法使得矽石粒子的硬度提高至它們在製造吸收物的期間內,明顯較佳地耐得住機械應力的程度且並因此而能明顯降低吸收物製造期間內的塵粒形成,並同時確保此較硬的沉澱矽石具有夠高的吸收率。因此,本發明之沉澱矽石之特徵在於高孔隙度(以DBP數表示)和較佳之安定化的孔隙壁。換言之,機械安定性提高且同時得到高吸收力。
本發明之矽石的較高機械安定性減少混合單元中的細粒部分。因此具有在混合單元中之結塊較少的優點。
一較佳實施體系中,本發明之矽石具有約中性pH,使得它們可以非常廣泛地作為載體且不會對吸收的液體之儲存安定性造成不利影響。
此外,相較於商業上使用的載體矽石(例如得自Rhodia Chimie的Tixosil 38X或Hubersil 5170),本發明之矽石在硬度(即,機械安定性)與吸收率之間具有最適關係。
因此,本發明提供一種沉澱矽石,其
-DBP吸收度(無水)為210至270克/100克,
-暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d50
係220至400微米,
-暴於超音波1分鐘之後,小於200微米的粒子比例低於35體積%。
本發明另提出一種製備本發明之沉澱矽石之方法,其包含下列步驟
a) 提供未暴於超音波之平均粒子尺寸d50
為230至600微米且濕份含量為2至70重量%的沉澱矽石
b) 使來自步驟a)的沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性物質或至少一種鹼性物質的至少一溶液接觸1分鐘至72小時
c) 將步驟b)得到的沉澱矽石乾燥。
本發明進一步提供本發明之矽石作為載體物質之用途。
本發明最後提供吸收物,其包含至少一種本發明之矽石。
下文詳細描述本發明之標的。本發明之前後文中,同義地使用名詞“沉澱矽石”和“矽石”。
本發明之沉澱矽石之特徵在於
-DBP吸收度(無水)為210至270克/100克,
-暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d50
係220至400微米,
-暴於超音波1分鐘之後,小於200微米的粒子比例低於35體積%。
夠高的DBP吸收度確保本發明之沉澱矽石可載以足量的待吸收物質,並因此而得以達到目的之一,特定言之,能夠以最低量的載體材料製造具有最高載量的吸收物。DBP過高時,即,沉澱矽石過於多孔時,不再能確保機械安定性且造成在製造吸收物的期間內,細粒之形成提高。因此,本發明之沉澱矽石的DBP吸收度(無水)以220至265克/100克為佳且225至260克/100克更佳。
本發明之沉澱矽石的另一顯著性質為其硬度。藉超音波在沉澱矽石上作用1分鐘,模擬在吸收物製造期間內,混合單元在沉澱矽石上的作用所造成的機械應力。本發明之沉澱矽石之特點在於特別高的硬度,其使得在25瓦特的超音波1分鐘之後的平均粒子尺寸d50
在220至400微米範圍內,以240至380微米為佳,260至360微米更佳且270至350微米更佳。此粒子尺寸在確保本發明之沉澱矽石製造的吸收物之足夠的流動性方面具有重要性。當確保本發明之沉澱矽石具有非常實質上的球形時,可增進此效果。因此,在較佳實施體系中,本發明之沉澱矽石具有大約球形,其中大約球形對應於基本上經過噴嘴塔乾燥操作之後的沉澱矽石形狀。具大約球形的沉澱矽石的例子可見於DE 198 07 700 A1,圖式1和3至5,或US 6,013,234,圖式1。
除了超音波或機械應力之後的平均粒子尺寸以外,本發明之沉澱矽石的硬度為使得小粒子(即,暴於超音波1分鐘之後之粒子尺寸低於200微米的粒子)的比例以低於35體積%為佳,低於32體積%更佳,1至30體積%又更佳,1至28體積%特別佳,1至25體積%又特佳。此達到在製造吸收物的期間內,在混合機中形成結塊非常實質上至完全避免的效果,即使經過機械應力之後亦然。此外,此確保在運送或在製造吸收物之後,沉澱矽石的塵粒形成明顯降低。
本發明的另一較佳實施體系中,本發明之沉澱矽石的pH在5.5至9.5的範圍內,以5.5至9為佳,5.5至8.5更佳,6至8最佳。由於過強的酸性或過強的鹼性載體材料會引發或促進分解作用或待吸收的液體之其他類型的化學轉變,所以此沉澱矽石之非常實質上中性pH確保與待吸收的液體相關之寬應用範圍。
本發明之沉澱矽石之製法可包含下列步驟:
a) 提供未暴於超音波之平均粒子尺寸d50
為230至600微米且濕份含量為2至70重量%的沉澱矽石;
b) 使來自步驟a)的沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性物質或至少一種鹼性物質的至少一溶液接觸1分鐘至72小時,以於溫度為10至150℃下接觸為佳;
c) 將該經鹼處理的沉澱矽石乾燥。
根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石之平均粒子尺寸d50
為230至600微米,以250至500微米為佳,250至400微米更佳且270至380微米最佳。此確保方法終了時所得的沉澱矽石具有最適平均粒子尺寸。
此外,根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石之濕份含量必須為2至70重量%。未限於特別的理論,申請人認為所用的沉澱矽石的高濕份含量確保步驟b)中使用的鹼可夠深地穿透進入沉澱矽石的孔隙並因此可達到足夠的硬化。反之,過低的濕份含量導致硬化不足。因此,在根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中初步引入的沉澱矽石具有濕份含量為2至70重量%。
由於沉澱矽石的硬度基本上僅在根據本發明之方法的步驟b)中改變,所以初時在根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中引入的沉澱矽石具有的DBP吸收度(無水)為210至350克/100克,以220至300克/100克為佳,230至280克/100克更佳,230至270克/100克又更佳且特別是240至260克/100克。
根據本發明之方法的步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石以事先經過至少一個乾燥步驟為佳,但視情況而定地經過多個乾燥步驟。基本上,此處可以使用任何已知的乾燥方法,例如,藉流式乾燥機(flow dryer)、噴霧乾燥機、分段乾燥機(staged dryer)、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機、急速乾燥機、旋轉急速乾燥機或噴嘴乾燥機乾燥。這些乾燥方式變體包括以霧化器、一或二物質噴嘴或整體流化床操作。較佳方法中,在至少一個乾燥步驟中進行噴嘴乾燥操作。此可達到步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石已具有球形的效果。
根據本發明之方法的步驟b)中,來自步驟a)的沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性物質或至少一種鹼性物質的至少一溶液接觸1分鐘至72小時,以於溫度為10至150℃接觸為佳。未限於特別的理論,申請人認為以至少一種鹼處理造成沉澱矽石部分溶解和形成新的內部孔壁,此形成更安定的壁。取決於所用的鹼和所用沉澱矽石的孔隙結構,接觸時間可為1分鐘至72小時,以1分鐘至48小時為佳,1分鐘至24小時更佳,1分鐘至16小時又更佳,低於6小時特別佳。沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性介質接觸的溫度(根據反應器,在矽石床中或反應層測定)以10℃至150℃為佳,10℃至120℃較佳,10℃至100℃更佳,10℃至80℃特別佳,10℃至60℃又特佳。
