SU791287A1

SU791287A1 - Method of stubble sowing and seeder for effecting same

Info

Publication number: SU791287A1
Application number: SU792719617A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Прокофий Тихонович Золотарев; Елена Прокофьевна Воробьева; Лия Петровна Борщ; Владимир Федорович Чирков; Сергей Прокофьевич Золотарев; Николай Прокофьевич Золотарев
Original assignee: Харьковский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Сельскохозяйственный Институт Им. В.В.Докучаева
Priority date: 1979-01-30
Filing date: 1979-01-30
Publication date: 1980-12-30

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному Машиностроению, в частно\ сти к способам стерневого посева и сеялкам для его осуществления.The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to methods of stubble sowing and seeders for its implementation.

Известны способы стерневого посева, . включающие образование сошниками в ⁵виде двусторонних стрельчатых' лап борозд с одновременным подрезанием пластов почвы на глубине заделки семян и укладку семян в борозды W·Known methods of stubble sowing,. including the formation of openers in ⁵ forms of bilateral lancet 'paws of furrows with simultaneous cutting of soil layers at a depth of seed placement and laying of seeds in furrows W

Недостатком известных способов является наличие интенсивно разрушенной стерни и почвы с отмершими корнями в образованияхлобовой частью стоек сошников бороздах, а также засыпание значительной части стерни раскрошенной почвой при прохождении сошников сеялки. При этом расположенная под почвой стерня и отмершая корневая система'в разрушенной почве в течение примерно одного года полностью разлагаются (см., М. Г.Чижевский и др. Земледелие с основами почвоведения). Все это ведет к убыванию органического вещества в почве и на ее поверхности, утрате естественного строения, свойств и условий старопа. хотной почве, повышению нагревания, высыхания, эрозии, уменьшению водопроницаемости и запаса продуктивной влаги и, в конечном счете, к снижению плодородия, а с ним величины 'и качества урожая.A disadvantage of the known methods is the presence of intensely destroyed stubble and soil with dead roots in the formations of the front part of the coulter racks of the furrows, as well as falling asleep a significant part of the stubble crumbled soil during the passage of the seeder coulters. Moreover, the stubble located under the soil and the dead root system in the destroyed soil completely decompose within about one year (see, M. G. Chizhevsky and others. Agriculture with the basics of soil science). All this leads to a decrease in organic matter in the soil and on its surface, the loss of the natural structure, properties and conditions of the starop. soil, increase heating, drying, erosion, reduce water permeability and the supply of productive moisture and, ultimately, reduce fertility, and with it the size and quality of the crop.

Известны также сеялки для стерневого посева, содержащие бункер с высевающими, раму на которой с заданным расстоянием по ширине закреплены стрйки сошников с режущими рабочими органами в виде плоскорежущих стрельчатых лап и семяпроводами [1].Also known are stubble seeders containing a hopper with sowing, a frame on which with a predetermined distance in width fixed streamers of coulters with cutting working bodies in the form of plane-cutting lancet paws and seed tubes [1].

' Недостатками указанных сеялок являются .образование стойками сошников в . почве открытых борозд шириной 70 мм и более интенсивное разрушение почвы со стерней и отмершими корнями в местах создания борозд, а также засыпание 60-70% стерни раскрошенной почвой при прохождении сошников. Интенсивное разрушение и засыпание стерни и отмерших'The disadvantages of these seeders are. the soil of open furrows with a width of 70 mm and more intense destruction of soil with stubble and dead roots at the places of creation of the furrows, as well as falling asleep 60-70% of the stubble crumbled soil during the passage of openers. Intensive destruction and falling asleep of stubble and dead

- 791287 4 корней почвой, как и оборачивание ее известными почвообрабатывающими органами, ведет к повышению аэрации и быстрому разложению 'органического) вещества.- 791287 4 roots with soil, as well as wrapping it with well-known tillage organs, leads to increased aeration and rapid decomposition of the 'organic) substance.

Цель изобретения - восстановление монолитности разрушенной почвы со стер» ней в местах образования борозд.The purpose of the invention is the restoration of the solidity of the destroyed soil with erased it in the places of formation of furrows.

