SU1749882A1 - Function analog-to-digital converter of images of parallel type - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an optoelectronic technique, in particular to an optoelectronic analog-to-digital converter, and can be used for parallel image processing. The aim of the invention is to expand the dynamic range of acceptable values of the intensity of the input images. To accomplish the goal, a matrix of light-controlled delay elements, optically coupled to optoelectro, trigger RS- and D-types is used. The basis for constructing the matrix and triggers is a photodetector with a field generation effect, characterized by a large dynamic range of allowable values of the intensity of the input light flux. 3 of p. F-ly, 7 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to an optoelectronic technique and can be used in image processing systems.

An analog-to-digital optical image converter is known, comprising a precision cathode ray tube with a focusing deflection system, a coordinate deflection unit, two photomultipliers, and an optical system.

The disadvantages of this device are low speed (image conversion is performed sequentially, point by point), limited scope, complexity of execution, high cost.

A known analog-to-digital image converter containing an optical input, an input light modulator that is optically coupled with a threshold device containing a photo-receiver array, an emitter array and threshold amplifiers, a threshold device output is connected to an image multiplier input, and are connected to the multiplier outputs optically controlled transparencies with memory, the latter and the modulator of the input light flux are controlled by electrical signals produced by electronic circuits oh management

The disadvantages of this converter are the limited dynamic range of the input luminance, the limited functionality and the area of its application.

The closest in technical essence is an analog-to-digital image converter that contains a source of collimated light flux with a linearly increasing intensity, a light coupling element, a threshold inverse optically controlled transparency, the input of which is connected with the output of the light coupling element, a multiplier of images with n-outputs , n optically controlled transparen (L

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with memory, optoelectronic gates, through the optical apertures of which the multiplier outputs are connected to the inputs of the respective memory banners, a control unit equipped with a permanent storage device, the reset output of which is connected to the control input of the source of a collimated light flux with a linearly increasing intensity, n control outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the optoelectronic shutters, and the synchronization output is connected to the control electrodes of the banners with a memory, and forming optical signal to completion of the measurement interval.

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited dynamic range of the allowable intensity of the input images.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the dynamic range of the permissible intensity of the input images.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in an analog-digital image converter containing a picture type optoelectronic unit for forming measurement intervals, the first input of which is a device picture input, a source of collimated light flux, the output of which is connected to the image type optical type unit measurement intervals, the output of which is associated with the input of the image multiplier, n outputs of which are associated with the optical inputs of the corresponding n op electronic gates, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding p picture memory elements, an electronic control unit equipped with a permanent storage device whose reset output is connected to a controllable input of a source of collimated luminous flux, the control outputs of which are connected to corresponding electrical inputs p optoelectronic gates, and the synchronization output to the control electrodes of the n picture memory elements; the source of the collimated light flux is pulsed; This peak intensity, picture-type optoelectronic unit for forming measurement intervals is made in the form of a matrix of light-controlled delay elements, an RS-type optoelectronic trigger type and a beam-splitting element, while the information picture input of the light-controlled delay element corresponds to the device's captine input blocking v, the normal input of the matrix of light-controlled delay elements is associated with the output of a picture-type optoelectronic RS-flip-flop, whose R-input is associated with yield source of collimated light flux and S-input - to the first output beam-splitting element, the second output of which corresponds to the output of the optoelectronic type for a block of picture forming izmeri0-negative intervals.

FIG. 1 shows a functional analog-to-digital image converter of a parallel type; Fig. 2 shows an element of the matrix of light-controlled delay elements; in fig. 3 is a diagram ij of a picture type optical RS-flip-flop element; in fig. 4 is a diagram of a kj element of a block of picture memory elements; in fig. 5 is a control block diagram; in fig. 6 - scheme

0 work converter; in fig. 7 is a timing diagram of the operation of the proposed converter.