沉澱矽石可與鹼性介質在大氣壓、減低的大氣壓或在0.2至10巴的提高壓力下接觸。
較佳變體中,硬化的沉澱矽石在步驟c)的乾燥過程中藉熱氣體或在減低壓力下中和,或在另一較佳變體中,在步驟c)之前或之後藉由與酸化劑接觸而中和。
在步驟c)中之乾燥可藉所有已知之保留粒子的乾燥法(例如藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機)進行。這些乾燥方式變體包括以霧化器、一或二物質噴嘴或整體流化床操作。
此外,使用氣態鹼的情況中,步驟c)中之乾燥可以同時藉熱乾燥空氣和/或熱乾燥氣體驅離氣態鹼的方式進行。
較佳地,可以使用矽烷、矽氧烷、聚矽氧烷或蠟進行本發明之沉澱矽石的疏水化處理。
根據本發明之方法的第一個較佳變體中,步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石之水含量為2至70重量%,以2至50重量%為佳,5至25重量%更佳,10至20重量%較佳。可藉由乾燥沉澱物懸浮液以直接得到具有所須濕份含量的沉澱矽石,或者藉由具有較低濕份的沉澱矽石與水接觸,以建立所欲濕份含量,達到沉澱矽石的濕份含量。此接觸可藉嫻於此技藝者已知的所有方法實行。
此方法變體中,另較佳地,在步驟b)中,使用於23℃和大氣壓下為氣體且選自氣態烷基胺和氨的鹼。此情況中,沉澱矽石與氣態鹼接觸,使得沉澱矽石在與該氣態鹼接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍內,以8至11為佳,8.5至11更佳且9至11最佳。此接觸可藉由使得氣態鹼在適當反應器(例如,旋轉管爐)中通過沉澱矽石,或藉由將氣體和沉澱矽石引至壓熱器中而進行。
此實施體系中,接觸時間是1分鐘至72小時,以1分鐘至48小時為佳,1分鐘至24小時更佳,1分鐘至16小時又更佳,低於6小時特別佳。沉澱矽石與至少一種氣態鹼接觸的溫度為10℃至150℃,以10℃至120℃為佳,10℃至100℃更佳,10℃至80℃又更佳,10℃至60℃特別佳。
此沉澱矽石可以與氣態鹼在大氣壓或在0.2至10巴的提高壓力下接觸。
此實施體系中使用的氣態鹼具有的優點在於,在硬化終了之後,可輕易地自沉澱矽石再度移除鹼。因此,此實施體系中,較佳地,步驟c)中之乾燥以藉至少一種選自空氣、蒸汽、惰性氣體或前述氣體和/或蒸氣之混合物的氣體驅離水和鹼地進行。藉蒸汽或空氣進行乾燥為佳,藉空氣進行更佳。亦可能使用不須使用氣體的真空乾燥機。用以驅離水和鹼的氣體所具有的溫度以高於或等於20℃為佳,20至700℃較佳,40℃至500℃更佳,60℃至350℃特別佳,80℃至250℃極特別佳。
為了要能夠完全驅離鹼並因此而在步驟c)期間內達到pH 5.5-8.0,此實施體系中必須在步驟c)中使得沉澱矽石乾燥至濕份含量低於3重量%。但是,由於載體矽石基本上具有濕份含量為5至7重量%,所以可據此藉由在驅離鹼之後添加水地調整濕份含量。
在步驟c)中藉熱氣體或在減低壓力下進行之水和鹼之驅離可藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機、流化床乾燥機、乾燥箱進行,或在真空乾燥機中進行。
在步驟c)中乾燥的期間內,欲降低矽石的pH,或者欲藉熱氣驅離鹼,可在步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c)之後添加至少一種酸化劑,直到矽石的pH為5.5至8.0。然後,中和的矽石可直接乾燥,或在乾燥之前進行一或多個清洗步驟。
所用酸化劑可為稀釋或濃縮的無機酸(例如HCl、HNO3
、H3
PO4
)、有機酸(例如醋酸、甲酸或CO2
),其為氣態形式或在溶液中。
在步驟c)之後進行酸化處理時,可能須要進一步的乾燥步驟。此情況中,可類似地進行所有已知的乾燥法,例如,藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機、乾燥箱、流化床乾燥機或藉熱氣乾燥。
根據本發明之方法的第二較佳實施體系中,步驟a)中的沉澱矽石之水含量至多70重量%,以2至70重量%為佳。沉澱矽石的濕份含量可藉由乾燥沉澱物懸浮液以直接得到具有所須濕份含量的沉澱矽石,或藉由使具有較低濕份含量的沉澱矽石與水或鹼溶液接觸以建立所欲濕份含量的方式而達成。此接觸可藉嫻於此技藝者已知的所有方法進行。
此方法變體中,另較佳地,步驟b)中使用的鹼係包含至少一種鹼的溶液(下文中稱為鹼溶液)或是固體鹼,且該鹼選自鹼金屬氫氧化物、鹼土金屬氫氧化物、鹼金屬氧化物、鹼土金屬氧化物、氨、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、水玻璃和胺。該鹼溶液係藉適當溶劑製備。適當溶劑是,例如,水、具有1至10個碳原子的支鏈或直鏈、單羥基或多羥基醇。
此實施體系中,沉澱矽石與鹼或鹼溶液接觸,使得沉澱矽石與鹼和/或鹼溶液接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍內,以8至11為佳,8.5至11更佳,9至11最佳。此接觸可藉由將鹼溶液噴在沉澱矽石上,藉由將鹼溶液逐滴加至沉澱矽石,或藉由將沉澱矽石攪入或混入鹼溶液中,或藉由製造沉澱矽石在鹼溶液中之懸浮液或分散液而達成。
此實施體系中,接觸時間是1分鐘至72小時,以1分鐘至48小時為佳,1分鐘至24小時較佳,1分鐘至16小時更佳,低於6小時特別佳。沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼接觸的溫度(根據反應器,在矽石床或反應層中測定)以10℃至150℃為佳,10℃至120℃較佳,10℃至100℃更佳,10℃至80℃又更佳,10℃至60℃特別佳。
沉澱矽石可與氣態鹼在大氣壓或在0.2至10巴的提高壓力下接觸。
此實施體系中使用的鹼溶液可以比第一個較佳實施體系中的氣態鹼更簡便的方式處理並因此而具有設備複雜度較低的優點。
此實施體系中,步驟c)中的乾燥可藉所有已知保留粒子的乾燥方法進行,例如,藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機或真空乾燥機。這些乾燥方式變體包括以霧化器、一或二物質噴嘴或整體流化床操作。
此情況中,欲得到pH5.5至8之硬化的沉澱矽石,在步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c)之後,沉澱矽石的pH藉與酸化劑接觸而調整至pH5.5至8.0。然後,中和的矽石可直接乾燥,或在乾燥之前進行一或多個清洗步驟。
所用酸化劑可為稀釋或濃縮的無機酸(例如HCl、HNO3
、H3
PO4
)、有機酸(例如醋酸、甲酸或CO2
),其為氣態形式或在溶液中。
在步驟c)之後進行酸化處理時,可能須要進一步的乾燥步驟。此額外的乾燥可藉所有已知保留粒子的乾燥方法進行,例如,藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機或迴轉管乾燥機。這些乾燥方式變體包括以霧化器、一或二物質噴嘴或整體流化床操作。
本發明之沉澱矽石可用以製造吸收物,被吸收的物質較佳為硬化劑或引發劑、交聯劑、觸媒、藥用活性成份和輔助劑、化粧用活性成份和輔助劑、清潔和/或保養劑、香料、芳香物和香氣、動物飼料或動物飼料添加劑(例如胺基酸、維生素、礦物質)、食品或食品添加劑、染料和/或顏料、胺基酸、氧化或漂白劑、具殺菌劑(特別是殺真菌或殺菌作用)之添加劑、用於農業和林業的化學品和/或混凝土添加劑。吸收在載體上的材料可為液體、油、樹脂、溶液、分散液、懸浮液或熔融物。
