SU1733121A1 - Arrangement for separating small-size ground and vegetable parts from root and vegetable crop - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an agricultural machinery industry, namely to working bodies for separating impurities from root crops during their harvesting and post-harvest processing. The device comprises an inclined screening surface 1 formed by horizontal rollers 2 rotating at different speeds. Each second pair of counter rotating rollers is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the screening surface of the device. The upper roller 6 is located directly behind the feed conveyor 3, and its rotational direction is the same as that of the conveyor belt 3. The counter-rotating rollers 2 are separated from the treated impurity product stream, while the separation is carried out without intersecting the trajectories of movement of dissimilar components. 3 hp f-ly, 9 ill. (L С% j со со

Description

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The invention relates to an agricultural machinery industry, namely to working bodies for separating impurities from root crops during their harvesting and post-harvest processing.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of separation of impurities from root crops.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the device, side view; in fig. 2-4 are variants of the arrangement of smooth counter-rotating rolls; in fig. 5-8 are variants of the arrangement of smooth rolls with fingers; in fig. 9 is a diagram of a hill formed by elliptical rolls.

The device comprises an inclined slide 1, made in the form of a screening surface formed by horizontal counter rotating rollers 2, and conveyors 3, 4, 5, respectively, for loading the mass to the treatment and for withdrawing the processed product and isolated impurities. In this case, the loading conveyor 3 is made with a smooth canvas (belt or bar without blades). The upper roller 6 of the hill 1 is located directly from the feed conveyor 3, and its direction of rotation is the same as the direction of rotation of the rollers of the feed conveyor 3. For processing different products there can be a different arrangement of the rollers 2 of the hill 1. (carrot, etc.) suggests that the angle of inclination of the slide be smaller than the angle / 3 of inclination of a pair of counter-rotating rolls (Fig. 2); for processing rounded root crops (potato tubers), the angle of the anakgon of the hill is recommended Is larger than the angle / Znaklona of a pair of counter-rotating rolls (Fig. 3), for processing conical non-fruit korg (sugar beet), the inclination angles fh may be larger and smaller than the inclination angle of the slide (Fig. 4). When the content of plant impurities in the treated mass is more than 5%, it is recommended to use a slide containing rolls with a finger surface (Fig. 5-8). For processing root crops associated with root crops (carrots, beets, etc., mechanically harvested), it is advisable to use a slide formed by elliptical rollers (Fig. 9).

The design parameters of the device are selected depending on the product being processed. The gap can be adjusted between 0.3 and 5.0 mm; rolls are removable, their diameter is 60-90 mm, the length of rubber fingers is 30-50 mm, their diameter is 3.0-20 mm and the angle of inclination of the slide is 20-40 °; angle / 3 pair slope

counter-rotating rolls 4-80 °; roll rotational speed of 90-250 rpm, and the linear speed of the working surfaces of adjacent rolls differs by 10-70%. Rolls can be spring loaded and trimmed.

The device works as follows.

The feed conveyor 3 directs the mass to the hill 1. The counter-rotating rolls pick up and separate small soil and vegetable impurities from the stream onto the conveyor 5, and the roots get off the hill 1 to the conveyor 4. The direction of rotation of the roll 6 does not prevent the flow from coming off conveyor 3 on the hill at any of its location. Using different layout arrangements of the rolls 2 in the slide 1 and using the rolls with a finger-like surface, a high separation capacity of the device can be achieved in various production conditions with low product damage. The optimal arrangement of the rolls is determined experimentally in practice.

The position of the elliptical roll interaction zone during operation varies in space. Therefore, such rolls should be used in the treatment of root crops with associated plant impurities, since this process occurs with elements of the wobbling and separation of plant impurities from the root crops.

The high separation capacity of the device is explained by the lack of oncoming flows of the components to be separated, as well as the constant presence of the rolls in the working state due to their self-cleaning due to the difference in their linear speeds. Low damages (up to 2%) are explained by the absence of drops during the transfer of products from conveyor 3 to slide 1 and from slide 1 to conveyor 4. After processing, conveyors 4, 5 remove roots and impurities from the device, respectively, and direct them to purpose.

Claims (4)

1. A device for separating small soil and vegetable impurities from root fruits, including an inclined screening surface in the form of horizontal rolls installed with the possibility of rotation, and a loading device, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of separation of impurities from root crops, loading is made in the form of a conveyor with a smooth belt, and the rolls are made with the possibility of counter-rotation at different speeds, the direction of rotation of the upper roll coinciding with the direction of movement of the conveyor belt, each second pair of counter-rotating rolls being offset in a direction perpendicular to the plane screening device surface. 0 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface of the rolls is made with fingers. 3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the rollers arranged with a finger surface are arranged next to each other in the direction of loading of the device. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the rolls is made in the form of an ellipse. FIA.2 fie.Z AL d «d Rig. 7 OL FIG. 9