The functional analog-to-digital image converter of the parallel type (FACP PT) (Fig. 1) contains a block

1 control (control unit 1), optoelectronic unit

2 pattern type for forming measurement intervals, block 3 picture memory elements (BKP 3), consisting of n

0 picture elements 4 (CEP41-CEP4P) of memory, each of which has 5i-5n optical picture outputs, which are picture output devices, control inputs 6 and optical picture inputs

5 7i-7n, as well as image multiplier 8 (MI 8) with one optical input 9 and p optical outputs 10 i-10n, block 11 of optoelectronic gates (BOE 11), consisting of p optoelectronic gates

0 0312i-0312n, the first terminals of which are connected to the common bus, and the second terminals are the control inputs of the optoelectronic gates and are connected to the 1st to the nth outputs of the CU 1, the optoelectronic

5 block 2 of a picture type for forming measurement intervals consisting of a matrix of light-controlled delay elements 14 (MEAZ 14) with a blocking picture input 15, information picture optical inputs 16 and output 17, optical RS-trigger 18 (RS 18) picture type with an optical picture S-BXO-house 19 installation and an R-input 20 reset and optical picture output 21, which is optically connected with the forbidding optical input 15 of MEEZ 14, the source 22 of a plane-parallel pulsed light flux (ICP 22), the optical picture output of which connected to the optical input 20 R- reset RS 18, and the control

the input 23 of the SME 22 is connected to the (n + 1) th output of the CU 1, the optical output 17 of the MUEZ 14 is connected via a splitter 24 with two outputs to the optical S-input 19 RS 18 and through a reflector with an optical input 9 MI 8, the outputs 10i 10n of which, via optical apertures of the corresponding optoelectronic gates 0312i-0312n, BOE 11 are connected to optical inputs 7i-7n of the corresponding CEP41-CEP4P, the control inputs 6 of which are connected to the (n + 2) th output of the CU 1.

In the proposed converter, the components of an optoelectronic gate unit, a matrix of light-controlled delay elements, an optical RS-type flip-flop are implemented on the same universal element — a photodetector.

25c by the field generation effect (BP 25) (Fig. 2-4).

MEAZ 14 contains nxm elements, each of which includes a photodetector with a field generation effect (hereinafter referred to as a photodetector), the first output of which is connected to the power bus, the second output of the photoreceiver is connected to the cathode of the photodiode, the anode of which is connected to the zero potential bus and the first output of the capacitor, the second output of which is connected to the third output of the photodetector and the anode of the light emitter, the cathode of which is connected to the zero potential bus through a resistor. The optical input of the photodetector is the information input of the light-controlled delay element, the optical input of the photodiode is the inhibitory optical input, and the optical output of the light emitter is the optical pulse output of the light-controlled delay element. The set of optical inputs of photodetectors of a matrix of light-controlled delay elements is the information optical picture input of the matrix, the set of optical inputs of photodiodes of the light-controlled delay elements is a prohibiting optical picture input of the matrix, and the set of optical pulse outputs of the light-controlled delay elements is the optical picture pulse output of the matrix.

The element of the matrix 14 light-controlled delay elements (MEAZ 14ij) (Fig. 2) contains a photodiode BP 25, the first output

26 which is connected to the power bus (Eupit), the second output 27 of the PSU 25 is connected to the cathode of the photodiode (PD) 28, the anode of which is connected to the zero potential bus and the first output of the capacitor (C) 29, the second output of which is connected to the third output 30 of the BP 25 and the anode of the light emitter (SI) 31, whose cathode through a resistor (R) 32 is connected to the zero potential bus. The optical input 33 of the PSU 25 is the information input of the MEAZ 14ij, the optical input 34 of the FD 28 is the inhibitory optical input, and the optical output 35 of the SI 31 is the optical pulse output of the MEEZ 14ij. Optical combination

the inputs 33 of the PSU 25 of the elements ij of the MEAZ 14 is the information optical picture input 16 of the MEAZ 14 and the information input of the FACPI PT. The set of optical inputs 34 FD 28 elements ij MEAZ 14

is the forbidden picture input 15 of the MEAZ 14, and the set of optical pulse outputs 35 of the elements ij of the MEAZ 14 is the optical picture output 17 of the MEEZ 14

The dependence of time on the removal of the inhibit signal of the matrix of light-controlled delay elements until the appearance of the output pulse of the photodetector Tzad from the input intensity and

the capacitance values of capacitor C are presented in FIG. 7

Optical RS flip-flop 18 picture type (RS 18) contains n m optical discrete RS-flip-flops, each of which

includes a photodetector, the first output of which is connected to the power bus, the second output of the photoreceiver is connected to the cathode of the photodiode, the anode of which is connected to the zero potential bus, with which

the resistor is connected to the cathode of the light emitter, the anode of which is connected to the third output of the photodetector. The optical input of the photodetector is the information optical S-input of the RS-type flip-flop, the optical input of the photodiode is the information optical R-input of the RS-type flip-flop, and the optical output of the optical emitter is the optical output of the RS-type flip-flop and is optically connected with optical input of photodetector.