在動物飼料和動物飼料添加劑領域中的吸收物包括,例如維生素、礦物質、胺基酸和芳香物。更佳地,這些是甲酸、丙酸、乳酸、磷酸、氯化膽鹼溶液、維生素E乙酸酯和植物萃出物(如萬壽菊萃出物)。
在農業和林業領域中的吸收物包括,例如,吸收的肥料(例如含硝酸鹽-和/或磷酸鹽的肥料)、作物保護組成物、農藥(例如除草劑、殺真菌劑、殺蟲劑)。
化粧產品領域中的吸收物包括,例如,油(如精油、香水油、保養油、香精油和矽酮油)、活性抗菌劑、抗病毒或殺真菌成份;消毒劑和抗微生物物質;消臭劑;抗氧化劑;生物活性物質和生物源(biogenic)活性成份;維生素和維生素複合物;酵素和酵素系統,如,澱粉酶、纖維素酶、脂酶和蛋白酶;化粧活性物質,如化粧品和個人衛生產品的成份;清洗-和清潔-活性物質,如所有類型的界面活性劑、清洗-和/或清潔-活性無機和有機酸、防污和去污活性成份、氧化劑和漂白劑、漂白活性劑、補助劑和輔補助劑、抗再沉澱添加劑、灰色化和褪色抑制劑、用於色彩保護的活性物質、用於清洗保養的物質和添加劑、亮光劑、發泡抑制劑、pH改性劑和pH緩衝物質。
食品和食品添加劑領域中的吸收物包括,例如,吸收的芳香物、食品補充劑、維生素、礦物質、胺基酸。
來自活性藥用成份的吸收物包括所有種類的活性藥用成份,例如,α-蛋白酶抑制劑、、阿巴卡韋(abacavir)、阿昔單抗(abciximab)、阿卡波糖(acarbose)、乙醯基水楊酸、阿昔洛韋(acyclovir)、腺苷(adenosine)、沙丁胺醇(albuterol)、(aldesleukin)、阿崙膦酸鈉(alendronate)、阿夫唑嗪(alfuzosin)、阿洛司瓊(alosetron)、阿普唑崙(alprazolam)、鏈激酶(alteplase)、沐舒坦(ambroxol)、氨磷汀(amifostine)、胺碘酮(amiodarone)、阿米舒必利(amisulpride)、氨氯地平(amlodipine)、阿莫西林(amoxycillin)、安非他明(amphetamine)、兩性黴素(amphotericin)、氨苄青黴素(ampicillin)、那韋(amprenavir)、阿那格雷(anagrelide)、阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、降纖酶(ancrod)、antihaemophilic因子(antihaemophilic factor)、抑肽酶(aprotinin)、阿替洛爾(atenolol)、阿伐他汀(atorvastatin)、阿托品(atropine)、氮卓斯汀(azelastine)、阿奇黴素(azithromycin)、薁(azulene)、巴尼地平(barnidipine)、丙酸倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、苯那普利(benazepril)、苄絲(benserazide)、貝前列素(beraprost)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、倍他洛爾(betaxolol)、苯扎貝特(bezafibrate)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、沒藥醇(bisabolol)、比索洛爾(bisoprolol)、肉毒桿菌毒素(botulin toxin)、溴莫尼定(brimonidine)、西泮(bromazepam)、溴隱亭(bromocriptine)、布地奈德(budesonide)、布比卡因(bupivacaine)、安非他酮(bupropion)、丁螺環酮(buspirone)、骨化三醇(butorphanol)、布托啡諾(cabergoline)、卡泊三醇(calcipotriene)、降鈣素(calcitonin)、骨化三醇(calcitriol)、樟腦(camphor)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、西來替昔(cilexetil)、卡托普利(captopril)、卡馬西平(carbamazepine)、卡比多巴(carbidopa)、卡鉑(carboplatin)、卡維地洛(carvedilol)、頭孢克洛(cefaclor)、頭孢羥氨苄(cefadroxil)、頭孢西丁(cefaxitin)、頭孢唑啉(cefazolin)、頭孢地尼(cefdinir)、頭孢吡肟(cefepime)、頭孢克肟(cefixime)、頭孢美唑(cefmetazole)、頭孢哌酮(cefoperazone)、頭孢替安(cefotiam)、頭孢唑普(cefoxopran)、頭孢泊肟(cefpodoxime)、頭孢丙烯(cefprozil)、頭孢他啶(ceftazidime)、頭孢布烯(ceftibuten)、頭孢三嗪(ceftriaxone)、頭孢呋辛(cefuroxime)、塞來昔布(celecoxib)、塞利洛爾(celiprolol)、頭孢氨苄(cephalexin)、立伐他汀(cerivastatin)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、氯黴素(chloramphenicol)、西司他丁(cilastatin)、西拉普利(cilazapril)、西咪替丁(cimetidine)、環丙貝特(ciprofibrate)、環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、西沙必利(cisapride)、順鉑(cisplatin)、西普蘭(citalopram)、克拉黴素(clarithromycin)、克拉維酸(clavulanic acid)、克林黴素(clindamycin)、米帕明(clomipramine)、氯硝西泮(clonazepam)、氯壓定(clonidine)、氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)、克黴唑(clotrimazole)、氯氮平(clozapine)、色甘酸鈉(cromolyn)、環磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、環孢素(cyclosporin)、醋酸環丙氯地孕酮(cyproterone)、達肝素鈉(dalteparin)、去鐵胺(deferoxamine)、去氧孕烯(desogestrel)、右旋安非他命(dextroamphetamine)、地西泮(diazepam)、雙氯芬酸(diclofenac)、去羥肌苷(didanosine)、洋地黃毒苷(digitoxin)、地高辛(digoxin)、雙氫麥角胺(dihydroergotamine)、地爾(diltiazem)、白喉蛋白(diphtheria protein)、白喉類毒素(diphtheria