CN113475180A - Front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder - Google Patents

Front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113475180A
CN113475180A CN202110832525.1A CN202110832525A CN113475180A CN 113475180 A CN113475180 A CN 113475180A CN 202110832525 A CN202110832525 A CN 202110832525A CN 113475180 A CN113475180 A CN 113475180A
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China
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ditching
soil
spring
device suitable
preparation device
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CN202110832525.1A
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CN113475180B (en
Inventor
方志超
曲永波
罗海峰
吴明亮
代振维
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Hunan Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062Devices for making drills or furrows

Abstract

The invention discloses a front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for a high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder, which comprises a ditching plow, a lifting rack and a soil preparation component, wherein the lifting rack comprises a lower bedplate, a lifting structure and an upper bedplate used for being connected with the seeder, two ends of the lifting structure are connected with the lower bedplate and the lower bedplate, the ditching plow and the soil preparation component are arranged on the lower side of the lower bedplate, and the soil preparation component is arranged between the ditching plows. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder can be combined and refitted with the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder, the space structures of the ditching and land preparation device and the seeding device are reasonably arranged, the effective utilization of the front space of the high-ground-clearance crawler-type tractor in the seeding operation is realized, and a new scheme is provided for the small self-propelled combined seeder; meanwhile, the device can adjust the soil penetration angle and the ditching depth of the plough body through the angle adjusting system and the ditch depth adjusting system in the operation process, and has the advantages of small ditching resistance, easy regulation and control of the ditch depth and the like.

Description

Front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for a high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder.
Background
The southern China has fertile cultivated land with huge area mainly based on hilly and mountain land topography, and due to the fact that the southern China is flooded, crops which are prone to waterlogging are planted in the hilly and mountain lands usually adopt a ditch and box planting mode, and the processes of ditching and box surface trimming during sowing operation are time-consuming and labor-consuming.
At present, the existing high-efficiency seeder at home and abroad mainly takes a large-scale combined seeder as a main part, is suitable for the operation on terrains with flat terrain and slow terrain, and can simultaneously complete the operations of soil preparation, ditching, seeding and the like. However, large machines are difficult to deploy in field operations where hilly and mountain terrain is the main feature. The sequential trench sorting and seeding has the disadvantages of high power consumption, high machine cost, time consumption and labor consumption. The development reliable small-sized ditch self-propelled combined seeding machine is the key for solving the problems, but because the ditching and soil preparation device and the seeding device are mainly suspended after being used, the problem of conflict of the structural space layout of machines and tools exists in the development of small-sized self-propelled combined seeding, the small-sized high-clearance crawler-type seeding machine has the characteristics of small occupied area of machine and tool walking and the like due to the high chassis, has the advantage of directly walking in furrows, has larger available space in the front and the back, but has the main problems of difficult control of ditch depth and the like when the ditching and soil preparation device is arranged in front, and is further characterized by large advancing resistance and the like when ditching, and still lacks a proper device to meet the ditching and soil preparation and seeding combined operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for a high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for a high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder, which comprises ditching plows, a lifting rack and a soil preparation component, wherein the lifting rack comprises a lower bedplate, a lifting structure and an upper bedplate used for being connected with the seeder, two ends of the lifting structure are connected with the upper bedplate and the lower bedplate, the ditching plows and the soil preparation component are arranged on the lower side of the lower bedplate, and the soil preparation component is arranged between the ditching plows.
Furthermore, the lifting structure is a scissor lifting mechanism and comprises a lifting adjusting oil cylinder and at least one scissor assembly, the scissor assembly comprises two sliders, two scissor frames which are hinged to each other and two guide rails which are respectively arranged on the upper bedplate and the lower bedplate, two ends of one scissor frame are hinged to the lower bedplate and the upper bedplate, two ends of the other scissor frame are hinged to the sliders, the sliders are connected with the guide rails in a sliding mode, and two ends of the lifting adjusting oil cylinder are connected with the upper bedplate and the lower bedplate.