Это достигается способом стерневого посева, при котором производят односто-' ¹⁰роннее подрезание пластов почвы сошниками на ширину, равную расстоянию между ними,, при этом каждый подрезанный последующим сошником пласт почвы смещают поперек движения сеялки до сопри- 15 косновения его с соседним пластом почвы, образованным предыдущим сошником.This is achieved by a method of crop stubble, wherein produce odnosto- ^'10 ronnee clipping formations soil openers to a width equal to the distance between them ,, wherein each undercut formation followed coulter soil displaced transversely to our conscious movement drills 15 with the immunity of its adjacent soil formation, formed by the previous opener.

Указанный способ стерневого посева осуществляется сеялкой Для стерневого» посева, в которой каждый последующий ²⁰сошник смещен в продольной горизонтальной плоскости относительно предыдущего сошника, а режущие рабочие органы сош- . ников выполнены в виде плоскорежущих односторонних лап, которые расположены ²⁵по одну сторону стоек сошников и установлены под углом 2-3° к горизонтальной плоскости, причем лобовая часть стоек сошника сочленена плавным переходом с поверхностью режущих органов сош- 30 ников и выполнена в виде клина, одна поверхность которого расположена в продольно-вертикальной плоскости, а другая - под углом к последней.The specified method of stubble sowing is carried out by the seeder For stubble "sowing, in which each subsequent ²⁰ coulter is shifted in the horizontal horizontal plane relative to the previous coulter, and the cutting working bodies are mounted. nicks are made in the form of flat-cutting one-sided paws, which are located ²⁵ on one side of the openers and are installed at an angle of 2-3 ° to the horizontal plane, and the front part of the openers is articulated by a smooth transition with the surface of the cutting organs of openers and made in the form of a wedge, one surface of which is located in a longitudinally vertical plane, and the other is at an angle to the latter.

На фиг. 1 изображена сеялка для стер-! 35 нового посева, вид сверху; на фиг. 2 - ^гсошник, вид сбоку*, на фиг. 3 - тоже, вид сверху; на фиг. 4 - сошник, вид. сзади.In FIG. 1 shows a seeder for ster-! 35 new sowing, top view; in FIG. 2 - ^g opener, side view *, in FIG. 3 - also, top view; in FIG. 4 - opener, view. from behind.

Сеялка содержит бункер с высевающими аппаратами (на чертеже не показа- 40 ны), раму 1 с брусьями2, к которым шарнирно прикреплены сошники 3 на заданном расстоянии по ширине относитель-» но друг друга.The seeder contains a hopper with sowing devices (not shown in the drawing 40), a frame 1 with bars 2 to which the coulters 3 are pivotally attached at a predetermined width relative to each other.

При этом каждый последующий сошник 45 смещен в продольно-горизонтальной плос·» кости относительно предыдущего! сошника на определенную величину. Брусья установлены под углом 65°. Длй обеспечения копирования поверхности Почвы оош- 50 ники 3 прикреплены к бусьям 2 побатарейно. Каждый сошник 3 состоит из монолитной стойки 4 толщиной 12 мм.^отклоненной от вертикали назад на 20* . Ее йередняя лобовая часть выполнена в фор- 55 ме клина, одна из поверхностей которого расположена в продольно-вертикальной плоскости, а другая - под углом к последней, причем в нижней части лобовая часть стойки.In this case, each subsequent opener 45 is displaced in the longitudinally horizontal plane · ”of the bone relative to the previous one! opener for a certain amount. The bars are installed at an angle of 65 °. To ensure copying of the surface of the Soil, the tags 3 are attached to the towers 2 as a battery. Each opener 3 consists of a monolithic stand 4 with a thickness of 12 mm. ^ 20% deviated from the vertical back. Its middle frontal part is made in the form of a wedge, one of the surfaces of which is located in a longitudinally vertical plane, and the other is at an angle to the latter, with the frontal part of the rack in the lower part.