toxoid)、帝帕克(divalproex)、多巴酚丁胺(dobutamine)、多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)、多拉司瓊(dolasetron)、多奈哌齊(donepezil)、阿夫唑嗪-α(dornase-α)、多佐胺(dorzolamide)、多沙唑嗪(doxazosin)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、阿黴素(doxorubicin)、去氫孕酮(dydrogesterone)、依卡倍特(ecabet)、依非韋倫(efavirenz)、依那普利(enalapril)、依諾肝素(enoxaparin)、乙哌立松(eperisone)、依匹斯汀(epinastine)、表阿黴素(epirubicin)、埃替非巴肽(eptifibatide)、促紅細胞生成素-α(erythropoietin-α)、促紅細胞生成素-β(erythropoietin-β)、依那西普(etanercept)、美雌醇(ethynyloestradiol)、依托度(etodolac)、足葉乙甙(etoposide)、因子VIII(factor VIII)、泛昔洛韋(famciclovir)、法莫替丁(famotidine)、法羅培南(faropenem)、非洛地平(felodipine)、非諾貝特(fenofibrate)、非諾多泮(fenoldopam)、芬太尼(fentanyl)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、惠爾血(filgrastim)、非那雄胺(finasteride)、氟氧頭孢(flomoxef)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、氟尼縮松(flunisolide)、氟硝西泮(flunitrazepam)、氟伏沙明氟西汀(fluoxetine)、氟他胺(flutamide)、氟替卡松(fluticasone)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、(fluvoxamine)、促濾泡素-α(follitropin-α)、促濾泡素-β(follitropin-β)、福莫特羅(formoterol)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、速尿(furosemide)、加巴噴丁(gabapentin)、釓雙胺(gadodiamide)、更昔洛韋(ganciclovir)、加替沙星(gatifloxacin)、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)、孕二烯酮(gestodene)、格拉默(glatiramer)、優降糖(glibenclamide)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、格列本脲(glyburide)、戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、格拉司瓊(granisetron)、灰黃黴素(griseofulvin)、B型肝炎抗原(hepatitis B antigen)、透明質酸(hyaluronic acid)、二氫可待因(hycosin)、氫氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)、二氫可待因酮(hydrocodone)、氫化可的松(hydrocortisone)、氫嗎啡(hydromorphone)、羥氯喹(hydroxychloroquine)、海蘭G-F 20(hylan G-F 20)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、咪達普利(imidapril)、伊米苷酶(imiglucerase)、亞胺培南(imipenem)、免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin)、茚地那韋(indinavir)、消炎痛(indomethacin)、單克隆抗體(infliximab)、胰島素(insulin)、人體胰島素(insulin human)、胰島素類似物(insulin lispro)、諾和瑞筆型胰島素(insulin aspart)、干擾素-β(interferon-β)、干擾素-α(interferon-α)、碘-125(iodine-125)、碘克沙醇(iodixanol)、碘海醇(iohexol)、碘美普爾(iomeprol)、碘普羅胺(iopromide)、碘佛醇(ioversol)、碘普西(ioxoprolene)、異丙托(ipratropium)、依普黃酮(ipriflavone)、厄貝沙坦(irbesartan)、依立替康(irinotecan)、異山梨酯(isosorbide)、異維A酸(isotretinoin)、伊拉地平(isradipine)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、二鉀氯氮卓(potassium chlorazepate)、氯化鉀(potassium chloride)、酮咯酸(ketorolac)、酮替芬(ketotifen)、百日咳疫苗(whooping cough vaccine)、凝血因子IX(clotting factor IX)、拉米夫定(lamivudine)、拉莫三嗪(lamotrigine)、蘭索拉唑(lansoprazole)、拉坦前列素(latanoprost)、來氟米特(leflunomide)、雷諾格拉斯蒂(lenograstim)、來曲唑(letrozole)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)、左旋多巴(levodopa)、左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)、左炔諾孕酮(levonorgestrel)、甲狀腺素(levothyroxine)、利多卡因(lidocaine)、雷奈佐里(linezolide)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、碘帕醇(lopamidol)、氯碳頭孢(loracarbef)、氯雷他定(loratadine)、勞拉西泮(lorazepam)、氯沙坦(losartan)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、賴氨酸乙醯水楊酸(lysine acetylsalicylic acid)、馬尼地平(manidipine)、甲基鈷胺素(mecobalamin)、安宮黃體酮(medroxyprogesterone)、甲地孕酮(megestrol)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、維生素K(menatetrenone)、流行性腦脊髓膜炎苗(meningococcus