Furthermore, the group of scissors assemblies are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lifting adjusting oil cylinder.
Furthermore, the ditching plow is a hollow box structure, the front end of the bottom of the ditching plow is provided with a wedge-shaped ditching portion, two sides of the wedge-shaped ditching portion are provided with ditching inclined planes, and the bottom of each ditching inclined plane extends towards the ditching direction to form a tip.
Furthermore, a wedge-shaped shaping part is arranged on the furrow plough and is positioned behind the wedge-shaped furrow part, shaping inclined planes connected with the furrow inclined planes are arranged on two sides of the wedge-shaped shaping part, the width of each shaping inclined plane is in a decreasing trend along the furrow direction, and the width of each shaping inclined plane is in an increasing trend from bottom to top.
The ditching plow comprises a ditching plow body, a hanging arm assembly, a spindle and an angle adjusting mechanism, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism is used for driving the ditching plow body to rotate, the hanging arm assembly comprises a hanging arm and a shaft sleeve arranged at the bottom of the hanging arm, the upper end of the hanging arm is fixedly connected with a lower bedplate, the lower end of the hanging arm is provided with the shaft sleeve, the spindle is matched with the shaft sleeve, and the ditching plow is arranged at two ends of the spindle.
Furthermore, the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder suspension joint, an angle adjusting oil cylinder and a plough body rear frame, the hydraulic cylinder suspension joint is installed on the lower bedplate, one end of the angle adjusting oil cylinder is hinged with the hydraulic cylinder suspension joint, the other end of the angle adjusting oil cylinder is hinged with the plough body rear frame, and two ends of the plough body rear frame are connected with the furrow plough.
Further, the soil preparation part comprises a soil compacting plate, a triangular furrow plough and a soil compacting adjusting mechanism, the triangular furrow plough is installed on the soil compacting plate, the upper end of the soil compacting plate is hinged with the main shaft, and the lower end of the soil compacting plate controls a soil compacting angle and soil compacting force through the soil compacting adjusting mechanism.
The soil compacting plate fixing frame comprises a plate bolt and a fixing frame, one end of the fixing frame is fixedly connected with the main shaft, and the other end of the fixing frame is hinged to the soil compacting plate through the plate bolt.
Furthermore, the soil compacting adjustment mechanism includes spring spacer pin, straining spring, limiting plate, suppress axle and pressure spring, straining spring and pressure spring noose are in suppress epaxial, suppress axle and limiting plate sliding connection and lower extreme with the soil compacting plate is articulated, the both ends of suppressing the axle all are provided with a plurality of hole sites that are used for the spring spacer pin to peg graft, pressure spring's upper end is connected to on the downside of limiting plate, the lower extreme is connected to and is located suppress the axle lower extreme on the spring spacer pin, tensioning spring's upper end is connected to and is located suppress epaxial end on the spring spacer pin, the lower extreme is connected to on the last side of limiting plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder can be combined and refitted with the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder, the space structures of the ditching and land preparation device and the seeding device are reasonably arranged, the effective utilization of the front space of the high-ground-clearance crawler-type tractor in the seeding operation is realized, and a new scheme is provided for the small self-propelled combined seeder; meanwhile, the device can adjust the soil penetration angle and the ditching depth of the plough body through the angle adjusting system and the ditch depth adjusting system in the operation process, and has the advantages of small ditching resistance, easy regulation and control of the ditch depth and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a first axial schematic view of a front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for a high-clearance crawler-type seeding machine, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a second shaft schematic view of a front-mounted ditching and soil-preparing device suitable for a high-clearance crawler-type seeding machine, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 2 at A;
