SU67575A1 - Operator crane - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to driver valves with a spring-loaded regulator that establishes the magnitude of the pressure in the line, depending on the position of the crane handle. The aim of the invention is to improve such cranes by imparting to them the properties of automatically setting the time for filling the line with high pressure during tempering and the rate of discharge of the line during service braking. This is achieved by using a chamber which, by means of its pressure, acts on the diaphragm of the spring regulator, which is separated from the main line and communicated with it by a narrow, calibrated opening in the body of the isolation valve.

The drawing shows a diagram of the device of the proposed crane. The main parts of the crane are as follows: 1. The control head, which encloses the diaphragm Y, is loaded with a spring 2, connected by means of a pusher 19 and a rocker arm 3 with valves — excitatory 4 and atmospheric 5. The head is controlled by a handle 6, which is rigidly connected a glass of 7.

2. A feeding valve consisting of a piston 8, loaded with a spring W and connected with a spool 9; the piston 8 with its shank rests on small 12 and large // feed valves. spring loaded 2L

3. A throttle valve consisting of a piston 13 and a stop rod 14 loaded with a spring 15.

4. A tear-off valve (emergency braking) consisting of valve 16, p. leather seal 77 loaded with a spring 18.

In addition, the driver’s crane has two auxiliary bodies to facilitate brake control.

The supplementary feeding body of the first position, consisting of valve 25, levers 24 and 23, and pusher 22.

An organ for switching off a crane to an outlet consisting of a lever 27 and a ridge 26 of a crane handle.

The driver's crane has five positions of the crane handle.

First charge position and brake release. When the first position of the crane driver:

a) reports the main reservoir with the mainline; it is produced

charge and release pressure of the main tank;

b) after the end of charging or tempering, the crane automatically, without moving the crane handle, switches to service supply for pressure leakage in the line;

c) makes it possible to recharge the highway or give an impetus to pressure. nor with insufficient release of brakes in the composition;

d) turns off the atmospheric valve spring, which makes it possible to recharge the brake line.

The second position is service braking. In the second position, the driver’s crane:

a) discharges a master's degree, or at a service pace that is independent of the length of the line, both to full braking and to a stage of any size; b) feeds the line during braking, maintaining a constant pressure value of this stage.

The third position is overlapped. In this position, the driver's valve breaks the main line from the atmosphere and power.

The fourth position is non-operative braking. In this position, the knob of the faucet releases air from the main into the atmosphere to zero pace, service braking.

Fifth position - emergency braking. A large cross section crane discharges the main directly into the atmosphere.

When braking the train, the stop crane of the driver, regardless of the position of the handle, automatically cuts off the main supply from the main tank.

 The crane works in the following way, PM.

Zar dka and brake release. At the first position of the crane handle of the MACHINERY, the tooth of the crest 26 of the crane handle turns the lever 27 around the axis 28 and turns off the spring 29. Spring 2 loads the diaphragm, which, in turn, acts through the rod 9 on the rocker arm 5, loading the valves and 5.

Due to the arrangement of valves indicated in the diagram, the yoke 3, resting one shoulder on valve 5, presses it to the saddle, and the other end, resting on the valve stem 4 and overcoming the force of the spring 20, opens the valve. The air from the main tank through the open valve 4 then flows through cavity A and channel B into the over piston chamber B. Piston 8 moves to its lowest position, while the piston stem opens valves // and 12, and air from the main tank rushes into channel G Since, in this case, the pressure in chamber D is lower, the throttle valve 13 rises up and opens free air passage to the air line. In chamber D, the pressure through the calibrated orifice begins to increase. When the pressure under the diaphragm / is equal to the normal pressure of the line, the diaphragm will deflate and release the spring 20, which closes the valve 4 and stops air from entering the cavity A. The change in pressure in chamber D, both during tempering and so; and during deceleration, lags slightly behind the pressure change in the line due to the calibrated orifice, which is necessary in the case of tempering to provide increased pressure in the head of the composition and thereby acceleration from release, and in the case of deceleration to establish the rate of decrease in pressure. The pressures above and below the piston 8 are aligned through the calibrated orifice E, the piston moves upwards and the feed valves // and 12 are closed. With a large volume of the line and insufficient charging, the equilibrium of the piston 8 will be disturbed, and power will be supplied through the passage, which will be established automatically by the corresponding opening of the valves (I) and 12.