vaccine)、促卵泡成熟荷爾蒙(menotropin)、美羅培南(meropenem)、美沙拉嗪(mesalamine)、美他沙酮(metaxalone)、二甲雙胍(metformin)、利他林(methylphenidate)、可的松(methylprednisolone)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、咪達唑崙(midazolam)、米力農(milrinone)、二甲胺四環素(minocycline)、米氮平(mirtazapine)、米索前列醇(misoprostol)、米托(mitoxantrone)、嗎氯貝胺(moclobemide)、莫達非尼(modafinil)、糖酸莫美他松(mometasone)、欣流(montelukast)、馬尼氟酯(morniflumate)、嗎啡(morphium)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、黴酚酸嗎啉彼酯(mycophenolate)、丁美酮(nabumetone)、低分子肝素(nadroparin)、萘普生(naproxen)、納拉(naratriptan)、奈法唑酮(nefazodone)、那非那韋(nelfinavir)、奈韋拉平(nevirapine)、菸鹼酸(niacin)、地平(nicardipine)、尼麥角林(nicergoline)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、尼伐地平(nilvadipine)、尼莫地平(nimodipine)、硝酸甘油(nitroglycerin)、尼扎替丁(nizatidine)、炔諾酮(norethindrone)、諾氟沙星(norfloxacin)、奧曲肽(octreotide)、奧氮平(olanzapine)、奧美拉唑(omeprazole)、恩丹西酮(ondansetron)、奧利司他(orlistat)、奧司他韋(oseltamivir)、雌二醇(oestradiol)、雌激素(oestrogens)、益樂鉑(oxaliplatin)、奧沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、噁喹酸(oxolinic acid)、奧昔布寧(oxybutynin)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、單克隆抗體(palivizumab)、帕米膦酸(pamidronate)、胰脂酶(pancrelipase)、帕尼培南(panipenem)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)、撲熱息痛(paracetamol)、帕羅西汀(paroxetine)、己酮可可鹼(pentoxifylline)、高利特(pergolide)、苯妥英(phenytoin)、吡格列酮(pioglitazone)、哌拉西林(piperacillin)、羅昔康(piroxicam)、普拉克索(pramipexole)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、哌唑嗪(prazosin)、普羅布考(probucol )、黃體酮(progesterone)、普羅帕酮(propafenone)、丙泊酚(propofol)、丙氧芬(propoxyphene)、前列腺素(prostaglandin)、富馬酸喹硫平(quetiapin)、喹那普利(quinapril)、雷貝拉唑(rabeprazole)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、雷米普利(ramipril)、雷尼替丁(ranitidine)、瑞格列奈(repaglinide)、利血平(reserpine)、病毒唑(ribavirin)、利魯唑(riluzole)、利培酮(risperidone)、利托那韋(ritonavir)、美羅華(rituximab)、尼瓦林(rivastigmin)、利扎曲(rizatriptan)、羅非昔布(rofecoxib)、羅匹尼羅(ropinirole)、羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)、沙美特羅(salmeterol)、沙奎那韋(saquinavir)、沙格司亭(sargramostim)、沙雷肽酶(serrapeptase)、舍曲林(sertraline)、司維拉姆(sevelamer)、西布曲明(sibutramine)、西地那非(sildenafil)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、基因重組生長激素(somatropin)、索他洛爾(sotalol)、安體舒通(spironolactone)、司他夫定(stavudine)、舒巴坦(sulbactam)、磺胺乙二唑(sulfaethidole)、新諾明(sulfamethoxazole)、柳氮磺胺吡啶(sulfasalazine)、舒必利(sulpiride)、舒馬(sumatriptan)、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、三苯氧胺(tamoxifen)、坦索羅辛(tamsulosin)、三唑巴坦(tazobactam)、替考拉寧(teicoplanin)、特莫卡普(temocapril)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)、替奈普酶(tenecteplase)、諾昔康(tenoxicam)、替普瑞(teprenone)、特拉唑嗪(terazosin)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、特布他林(terbutaline)、破傷風類毒素(tetanus toxoid)、丁苯那嗪(tetrabenazine)、(tetrazapam)、麝香草酚(thymol)、噻加賓(tiagabine)、替勃龍(tibolone)、替卡西林(ticarcillin)、噻氯吡啶(ticlopidine)、噻嗎洛爾(timolol)、替羅非班(tirofiban)、替扎尼啶(tizanidine)、妥布黴素(tobramycin)、生育酚菸鹼酸酯(tocopheryl nicotinate)、托特羅定(tolterodin)、托吡酯(topiramate)、拓撲替康(topotecan)、托拉塞米(torasemide)、曲馬多(tramadol)、群多普利(trandolapril)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、曲安縮松(triamcinolone)、三唑崙(triazolam)、曲美布汀(trimebutine)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)、曲格列酮(troglitazone)、托烷司(tropisetron)、妥洛特羅(tulobuterol)、烏諾前列酮(unoprostone)、烏諾弗利妥品(urofollitropin)、萬乃洛韋(valacyclovir)、丙戊酸(valproic acid)、纈沙坦(valsartan)、萬古黴素(vancomycin)、文拉法辛(venlafaxine)、維拉帕米(verapamil)、維替泊芬(verteporfin)、氨己烯酸(vigabatrin)、溫諾平(vinorelbine)、長春乙酯(vinpocetine)、伏格列波(voglibose)、華法令(warfarin)、扎魯司特(zafirlukast)、扎來普隆(zaleplon)、扎那米韋(zanamivir)、齊多夫啶(zidovudine)、佐米曲普坦(zolmitriptan)、唑吡坦(zolpidem)、佐匹克隆(zopiclone)和其衍生物。但是,瞭解活性藥用成份亦指其他物質,如,維生素、維生素原(provitamins)、必須脂肪酸、植物和動物來源的萃出物、植物和動物來源的油、植物藥用製劑和順勢療法的製劑。
本發明之沉澱矽石或矽酸鹽特別可作為動物飼料添加劑(如,甲酸、丙酸、乳酸、磷酸、氯化膽鹼溶液、維生素E乙酸酯或植物萃出物(如萬壽菊萃出物))的載體。