fig. 4 is an axis measuring view of a front-mounted ditching and soil preparing device suitable for a high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeding machine, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a furrow plough; 11. a wedge-shaped trenching portion; 111. ditching a slope; 12. a wedge-shaped shaping part; 121. shaping an inclined plane; 2. a main shaft; 3. a suspension arm assembly; 31. a suspension arm; 32. a shaft sleeve; 4. an angle adjusting mechanism; 41. a hydraulic cylinder suspension joint; 42. an angle adjusting oil cylinder; 43. a plough body rear frame; 5. a land preparation component; 51. pressing a soil plate; 52. a triangular seed furrow plough; 6. a soil compacting adjustment mechanism; 61. a spring limit pin; 62. tensioning the spring; 63. a limiting plate; 64. a spring-loaded shaft; 65. a compression spring; 7. a soil compacting plate fixing frame; 71. plate bolts; 72. a fixed mount; 8. a lifting rack; 81. an upper platen; 82. a lower platen; 9. a lifting mechanism; 91. a fork shearing frame; 92. a slider; 93. a guide rail; 94. a fixed joint; 10. a lifting adjusting oil cylinder.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the embodiment of the invention discloses a front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for a high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder, the specific operation of the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder depends on the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder, the cooperation between the working part and the adjusting system of the invention and the cooperation between the front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device and the seeding device which are suitable for the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder and are provided by the invention are needed in the specific operation process to achieve the effect of combined seeding operation, the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeder comprises a ditching plow 1, a main shaft 2, a suspension arm assembly 3, an angle adjusting mechanism 4, a soil preparation part 5, a soil compacting adjusting mechanism 6, a soil compacting plate fixing frame 7, a lifting rack 8, a lifting mechanism 9 and a lifting adjusting oil cylinder 10, wherein, the lifting rack 8, the suspension arm component 3 and the main shaft 2 form a frame part, and the lifting mechanism 9 and the lifting adjusting oil cylinder 10 are matched to form a groove depth adjusting system.
In this embodiment, the square of ditching plough 1 orientation ditching is triangle wedge-shaped's hollow box structure, can guarantee the intensity of structure when realizing the lightweight of ditching plough 1 on the one hand, and in addition, enclosed construction also is difficult for getting into earth, is convenient for clear up. The front end of the bottom of the ditching plow 1 is provided with a wedge-shaped ditching part 11, two sides of the wedge-shaped ditching part 11 are provided with ditching slopes 111, and the bottom of the ditching slope 111 extends towards the ditching direction to form a tip, so that ditching resistance is reduced; further, a wedge-shaped shaping part 12 is arranged behind the wedge-shaped ditching part 11, shaping inclined planes 121 connected with the ditching inclined planes 111 are arranged on two sides of the wedge-shaped shaping part 12, the width of the shaping inclined planes 121 on the two sides is reduced along the ditching direction, the width of the shaping inclined planes 121 at the two sides is increased from bottom to top, the width of the plow body is increased from the bottom surface of the furrow plow 1 to the top, the ditch wall is made to present a certain inclination angle to prevent soil from blocking the ditch, the ditching plows 1 on two sides are connected through the main shaft 2, the suspension arm assembly 3 comprises a suspension arm 31 and a shaft sleeve 32 arranged at the bottom of the suspension arm 31, the upper end of the suspension arm 31 is fixedly connected with the lower bedplate 82, the lower end of the suspension arm 31 is provided with the shaft sleeve 32, the main shaft 2 realizes shaft sleeve fixation through the shaft sleeve 32 on the suspension arm 31, and the land preparation part 5 further comprises a soil pressing plate 51 and a triangular ditching plow 52 welded at the bottom of the soil pressing plate 51. The rear end of the ditching plow 1 is also matched with an angle adjusting mechanism 4, the angle adjusting mechanism 4 comprises a hydraulic cylinder suspension joint 41, an angle adjusting oil cylinder 42 and a plow body rear frame 43, one end of the angle adjusting oil cylinder 42 is fixedly connected with a lower platen 82 on the frame through the hydraulic cylinder suspension joint 41, the other end of the angle adjusting oil cylinder is connected with the plow body rear frame 43, at the moment, one end of the ditching plow 1 and the suspension arm assembly 3 form rotatable shaft sleeve connection, the other end of the ditching plow is fixedly connected with the plow body rear frame 43, and hydraulic power is transmitted through the angle adjusting oil cylinder 42 to realize the angle control of the plow body.