Scheme ij of an optical RS-type picture trigger (RS 18h) (Fig. 3)

contains a photodetector BP 25, the first output 26 of which is connected to the power bus (Eupit), and the second output 27 - with the cathode, the anode of which is connected to the tire of zero potential, with which through the register (R)

32, the cathode of the light emitter (SI) 31, the anode of which is connected to the third output 30 of the PSU 25, is connected. In this case, the optical input of the PSU 25 is the information optical S input 33 of the RS 18ij element, the optical input of the PD 28 is the information optical R-sxoflon. 34 of the RS 18ij, and the optical output 35 of the SI 31 is the optical output of the RS 18ij and optically coupled to the optical input of the PSU 25. The set of information optical S-inputs 33 of the RS 18ij is an information optical S-input 19 RS 18, the set Information optical R-inputs 34 of the elements of the RS 18ij is an information optical R-input of the 20 RS 18, and the set of optical outputs 35 of the elements of the RS 18ij is the optical output 21 of the RS 18.

The block of picture memory elements (BKP 3) contains, as a memory element, an optical D-trigger consisting of a photodetector, the first output of which is connected to the control power supply bus, the second output of the photoreceiver is connected to the anode of the light emitter, the cathode of which is connected to the bus zero potential. In this case, the set of optical inputs of the photodetector is the information optical D-input of the optical D-flip-flop, the set of optical outputs of the light emitter is the optical output of the optical D-flip-flop, and the control power supply bus is the control input of the picture memory element.

The kj element of block 3 of picture memory elements 4i (CEP 4) (Fig. 4) contains a photodetector, the first output 26 of which is connected to the control power bus, and the third output 30 to the anode of the light emitter (SI) 31, the cathode of which is connected to bus zero potential. At the same time, the optical input 33 of the PSU 25 is the information optical D-input of the CEP 4ikj element, the optical output 35 of the SI 31 is the ith optical output 5 of the FACIP. The set of optical inputs 33 of the CEP 4ikj elements are information optical D-inputs 71-7p BKPZ CEP 4i-n, the set of optical outputs 35 of the elements of CEP 4ikj are optical outputs 5i-5n OCP 3 CEP 4i-n FACIP PT, and the control bus 6, the power supply is the control input 27 of the PSU 25 of the CEP 4ikj elements of the block 3 picture memory elements.

The control unit 1 (CU 1) (FIG. 5) contains a clock generator (TG) 37, the control input of which is the control input 36 of the FACIP PT, and the output of the TG 37 is connected to the counting input of the counter (SC) 38, the output of which is connected with the address inputs of the persistent storage device (ROM) 39, the outputs of which are determined by the firmware of the ROM 39 and are control outputs 13.23 and 6 blocks

controls that are respectively connected to the control inputs of the optoelectronic gates, to the control input of the plane-parallel pulsed light flux source and to the control electrodes of the picture memory elements.

In addition, the image multiplier 8 (Ml / I 8) contains p prisms with translucent reflectors and has one

parallel optical input 9 and p optical outputs 10i-10n, each of which through optoelectronic gates 0312h-0312P, respectively, is connected to optical inputs 7- | -7p corresponding

picture elements CEP41-CEP4P memory. In addition, the optoelectronic gate unit 11 (BOZ 11) contains n optoelectronic gates 0312i-0312n, the first terminals of which are connected to the common bus, and the second terminals are control inputs of the optoelectronic gates and connected to the outputs 13 of the control unit.

FATSPI PT works as follows.

Suppose that at the initial instant of time the optical RS-trigger 18 of the picture type was in a certain state. At the time of the supply of the control signal from the output 23 of the CU 1, the ICP 22 is turned on, at its

an optical short pulse 20 appears over the entire optical aperture of the RS-type flip-flop 18, which leads to the disappearance of the optical single signal at the optical output