此外,本發明之沉澱矽石可作為化學中間產物(如、三聚氰胺樹脂)或塗漆添加劑的載體材料。
欲製造吸收物,本發明之沉澱矽石與至少一種待吸收的物質(如,可滲入沉澱矽石孔隙中的物質)接觸。此處,可以使用嫻於此技藝者已知的所有技術,例如,混合或流化床法。較佳地,先將沉澱矽石引至固體混合單元(例如捏和機、槳式乾燥機、顛動混合機、直立式混合機、槳式混合機、Schugi混合機、水泥混合機、Gericke連續混合機、Eirich混合機和/或筒混合機)中。據此,取決於待吸收的物質類型和組成、設備構造和程序要求而選擇程序參數。對應技巧和方法為嫻於此技藝者習知者。
吸收物中吸收的物質含量介於5毫升/100克矽石和230毫升/100克矽石之間。
藉下列方法測定本發明之沉澱矽石的反應條件和物化數據:
DBP吸收度之測定
DBP吸收度(DBP數),其為沉澱矽石的吸收率指標,係基於如下的標準DIN 53601測得:用於DBP吸收的矽石的濕份含量應為4-8重量%。有須要時,此可藉乾燥或以水濕化而建立。任何乾燥需求可於105℃完成。樣品的濕化可以,例如,藉由使得在氣候控制箱中噴出的矽石薄層適應條件而完成。應避免直接以液態水濕化,此由於此將無可避免地導致液體分佈不均之故。
12.50克濕份含量4-8重量%的粉狀或粒狀矽石引至吸收計(Brabender之配備鋼槽(Art. No. 1.2316)的吸收計C或Hitec之配備鋼槽(Art. No. 1597)的吸收計(型號DABS))的捏和槽。以穩定混合(捏和槳的圓周速率125rpm),使用Dosimat(吸收計C:Schott Titronic通用滴管,公稱體積50毫升,或Hitec吸收計:Schott Titronic通用滴管,公稱體積50毫升)將Vestinol C(酞酸二丁酯)以4毫升/分鐘的速率於室溫逐滴添加至混合物。此混合於低扭矩進行。扭矩在控制PC的螢幕上標點。隨著測定接近終點,混合物變成糊狀,此造成扭矩急劇提高。當數值顯示600時(扭矩0.6Nm),切斷捏和機和DBP量的電力連接。用於DBP供料的同步馬達連接至數位計數器,以便讀取DBP消耗量(單位為毫升)。
DBP吸收度以克/(100克)報導且藉下列式計算:
其中
DBP=DBP吸收度,單位是克/(100)
V=DBP消耗,單位是毫
D=DBP密度,單位是克/毫升(1.047克/毫升,20℃
E=矽石的起始重量,單位克
K=根據濕份校正表的校正值,單位是克/(100克)
DBP吸收度定義用於無水之經乾燥的矽石。在使用帶濕份的沉澱矽石的情況中,應將校正值K列入DBP吸收度的計算中。可以使用下面的校正表定出此值。例如,水含量5.8%的矽石將指DBP吸收度另貢獻33克/(100克)。藉“濕份含量和乾失量之測定”測定矽石的濕份含量。
藉雷射繞射測定粒子尺寸
雷射繞射測定粒子尺寸之應用係以粒子以不同的強度型式繞射單色光的現象為基礎。此繞射取決於粒子尺寸。粒子越小,繞射角度越大。
未暴於超音波的d50
和暴於超音波1分鐘後的d50
之測定
在親水性(水可潤濕的)沉澱矽石的情況中,樣品製備和測定(模組沖洗..等)係藉分散流體(0.05質量%二磷酸四鈉在去礦質水中)之助而進行。在疏水性(非水可潤濕的)沉澱矽石的情況中,此藉乙醇/水混合物(體積比1:1)進行。開始測定之前,令包括Sonics Vibracell US處理器(型號VCX 130)的雷射繞射儀器LS 230(得自Beckman Coulter,Art. No. 6605210,其具液體模組(Small Volume Module Plus,120毫升,得自Beckman Coulter,該模組具有內部US套管(直徑6毫米),Art No. 6605506)溫熱2小時,且該模組以分散流體沖洗三次並校正。在疏水性沉澱矽石的情況中,以乙醇/水混合物沖洗三次。
在儀器軟體的選項列(如,3.29版)中,經由選項點“analysis”,選擇檔案視窗“calculate opt. model”並將繞射指數定義在.rfd檔案中:液體繞射指數B.I.real=1.332(乙醇為1.359);材料繞射指數real=1.46;想像(imaginary)=0.1;形成因子1)。然後選擇選項窗“sample info”並定義樣品名稱。此外,定義儲存分析和分散流體的檔案名稱並以“OK”確認。在選項中,現在選擇選項窗“measurement cycle”)。在此視窗中,在確認“new sample”之後,定義或活化下列設定:“Offset measurement”、“adjust”、“background measurement”、“set sample concentration”、“imput sample info”(用以檢視sample info中宣告的樣品)、“start 1 measurement”和鈍化PIDS功能。此外,在“input measurement info”選擇中,定義測定時間為60秒鐘。此外,此處選擇“Fraunhofer.rfd”光學模式,且活化“size distribution”(檢視“during the measurement”)和“save date”。在測定儀器上(或在Small Volume Module)將抽吸率設定於75%。
藉由刮勺,添加矽石樣品(即,未過篩的原始材料)直到測定濃度達到8至12%且儀器顯示“OK”。然後藉抽吸循環,無超音波地進一步分散60秒鐘。活化“start”選項,以於室溫測定並無超音波地測定d50
值。然後,藉SVM模組中的內部超音波套管,此分散液暴於25瓦特60秒鐘,未經脈衝,並再度分析,以提供超音波處理1分鐘之後的d50
。藉儀器軟體,以體積分佈和光學模型參數(Fraunhofer.rdf檔案)為基礎,自原始數據曲線得到每次測定的d50
值。此d50
值為中間值。
暴於超音波1分鐘之後之<200微米的粒子比例之測定
暴於超音波之後之<200微米的粒子比例(以%表示)係以圖表方式自使用雷射繞射(Coulter LS 230),用以測定暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d50
值之粒子尺寸測定得到之累積的體積分佈曲線定出。
(濕份含量)乾失量之測定
矽石的濕份含量係根據ISO 787-2於105℃在強制空氣乾燥箱中乾燥2小時之後測定)。乾燥失重主要源自於水份。
最終硬化的沉澱矽石之pH之測定
所有pH測定的固體起始重量係以乾燥材料為基礎。當使用未乾燥的原始材料時,必須測定其乾失量(濕份含量)。然後以乾失量的值校正用於pH測定的起始重量。
以DIN EN ISO 787-9為基礎,矽石的pH係在5%水性懸浮液中於室溫測定。不同於此標準的條文,選擇起始重量5.00克的矽石在95毫升的去離子水中。
下列實例用以進一步說明本發明,但不欲限制其範圍。
沉澱矽石之硬化的試驗效能之一般描述
48.5毫升的0.1n NaOHaq
引至可密閉之體積為250毫升的玻璃瓶中,添加25克沉澱矽石且其藉刮勺以手攪拌1分鐘。然後,密閉此瓶並於室溫(約23℃)儲存15分鐘。然後,將上瓶的內容物以均勻層厚度倒在預熱的玻璃盤(直徑30公分)上並在預熱至175℃的乾燥箱中乾燥15分鐘。然後將經乾燥和硬化的沉澱矽石以均勻層厚度散佈玻璃盤(直徑30公分)中並在氣候控制箱中於23℃和50%相對濕度適應環境達30分鐘。經乾燥和適應環境的樣品之pH為8.6。
實例1
所用的起始矽石是Sipernat2200,其得自Evonik Degussa GmbH,平均粒子尺寸d50
是358微米且水含量(濕份含量)是5.0重量%,其藉前文描述的一般方法硬化。
根據實例1之本發明之沉澱矽石的物化性質列於下面的表2。
比較例
