SU1256716A1 - Cascade separator of admixtures from root vegetables - Google Patents

Description

2. A separator according to claim. Characterized in that the separation unit for small soil impurities and plant residues is made in the form of a horizontal bar conveyor located in front of a finger hill.

3. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the block for separation of large-sized impurities and the fodder fraction is provided with two

one

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, devices for separating impurities (shallow soil, plant residues, large stones and earth strata, commensurate root stones and lumps) from root crops, mainly potato tubers, the invention is intended for post harvest and preplant items processing of root crops.

A device for separating impurities from root and tuber crops is known, which contains an inclined toe-thumb for isolating small soil and vegetable impurities 1.

A disadvantage of this device is the incomplete processing of the heap and the separation of one of the types of impurities from the root and tuber crops in one device.

A device is known comprising a block for separating small soil impurities, a block for separating large-sized impurities and a small fodder fraction, equipped with rotating separating discs, and a block for separating soil lumps and stones, equipped with a conveyor 2.

In this device, the separation units of all kinds of impurities are placed separately from each other, the directions of rotation of the elements and their arrangement are disordered, the zones of waste impurities are located in different places due to the installed arrangement of the structural elements of the blocks. These design flaws make it difficult to collect all types of impurities in one zone and lead to the appearance of additional elements for transporting each type of impurities.

To separate the impurities and root crops of the main flow, a pile conveyor is required to be fed by a drum conveyor to be fed to the appropriate separation units for stones (lumps) and root crops. This causes the complexity of the design and increased material consumption.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of separation of impurities by operating the separating discs, the gaps between the upper row discs being larger than the gaps between the lower row discs. 4. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gathering trays, respectively, of small soil and vegetable impurities, large-sized impurities, stones and lumps are located above the by-pass conveyor of impurities.

physical performance and simplified construction.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a cascade separator of impurities from root and tuber crops, containing a block for separating small soil impurities and plant residues, blocks for separating large impurities and the fodder fraction, having rotating separating discs, a block for separating soil lumps and stones, equipped with a finger conveyor, removal conveyor impurities and trays, the block for separation of large-sized impurities and the fodder fraction is located under the block for the separation of small soil impurities and plant residues, and Lok separating soil clods and stones placed under the block separating large impurities and forage fraction, wherein the small separating block provided with finger-type soil contaminants slide.

In addition, the block for the separation of small soil impurities and plant residues is made in the form of a horizontal bar conveyor located in front of a finger slide.

The separation unit for large-sized impurities and the fodder fraction is provided with two rows of separating discs, with the gaps between the upper row discs being larger than the gaps between the lower row discs.

Trays of gathering, respectively, of small soil and vegetable impurities, large-sized impurities, stones and lumps are located above the branch conveyor of impurities.

The device operates according to the principle of cascade placement of blocks for the separation of different types of impurities and the formation of corresponding fractions.

FIG. 1 shows schematically the proposed cascade separator of impurities from root and tuber crops; in fig. 2 - the same, in two-block execution.

The cascade separator contains a block 1 for separating small soil impurities and