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the soil preparation part 5 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 2 through a soil compacting plate fixing frame 7, the soil compacting plate fixing frame 7 comprises a plate bolt 71 and a fixing frame 72, one end of the plate bolt 71 is hinged with the upper end of the soil compacting plate 51, the other end of the plate bolt is fixedly connected with the main shaft 2, and the lower end of the soil preparation part 5 is connected with the main shaft 2 through a soil compacting adjusting mechanism 6. The soil compacting adjusting mechanism 6 comprises a spring limiting pin 61, a tension spring 62, a limiting plate 63, a spring pressing shaft 64 and a pressing spring 65, wherein the tension spring 62 and the pressing spring 65 are sleeved on the spring pressing shaft 64, the spring pressing shaft 64 passes through the limiting plate 63 hinged on the main shaft 2 for limiting, specifically, the lower end of the spring pressing shaft 64 is hinged with the soil compacting plate 51, the middle part of the spring pressing shaft is in sliding connection with a hole of the limiting plate 63, the upper end of the pressing spring 65 is connected to the lower side surface of the limiting plate 63, and the lower end of the pressing spring 65 is connected to the spring limiting pin 61 positioned at the lower end of the spring pressing shaft 64; similarly, the upper end of the tension spring 62 is connected to the spring limiting pin 61 located at the upper end of the elastic pressing shaft 64, and the lower end is connected to the upper side of the limiting plate 63, so that the purpose of adjusting the soil pressing angle and the soil pressing force of the soil pressing plate 51 can be achieved by installing the spring limiting pin 61 at different hole positions on the elastic pressing shaft 64.
In this embodiment, the upper platen 81 and the lower platen 82 of the lifting rack 8 are fixedly connected by the lifting mechanism 9, and the lifting mechanism 9 includes two sets of scissor assemblies symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting adjusting cylinder 10, so as to improve the stability of the lifting mechanism 9. Any scissor assembly comprises two scissor frames 91, the scissor frames 91 are hinged in pairs, one end of each scissor frame is hinged to a sliding block 92, the other end of each scissor frame is hinged to a fixing joint 94, the hinging modes of the upper end and the lower end of each scissor frame 91 are opposite, the sliding block 92 and a guide rail 93 form a movable sliding structure, at the moment, under the hydraulic action of a lifting adjusting oil cylinder 10, the upper bedplate 81 and the lower bedplate 82 of the lifting rack 8 can realize vertical-up vertical-down type relative displacement, the upper bedplate 81 is fixedly connected with the seeder, and working components including the furrow plough 1 move along with the displacement of the lower bedplate 82 to achieve furrow depth adjustment in the operation process, so that the scissor assembly is suitable for high-clearance crawler-type seeders.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeder is characterized by comprising a ditching plow (1), a lifting rack (8) and a land preparation component (5), wherein the lifting rack (8) comprises a lower bedplate (82), a lifting structure and an upper bedplate (81) connected with the seeder, two ends of the lifting structure are connected with the upper bedplate (81) and the lower bedplate (82), the ditching plow (1) and the land preparation component (5) are installed on the lower side of the lower bedplate (82), and the land preparation component (5) is arranged between the ditching plow (1).
2. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lifting structure is a scissor-fork type lifting mechanism (9) comprising a lifting adjusting cylinder (10) and at least one set of scissor fork assemblies, each scissor fork assembly comprises two sliding blocks (92), two scissor fork frames (91) hinged to each other and two guide rails (93) respectively mounted on the upper platen (81) and the lower platen (82), wherein two ends of one scissor fork frame (91) are hinged to the lower platen (82) and the upper platen (81), two ends of the other scissor fork frame (91) are hinged to the sliding blocks (92), the sliding blocks (92) are in sliding connection with the guide rails (93), and two ends of the lifting adjusting cylinder (10) are connected to the upper platen (81) and the lower platen (82).
3. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeding machine according to claim 2, wherein the group of scissor assemblies are two groups symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lifting adjusting cylinder (10).
4. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ditching plow (1) is of a hollow box structure, the front end of the bottom of the ditching plow (1) is provided with a wedge-shaped ditching portion (11), both sides of the wedge-shaped ditching portion (11) are provided with ditching slopes (111), and the bottom of the ditching slope (111) extends in a ditching direction to form a tip.
5. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeder as claimed in claim 4, wherein a wedge-shaped shaping part (12) is arranged on the ditching plow (1) behind the wedge-shaped ditching part (11), shaping inclined planes (121) connected with the ditching inclined planes (111) are arranged on two sides of the wedge-shaped shaping part (12), the width of the shaping inclined planes (121) on the two sides is in a decreasing trend along a ditching direction, and the width of the shaping inclined planes (121) on the two sides is in an increasing trend from bottom to top.
6. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeder as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a suspension arm assembly (3), a main shaft (2) and an angle adjusting mechanism (4) for driving the ditching plow (1) to rotate, wherein the suspension arm assembly (3) comprises a suspension arm (31) and a shaft sleeve (32) arranged at the bottom of the suspension arm (31), the upper end of the suspension arm (31) is fixedly connected with the lower bedplate (82), the lower end of the suspension arm is provided with the shaft sleeve (32), the main shaft (2) is matched with the shaft sleeve (32), and the ditching plow (1) is mounted at two ends of the main shaft (2).
7. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeder as claimed in claim 6, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism (4) comprises a hydraulic cylinder suspension joint (41), an angle adjusting cylinder (42) and a plough body rear frame (43), the hydraulic cylinder suspension joint (41) is mounted on the lower bedplate (82), one end of the angle adjusting cylinder (42) is hinged with the hydraulic cylinder suspension joint (41), the other end of the angle adjusting cylinder is hinged with the plough body rear frame (43), and two ends of the plough body rear frame (43) are connected with the ditching plough (1).
8. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeding machine according to claim 6, wherein the land preparation part (5) comprises a soil pressing plate (51), a triangle seed furrow plough (52) and a soil pressing adjusting mechanism (6), the triangle seed furrow plough (52) is installed on the soil pressing plate (51), the upper end of the soil pressing plate (51) is hinged with the main shaft (2), and the lower end controls soil pressing angle and soil pressing force through the soil pressing adjusting mechanism (6).
9. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-clearance crawler-type seeding machine according to claim 8, further comprising a soil compacting plate fixing frame (7), wherein the soil compacting plate fixing frame (7) comprises a plate bolt (71) and a fixing frame (72), one end of the fixing frame (72) is fixedly connected with the main shaft (2), and the other end of the fixing frame is hinged with the soil compacting plate (51) through the plate bolt (71).
10. The front-mounted ditching and land preparation device suitable for the high-ground-clearance crawler-type seeding machine according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the soil compacting adjusting mechanism (6) comprises a spring limiting pin (61), a tension spring (62), a limit plate (63), a spring pressing shaft (64) and a compression spring (65), the tension spring (62) and the compression spring (65) are sleeved on the spring pressing shaft (64), the spring pressing shaft (64) is in sliding connection with the limit plate (63) and is hinged with the soil compacting plate (51) at the lower end, both ends of the spring pressing shaft (64) are provided with a plurality of hole positions for the insertion of the spring limiting pin (61), the upper end of the compression spring (65) is connected to the lower side surface of the limit plate (63), the lower end of the compression spring is connected to the spring limiting pin (61) at the lower end of the spring pressing shaft (64), the upper end of the tension spring (62) is connected to the spring limiting pin (61) at the upper end of the spring pressing shaft (64), the lower end is connected to the upper side of the limit plate (63).
CN202110832525.1A 2021-07-22 2021-07-22 Front-mounted ditching and soil preparation device suitable for high-clearance crawler-type seeder Active CN113475180B (en)

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