附表2含有關於先前技藝的沉澱矽石的物化數據。比較例1對應於實例1的起始矽石(Sipernat2200,得自Evonik Degussa GmbH,其為作為載體矽石的市售品)。比較例2係得自Rhodia Chimie的Tixosil 38 X,而比較例3係得自Huber的Hubersil。
表2顯示比較例1和2中測試的沉澱矽石具有足夠的吸收率但微細粒子比例過高。機械應力(以輸入超音波模擬)之後的平均直徑d50
比根據本發明硬化的沉澱矽石小得多。類似地,<200微米的粒子比例也比本發明之沉澱矽石高得多,即,比較用的矽石導致在製造吸收物的期間內,在捏和機中結塊及提高塵粒形成。比較用的矽石3堅硬,但其缺點在於吸收率過低。
本發明之實例1和比較例1之比較,硬化的影響變得特別明顯。比較例1之未硬化的沉澱矽石在機械應力之後,d50
比實例1低約88%。反之,機械應力施於比較例1之未硬化的沉澱矽石上之後,<200微米的粒子比例比實例1者高,為四倍以上。此說明本發明之沉澱矽石明顯比基本上使用之目前市售的載體矽石來得堅硬。
Claims (16)
- 一種沉澱矽石,其-DBP吸收度(無水)為210至270克/100克,-pH在6至8的範圍內,-暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d50 係220至400微米,-暴於超音波1分鐘之後,小於200微米的粒子比例低於35體積%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之沉澱矽石,其暴於超音波1分鐘之後的d50 為270至360微米且/或暴於超音波1分鐘之後,小於200微米的粒子比例為1-30體積%且/或具有約球粒形狀。
- 一種製造如申請專利範圍第1項的沉澱矽石之方法,其包含下列步驟a)提供未暴於超音波之平均粒子尺寸d50 為230至600微米且濕份含量為2至70重量%的沉澱矽石b)使來自步驟a)的沉澱矽石與至少一種鹼性物質或至少一種鹼性物質的至少一溶液於10至150℃之溫度下接觸1分鐘至72小時,c)將該經鹼處理的沉澱矽石乾燥。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石之DBP吸收度(無水)為210至350克/100克。
- 如申請專利範圍第3或4項之方法,其中步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石在進行步驟a)之前,被施以至少一個乾 燥步驟,其中這些乾燥步驟的至少一者是在噴嘴塔中進行;或者步驟a)中使用的沉澱矽石在進行步驟a)之前與水接觸以使得水含量為2至70重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中步驟b)中使用的鹼是一種於23℃和大氣壓下為氣體且選自氣態烷基胺和氨的鹼。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中沉澱矽石在與該氣相鹼接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍內。
- 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之方法,其中步驟c)中之乾燥係藉至少一種氣體/蒸氣驅離水和鹼而達成,該至少一種氣體/蒸氣係選自空氣、蒸汽、惰性氣體或前述氣體和/或蒸氣之混合物,該氣體/蒸氣之溫度高於或等於20℃;或者藉真空乾燥機或藉流式乾燥機(flow dryer)、分段乾燥機(staged dryer)、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機或乾燥箱驅離水和鹼而達成。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中步驟c)中之乾燥係藉流式乾燥機、分段乾燥機、帶式乾燥機、迴轉管乾燥機或乾燥箱達成,且在步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c)之後,沉澱矽石的pH藉與酸化劑接觸而調整至pH6至8。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中步驟b)中使用的鹼係包含至少一種鹼的溶液或為固體鹼,且該鹼選自鹼金屬氫氧化物、鹼土金屬氫氧化物、鹼金屬氧化物、鹼土金屬氧化物、氨、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽和胺之溶液。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中在步驟b)中該沉澱矽石與該鹼溶液之接觸係藉由將鹼溶液噴在沉澱矽石上,藉由將鹼溶液逐滴加至沉澱矽石,或藉由將沉澱矽石攪入或混入鹼溶液中,或藉由製造沉澱矽石在鹼溶液中之懸浮液或分散液而達成。
- 如申請專利範圍第10或11項之方法,其中該沉澱矽石與該鹼溶液接觸之後的pH在8至12的範圍內且/或在步驟b)和c)之間或在步驟c)之後,沉澱矽石的pH藉由與酸化劑接觸而調整至pH6至8。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1或2項之沉澱矽石於製造吸收物之用途。
- 一種吸收物,其包含至少一種如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之沉澱矽石,吸收物中被吸收物質的含量介於5毫升/100克沉澱矽石和230毫升/100克沉澱矽石之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之吸收物,其中至少一種選自甲酸、丙酸、乳酸、磷酸、氯化膽鹼溶液、維生素E乙酸酯和衍生物、植物萃出物、三聚氰胺樹脂和漆添加劑的待吸收物質被吸收於沉澱矽石上。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之吸收物,其中該植物萃出物為萬壽菊萃出物。
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DE102010003204A1 (de) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-12-15 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Grobteilige Trägerkieselsäuren |
DE102011004532A1 (de) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-23 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Hochreines Siliciumdioxidgranulat für Quarzglasanwendungen |
DE102012211121A1 (de) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Evonik Industries Ag | Granuläre, funktionalisierte Kieselsäure, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