crop residues, block 2 of separation of large-sized impurities and the forage fraction, block 3 of separation of soil lumps and stones and a bypass conveyor of 4 impurities. The unit for separating small soil impurities and plant residues is provided with a bar conveyor 5 for receiving a pile and pre-separating small soil impurities and an inclined finger hill 6 for separating small soil impurities and plant residues. Under the bar conveyor 5 and under the upper zone of the slide 6, a tray 7 is installed for the removal of impurities separated in block 1. In the lower zone of the slide 6 there is a tray 8 for directing the previously cleaned flow of the pile to the block 2. The block 2 is equipped with the upper 9 and lower 10 rotating separating discs. The upper discs 9 have enlarged gaps and serve to separate large-sized impurities (soil layers, large stones). The lower discs 10 have reduced gaps and serve for the passage of the fodder fraction. At the same time, the gaps between the lower disks 10 are somewhat larger than the gaps of the bar conveyor 5. At the exit of the upper disks 9, a tray 11 is installed for the gathering of large-sized impurities. At the outlet of the lower discs 10, a tray 12 is installed for collecting the main flow of a pile containing proportional roots and impurities (stones and lumps). Next to tray 12, a tray 13 is installed to direct the main stream down to block 3. Under the lower disks 10, there is an unloading transverse conveyor 14 for draining the feed fraction and trays 15. Block 3 is equipped with a finger conveyor 16 for pre-dividing the pile according to the conditions of penetration into the fingertip the surface of root crops and stones (lumps), the coefficients of their friction and the shape of the surfaces. At the exit of the finger conveyor 16, a device separating the components of the pile is installed, for example a resetter 17, and a brush absorber 18 of the speed of fall. Below extinguisher 18, a tray 19 is installed for removal of stones and lumps on the conveyor of 4 impurities and the unloading conveyor 20 for removal of sorted root crops.

The device works as follows.

A heap of root crops, stones and lumps is fed in the direction of the arrow A on

rod conveyor 5, through which partially small soil impurities pass. Then the pile enters the finger hill 6. Small soil impurities and plant residues are captured by the fingers of slide 6, are directed upwards and dumped on tray 7. The main part of the pile rolls in the direction of arrow B. Screens can be installed above the slide - heaps of fall rate of the pile. From tray 8

The pile gets on the upper discs 9, which have gaps, for example, for potatoes 100-120 mm. Bulky impurities are passed in the direction of the arrow B along the upper discs 9 and fall onto the trays 11. Progress

through the gaps of the upper discs 9, the roots and proportioned impurities enter the lower discs 10 and move them in the direction of the arrow G. The lower discs 10 have reduced clearances. Root crops of the factional fraction pass through the gaps of the lower discs 10 and are conveyed by the conveyor 14. The main part of the pile rolls down the trays 12 and 13 and falls to the entrance of the finger conveyor 16. where the components are previously divided by the difference in properties

friction coefficients and surface shapes. The components of the pile are moved in the direction of the arrow D. Root crops are fed with a dumper 17 to the absorber 18 and then to the conveyor 20. Stones and lumps fall on the bypass conveyor 4.

The proposed device makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the separation of impurities by using several blocks specialized in separating different types of impurities by arranging the blocks

one above the other in a predetermined sequence, by placing the elements of the blocks in such a way that all kinds of impurities are directed in one direction. Separation of the components of the heap allows to improve the performance of the device, to create conditions for separate and better processing of the corresponding flow of the heap.

The arrangement of blocks of separation of different types of impurities one above the other allows to simplify the design, reduce the production area, reduce the number of by-pass conveyors of impurities, concentrating all the impurities on one by-pass conveyor located under the lower block m.

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Claims (4)

1. Cascade separator of impurities from root crops, containing a unit for separating small soil impurities and plant residues, a unit for separating large-sized impurities and fodder fractions, having rotating separating disks, a unit for separating soil lumps and stones, equipped with a finger conveyor, an outlet conveyor and impurities conveyor characterized in that. that, in order to increase the efficiency of separating impurities, operating performance and simplifying the design, the unit for separating large-sized impurities and feed fraction is located under the unit for separating small soil impurities and plant residues, and the unit for separating soil lumps and stones is placed under the unit for separating large-sized impurities and feed fraction, moreover, the block of separation of 3 small soil impurities is equipped with a finger hill. SU „> 1256716 FIG! 2. The separator by π. ., characterized in that the unit for separation of small soil impurities and plant residues is made in the form of a horizontal bar conveyor located in front of a finger slide. 3. The separator by π. 1, characterized in that the unit for separating large-sized impurities and feed fraction is provided with two rows of separating disks, and the gaps between the disks of the upper row are larger than the gaps between the disks of the lower row. 4. The separator by π. 1, characterized in that the gathering trays, respectively, of small soil and plant impurities, large-sized impurities, stones and lumps are located above the discharge impurity conveyor.