15 RS-flip-flops 18 and, respectively, at the prohibiting inputs of the MEAZ 14. The signal at the prohibiting input of any individual element of the MUES 14 is removed and as a result, the photodiode current is almost reduced to dark current and the current of the photoreceiver substrate (BP) of the MEAZ 14 element does not prohibit operation device information input (input intensity). As a result, after a certain time

after the prohibition signal is removed under the influence of the input signal of a certain intensity level, the corresponding charge accumulates in the PSU and after a time inversely proportional to the input intensity level, the PSU on its load generates a short optical pulse. Time oi of the prohibition signal removal until the output pulse of the PSU G3ad depends from the input intensity and from the capacitance value of the capacitor C, as shown in FIG. 7

Since a light emitter (SI) is used as a load, the corresponding optical outputs 9 of the MNEA 14 will

Optical short pulses are formed, the times of occurrence with respect to the signal 23 with the CU 1 will be uniquely associated with the corresponding intensity levels at the optical information input of the MUES 14 of the picture type optoelectronic unit 2 for forming measurement intervals:

Gzad (UHK (C, n) / lBx (i.j).

where Gzad (i. j) is the relative trigger time before the appearance of an optical pulse at the output (i, j) -ro of the element of the MEAZ 14;

K (C, P) is a constant depending on the capacitance C of the capacitor (i, j) -ro of the element of the MEAZ 14 and the parameter P (power supply voltage);

in (1, j) is the input intensity (i, j) -ro of the element of the MEA3 14.

After the appearance of the optical pulse at the output (i, j) -ro of the element MEAZ 14, this optical pulse, arriving at the corresponding optical S-input of the RS flip-flop 18, sets it in a single state, and the appearance of the optical single pulse at the output 15 blocks by illuminating the PD, the operation of the corresponding element of the MEAZ 14 until the appearance of the next single pulse from the output 23 of the CU 1. This is due to the fact that the FD is illuminated by the optical output 15 of the RS flip-flop 18, its current increases and the current of the BP substrate increases so much that it accumulates e rassasyvayuts charges on the common bus through the illuminated PD. In addition, at the moment of launching MUZ 14 by a signal 6 from the output of the CU 1, the picture elements of the memory of the OPF 3 were reset by removing the control supply from the control power supply bus for the duration of the trigger pulse 23, after which the supply voltage was applied to the OPF 3 elements , but since at their inputs there are no signals at the initial moment of time, the states of these picture elements of the BKP 3 correspond to zero, i.e. the light emitters of these picture elements are in an unexcited state. Assume that at the input of (1, j) -roelement of MEAZ 14 there will be an input intensity Bx (i, j), which corresponds to the appearance of impulse 9 through gzad (i, j). As a result, this optical pulse 9 will be propagated by MI 8 and at the same time, equal to gzad (i, j), is applied to the n picture elements of the memory of the BKP 3 at address (i, j) through the corresponding gates of BOE 11. Since the optoelectronic gates BOE 11 can be in two states (they can pass an optical pulse or not pass), which is determined by signals 10 and 13, then only those elements of the BKP 3, whose optoelectronic shutters will be opened by an optical pulse passing through them 7- | -7п, affecting the optical inputs of the respective elements of the BKP 3, will be transferred to the excited state (single) and fix it to the next reset signal 6 from the control unit 1 at the outputs 5i-5n of the FATSPI PT (the operation of the FATsP1 / 1 PT is shown in FIG.

6).

The firmware of the ROM determines the law of dividing the time interval of conversion into m intervals and thereby forms binary sequences in

time signal 7i-7n (i.e., signals Zi Z.p, where 3i is the output state of the element BOE 11). FIG. 6 The law of partitioning the time interval of the conversion is binary. Conversion cycle time

TCy / i is defined as

Ttsikl Trr + Tsbr,

where Ttsikl - cycle time of the clock generator TG 37;

TPR - active conversion time

which is equal to

TPRE T; i 1

n - the number of picture outputs 5i-5n FATSPI PT,

tc6p reset time. The firmware of the ROM is presented in the table where An + mi is the current address of the ROM cell, n is the number of TG 37 cycles required for the inclusion of the FATSPI PT circuit; t, is the number of TG37 cycles, determined from FIG. 6 by the formula t1 A, where A T | / TG, rounded to a larger integer, obtained from dividing T by T,

i 1, 8; mg is the number of TG 37 cycles required to enable the FACPI PT scheme

Changes with the help of firmware in ROM splitting the time interval of conversion into m segments and form