DE102014113411A1 (de) | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anorganische, Silica-basierte Feststoff-Schaumpartikel mit geschlossenen Innenporen, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Füll- oder Speicherstoff |
ES2776901T3 (es) | 2016-07-29 | 2020-08-03 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Procedimiento para la producción de un material termoaislante que contiene ácido silícico hidrófobo |
RU2759942C2 (ru) | 2017-01-18 | 2021-11-18 | Эвоник Оперейшенс ГмбХ | Гранулированный теплоизоляционный материал и способ его получения |
EP3582626B1 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2021-09-15 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Water dispersible formulations |
CN110381747A (zh) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-10-25 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 贮存稳定的配制物 |
DE102017209782A1 (de) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-13 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Wärmedämmung eines evakuierbaren Behälters |
WO2019170264A1 (de) | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines aerogelmaterials |
EP3597615A1 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-22 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Granular mixed oxide material and thermal insulating composition on its basis |
EP3823939A1 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2021-05-26 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Thermal insulating composition based on fumed silica granulates, processes for its preparation and uses thereof |
US11987528B2 (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2024-05-21 | Kingspan Insulation Limited | Process for hydrophobizing shaped insulation-material bodies based on silica at ambient pressure |
PL3662761T3 (pl) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-11-02 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Stabilne podczas przechowywania adsorbaty związków nitrooksy |
WO2023210814A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | 無機多孔質材料を含む口腔用組成物 |
WO2023210812A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | 多孔質材料を含む口腔用組成物 |
WO2023210811A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | 無機多孔質材料を含む口腔用組成物 |
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KR101616590B1 (ko) | 2016-04-28 |
PT2303777E (pt) | 2013-06-03 |
RU2011107350A (ru) | 2013-06-20 |
EP2303777B1 (de) | 2013-03-20 |
CA2732596A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
PL2303777T3 (pl) | 2013-07-31 |
BRPI0916603A2 (pt) | 2015-11-10 |
RU2541063C2 (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
US20110136919A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
CN102112396B (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
JP5518064B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
CN102112396A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
KR20110052671A (ko) | 2011-05-18 |
ES2409712T3 (es) | 2013-06-27 |
BRPI0916603B1 (pt) | 2019-05-21 |
DE102008035867A1 (de) | 2010-02-04 |
MX2011001126A (es) | 2011-03-29 |
JP2011529842A (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
TW201016604A (en) | 2010-05-01 |
US8962519B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
WO2010012638A1 (de) | 2010-02-04 |
EP2303777A1 (de) | 2011-04-06 |
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