The same will happen in case of pressure leaks from the pipeline after its full charge. If, with a steady passage of air, the filling still goes slowly and the driver needs to speed up this process, then for this you need to click on the heads.

ku rod 22; while the lever 23 presses its end on the lever 24, which in turn presses the valve 25; Part of the air from chamber D will be released into the atmosphere, the spring 2 will load through the diaphragm / rocker 3 and the filling process will proceed further in the manner described above. The duration of the process of additional filling the line with the pressure of the main tank will depend on the amount of air expelled from the chamber D, which

turn depends on the duration of pressing the head of the rod 22. Thus, it is obviously possible to achieve any charge pressure in the line.,

At the first position of the valve handle, the excess versus normal pressure is not emitted into the atmosphere, because the spring 29, as mentioned above, is turned off by the lever 27 and the valve 5, regardless of the position of the rocker arm 5, will be air pressure pressed against the saddle.

Service position. When the driver's handle moves from the first to the second position, the spring 2 will reduce the pressure on the diaphragm /, therefore, the diaphragm will release the rocker 3. Since the tooth comb tooth does not act on the lever 27, the spring 29 will press on the valve 5 and by reducing the load on the CQ side of the rocker arm, the valve will open and release air from chamber L and 5 to the atmosphere. When this piston 8 due to the pressure difference goes up, the spool 9 will open the atmospheric channel and will release air from the pipeline into the atmosphere. From chamber D, the air through the calibrated orifice 31 will exit into the line at a constant rate depending on the volume of chamber D, the cross section of the orifice 31 and the force of the spring 15. The throttle valve 13, due to the pressure difference, goes down, compressing the spring 15, and sets the slot calibrate the passage of air from the main line into the atmosphere of a tempo equal to the discharge rate of chamber D. Since the latter is a constant value, the discharge rate

the highway will also be constant regardless of its size.

The discharge to the atmosphere will occur until the spring 2 overcomes the air pressure under the diaphragm /. At the same time, valve 5 will be put on its saddle and will stop the release of air from chamber B.

The piston 8 is lowered by the action of the spring 10, and the spool 9 will close the atmospheric window. There will be a stage of braking or full service braking, a review of the position of the driver's crane handle.

Overlap position. When translating the driver's crane handle to the third position, the cup 7 with its shoulder picks up the washer 30 and releases the diaphragm / from the load of the spring 2. At the same time, the second tooth of the crest of the handle 6 acts on the lever 27, which turns off the spring 29 in the manner described above the chamber is retained and there is no discharge or power.

Position of service non-acting braking. When the knob is set to the fourth position, the lever 27 releases the spring 29. The valve 5 opens, and due to the fact that the spring 2 does not affect the diaphragm /, the release of air into the atmosphere will occur at a service braking rate down to zero. At the request of the driver, the release of air can be terminated by moving the tap handle back to the third position.

Emergency braking

When the driver's crane handle is moved to the fifth position, the spring 2 remains in the off state. The valve 5 under the action of the spring 29 opens the air outlet from the chamber L and B to the atmosphere.

At the same time, the protrusion on the handle presses the shank of the valve 16 and, opening it, informs the wide passage with the atmosphere, and the discharge rate of chamber D in this case does not affect the discharge rate of the highway.

The driver at any time may, at its discretion, rearranging

the handle of the valve from the third to the third, to stop the release of air into the atmosphere, i.e., to set the pressure to the desired value.

The work of the crane driver at

discharging the main by the stop crane and

coupling a locomotive to a train with

empty highway

When the line is discharged by opening the stop-crane, the driver's crane performs the following work. In the main tap of the crane, due to the release of air through the stop crane, the pressure decreases; at the same time, the throttle valve 13 under the action of pressure in chamber D lowers and blocks the access of air to the line, therefore, no power is supplied through the valve //.

When stocking a charged locomotive to a composition with a foam line, the following will occur. The pressure from the chamber L, as well as from the main branch, will go to the rail line. At that moment, when the chamber D is empty and the pressure starts to increase in the main branch, the throttle valve will rise and inform the main tank with the main line with a full cross section. The filling of the highway will take place already described, in a higher way. If the emptying of chamber D is very slow, then the throttle valve can be accelerated by pressing the head of the rod 22.

P r d d eme of the invention

A driver's crane to control the operation of automatic air brakes, equipped with a spring-loaded pressure regulator as the primary organ, a double feed valve for filling the line, a device for jogging the line, an emergency discharge valve and a shut-off valve for stopping the line supply when braking from the train, characterized in that for automatically setting the time for filling the line with high pressure during tempering and for discharging the master Is the chamber D at a constant rate during service braking, in which the air pressure acts on the diaphragm of the spring regulator? communicates with the line through a calibrated orifice 31 in the sleeve of the isolating valve.

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