Thus, binary sequences in time of advantageous signals of elements BOE 11 (3i ... 3n), it is easy to carry out any functional conversion of the intensity of the optical image into a code. If a

along the intensity axis (Fig. 6), to divide the input intensity Bx into m uniform sections, then, having found the corresponding times on the time axis, it is easy to determine the corresponding moments

time (addresses of the ROM), on which it is necessary to change the output signals of the ROM (3i .3n). In addition, without changing these points in time (ROM address), but by changing the signal level 3 (- on a specific section of the time axis (or firmware ROM), you can

to the same range of illumination put in correspondence different code combinations and thereby carry out the conversion according to any functional law,

Performing a picture-type optoelectronic unit for forming measurement intervals based on an array of light-controlled delay elements with an inversely proportional dependence of the delay time on the input intensity makes it possible to expand the range of input intensities to lower ones, which are easier to distinguish as the delay time increases.

Claims (1)

Claim 1. Functional analog-digital image converter of parallel type, containing picture type optoelectronic unit for forming measurement intervals, the first input of which is a picture input of the device, source of collimated light flux, the output of which is connected to the second input of picture type optoelectronic unit for forming measuring intervals, the output of which is connected with the input of the image multiplier, and the outputs of which are connected with optical inputs corresponding n optoelectronic gates, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding n picture memory elements, an electronic control unit equipped with a permanent storage device, the reset output of which is connected to a controllable input of a source of collimated light flux, the n control outputs of which are connected to the corresponding electrical the optoelectronic gate inputs, and the synchronization output, to the control electrodes of the picture memory elements, which, in order to expand the permissible intensity values of the input images, the source of the collimated light flux is pulsed with a constant peak intensity, the picture-type optoelectronic unit for forming measurement intervals is made in the form of a matrix of light-control delay elements, an picture-type optoelectronic trigger and a beam-splitting element, This information picture entry matrix of light-controlled delay elements corresponds to the picture input of the device, prohibiting The picture matrix input of the light-controlled delay elements is connected to the output of a picture-type optoelectronic RS trigger, the R input of which is connected to the output of a source of collimated light flux, the S input to the first output of the beam-splitting element, the second output of which corresponds to the output of an optoelectronic unit picture type for forming measurement intervals. 2, the converter according to claim 1, wherein the matrix includes light-controlled delay elements comprising n elements, each of which includes a photodetector with a field generation effect, the first output of which is connected to the power bus, the second output of the photodetector with the field generation effect is connected to the cathode of the photodiode, the anode of which is connected to the zero potential bus and the first output of the capacitor, the second output of which is connected to the third output of the photodetector with the field generation effect and the anode of the light emitter, whose cathode through a resistor is connected to a zero potential bus, while the set of optical inputs of photodetectors with field generation effect of all matrix elements of light-controlled delay elements is the information picture input of the latter, the set of photodiode inputs of all matrix elements is the last image inhibiting input, and the set of outputs of all elements emitters matrix - picture output last. 3. The converter according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the optoelectronic RS-flip-flop of the picture type contains n m optoelectronic discrete RS-flip-flops, each of which includes a photo receiver with a field generation effect, the first terminal of which is connected to the power bus, a second terminal of the photodetector with a field generation effect connected to the cathode of the photodiode, the anode of which is connected to the zero potential bus, connected via a resistor to the cathode of the light emitter, the anode of which is connected to the third output of the photodetector with the field generation effect, while the optical inputs of the photoreceivers with the field generation effect of all optoelectronic discrete RS-triggers are composed of are S-input optoelectronic RS-flip-flop of the picture type, the inputs of the photodiodes of all optoelectronic discrete RS-flip-flops constitute the R-input of the optoelectronic RS-trigger of the picture type, and the outputs of the light emitters of all optoelectronic discrete RS-flip-flops constitute the output Optoelectronic RS-type trigger 4 The transducer according to claim 1 is different in that each of the picture memory elements is made in the form of an optoelectronic D-trigger containing a photodetector with a field generation effect, the first output of which is connected to the control power supply bus, the second output to the anode light emitter cathode connected to the zero potential bus, the set of optical inputs of photodetectors with field generation effect of all picture memory elements is the D input of an optoelectronic D-flip-flop, the set of outputs of light emitters of all picture memory elements is an output of an optoelectronic D-flip-flop, and The power bus is the control input to the picture memory elements. R From 29 3 I five Yezz  .f f3 & / "j FIG. 2  $ Jtyj Fig.Z FIG 4 LUIiMlHilHllllllj T, y + tc $ p FIG b