Claims

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to the methods of sowing inoculum and the crops for its implementation. Methods of stubble sowing are known, including the formation of openers in the form of bilateral lancet paws of a furrow with simultaneous cutting of soil layers at a depth of seed placement and laying of seeds in furrows ij. A disadvantage of the known methods is the presence of intensively destroyed stubble and soil with dead roots in the formation of the front part of the soshnz racks of the furrows, as well as the blocking of a significant part of the stubble with crushed soil during the passage of the seed openers. At the same time, the sterns located under the soil and the dead root of the system are completely decomposed within about one year of the destroyed soil (see M. G. Chzhevsky and others. Agriculture with the fundamentals of soil science). All this leads to a decrease in organic matter in the soil and on its surface, loss of the natural structure, properties and conditions of the arable land, increased heating, drying, erosion, a decrease in water permeability and productive moisture, and, ultimately, a decrease in fertility, and size and quality of the crop. Also known for stubble sowing, containing a hopper with sowing, the frame on which with a given distance in width is fixed lines of openers with cutting working bodies in the form of flat-cutting pointed paws and sem wires iT. The disadvantages of these spouts are the formation of coulter stands. the soil of open furrows with a width of 7 mm and more intensive destruction of the soil with stubble and dead roots in places. creating furrows, as well as falling asleep 60-70% of stubble with crumbled soil during harvesting of coulters. Intensive destruction and backfilling of stubble and dead roots with soil, as well as wrapping it with well-known soil-cultivating organs, leads to increased aeration and rapid decomposition of the Jurcanic i substance. The purpose of the invention is to restore the solidity of the destroyed soil with the stubs in the places of furrows formation. This is achieved by a stubble sowing method, in which one-sided cutting of soil layers by openers is carried out to a width equal to the distance between them, each cut of the soil subsequent by the opener is displaced across the movement of the seed until it is formed by the previous opener. This method of sowing seeding is carried out by a seedling for stubble sowing, in which each subsequent coulter is displaced in the longitudinal horizontal plane relative to the previous coulter, and the cutting working members of the coulters are made in the form of flat-cutting single-sided legs, which are located on one side of the coulter racks and set at an angle 2-3 to the horizontal plane, with the frontal part of the hundred of the opener articulated by a smooth transition from the surface of the cutting organs of the openers and made in the form of a wedge, one surface of The latter is located in a tpodolno-vertical plane, and the friend is at an angle to the latter. FIG. 1 shows a plant for planting seeding, top view; in fig. 2 vomer, side view; in fig. 3 - also, top view; in fig. 4 - coulter, view / rear. The plant contains a bunker with sowing devices (not psasaana in the drawing), a frame 1 with bars mi2, to which the coulters 3 are at a predetermined distance across each other. In this case, each subsequent sshnik is shifted in the longitudinally-grrizotgalnoy luioc bone relative to the previous / vomer by a certain value. The bars are set at an angle of 65. In order to ensure copying of the soil surface, the colds 3 are attached to the bead of m 2 battery. Each coulter 3 consists of a monolithic rack 4 with a thickness of 12 mm, deflected from the vertical back to 2O. The frontal part is made in the form of a wedge, one of the surfaces of which is placed in a longitudinal vertical plane, and the other at an angle to the latter, and in the lower part of the front part of the stand. Claim 1. A method for stubble sowing, including the formation of furrows by coulters with simultaneous cutting of plastovka at the depth of seeding and storing seeds in furrows, characterized in that, in order to restore the solidity of the destroyed soil with stubble in places of furrows, it produces one-sided the cutting of soil layers by coulters by a width equal to the distance between them; each layer of soil cut by a subsequent coulter is displaced across the movement of the slice until it touches the adjacent stratum chvy formed the previous opener.

2. Selection for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising; bunker with vyvayuscheymif devices, a frame on which with the set. a distance along the width of the cage of the coulter stand with cutting working bodies in the form of flat-cutting lamellas paws and seed drivers, characterized in that, in order to restore the solidity of the destroyed soil with stubble in the places of formation of furrows, each successive folding of the displaced ground horizon the opener, and the cutting working bodies of the openers are made in a single-sided, single-sided cutting machine, C, which are located on one side of the uprights, C (mines and installed at an angle to the horizontal flat w, wherein the frontal part of the articulated struts opener; smooth transition with the surface rezhupschh soschnnkov bodies and formed as a wedge, one surface of which is sprayed) lozhena in prodopno vertikalnry-plane, and the other - TX angles to the latter. Sources of information that are taken into account during the examination 1. Tractors and agricultural machines, 1978, No. 8, p. 21 (prototype).