RU2539920C1 - Device for separation of flow of round-oval objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering. The device comprises a receiving inclined conveyor with the shock-absorbing surface, the receiving absorber of flow rate, the input separating unit with a set of disks with minimum separating gaps, the subsequent separating unit, the flow activators, the deflection plates under the separating units and sack chutes for calibrated fractions. The subsequent separating unit comprises the upper and lower separating modules which are mounted in cascade above one another so that the module located higher comprises larger separating gaps, than the module located lower. The receiving absorber of flow rate is located with the gap above the receiving conveyor and is made in the form of a set of independently rotating sections on the axis, each of which is provided with shock-absorbing outer elements.

EFFECT: regimen of moderation of receiving multilayer flow of objects is provided from the feeding device, uniform flow distribution, the efficiency of separation of fractions by size, reduction of energy consumption and metal consumption of the device, and also avoiding piling of large objects at the outlet of the upper separation unit.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for separating the flow of objects of rounded oval shape, mainly potato tubers in the sorting lines of agricultural products.

A device for separating a tuberiferous stream, comprising a conveyor and an activator acting on the flow (A. St. No. 1537172 A1 "Device for separating plant and soil impurities from root crops"). The activator is made in the form of a rotating spiral mounted above the feed conveyor. The disadvantage of this device is the limited external circumferential impact on the flow and unidirectional transverse shear flow.

A device for sorting root crops, comprising a receiving inclined conveyor with a shock-absorbing surface, an input separating unit with a set of rollers, sequentially installed separating modules (AS No. 1382474 A1, “Device for processing fruits”). The device does not have activators of influence on the flow, and when multilayer feeding, some of the objects of the fine fraction do not have time to separate, it enters the subsequent module and into the larger fraction, which distorts the uniformity of this fraction. There is no device for local sectional braking of the multilayer flow along the feed width for the inlet receiving conveyor.

The disadvantage of this device is the ineffective distribution of the multilayer root flow, the high congestion of the multilayer root flow at the inlet of the separating blocks, the insufficient separation of the root crops of a small fraction due to their passage into the separation zone of larger root crops, the clogging of the subsequent fractions by tubers of the previous (smaller fraction), the lack of flow distribution over the width of the separator.

As a result of the use of the present invention, a sparing mode for receiving a multilayer stream of objects from a feeding device, uniform flow distribution during multilayer intensive feeding across the width of the separating blocks and modules, the separation efficiency of the main technological fractions by size, reducing the energy and metal consumption of the device by cascading placement of the separating modules is provided, warning loading large objects at the outlet of the upper separation unit.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for separating the flow of agricultural products of a rounded oval shape, containing a receiving inclined conveyor with a shock-absorbing surface, a receiving flow rate damper, an input separating unit with a set of discs with minimal separating gaps, a subsequent separating unit, flow activators, guides shields under the separation blocks, pitched trays for calibrated fractions, the subsequent separation block contains the upper and lower separation modules, which are installed cascade one above the other, so that each higher placed module contains larger separating gaps than the lower placed module, the receiving flow rate damper is placed with a gap above the receiving conveyor and is made in the form of a set of sections rotating on the axis, each of which is equipped with shock absorbing external elements. For the effective distribution of objects across the width above the input and subsequent separation units with a gap, rotating flow activators are installed, each flow activator containing a shaft on which fan-shaped flexible rods are installed, each of which is offset by a predetermined angle one relative to the other and by a specified distance from each other friend on the shaft. To ensure a continuous passage of objects on the extreme disks of the upper module, an ejector is installed in the form of a pin, partially covering the gap between adjacent disks,

The essence of the invention is illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a cross section of a device.

Figure 2 presents a top view of the device, a section A-A in figure 1.

Figure 3 presents a cross section of a damper of the speed of falling objects.

Figure 4 presents a cross section of a rotating activator of the distribution of flow.

The device comprises a receiving inclined conveyor 1 with a shock-absorbing surface 2, a receiving damper 3 of the object flow velocity, an input separating unit 4 with a set of disks 5 with minimum separating gaps S1, a subsequent separating unit 6 with cascading separating modules 7 and 8, flow activators 9 and 10 , guiding flaps 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 under the conveyor 1 and separating blocks, pitched trays 18 and 19 for guiding the calibrated fractions. The disks 5 of the input unit 4 are provided with supports 20 and drive elements 21. The output module 7 of unit 6 contains sets of disks 22 equipped with supports 23 and drive elements 24 and installed with maximum separation gaps S2. At the output of module 7, disks 25 are installed with integrated transverse pins 26 overlapping the gaps S2 between adjacent disks. The separating modules 7 and 8 are placed in the form of a cascade. Module 8 contains profile rollers 27 with separating cells S3 smaller than the separating gaps S2. The receiving conveyor 1 is equipped with drive elements 28, 29 and 30.

The damper 3 is placed with a gap above the conveyor 1 and contains a set of autonomous sections 31, each of which consists of a sleeve 32 and flexible elements 33 fixed thereon, for example brush elements. Sections 31 are mounted loosely on an axis 34 provided with supports 35. Between the end sections 31 and supports 35, intermediate sleeves 36 are installed. Each activator 9 and 10 comprises a shaft 37 on which fan-shaped flexible rods 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 are mounted , 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, each of which is offset by a predetermined angle one relative to the other and a predetermined distance from each other. The shaft 37 is mounted on bearings 51 and is equipped with a drive element 52.

The device operates as follows (Fig.1-4).

The objects are fed by the loading conveyor in the direction of arrow F to the receiving conveyor 1 and rolled in the form of a multilayer stream. Small impurities (for example, soil particles) are captured by the countercurrently moving surface 2 of the conveyor 1, fall between the shields 11 and 12, forming a fraction F0 of impurities. The outer surface of the flexible elements 33 of the damper 3 is installed with a gap to the surface 2 of the receiving conveyor 1. Each section 31 of the damper 3 is in contact with the oncoming flow of objects, rotates autonomously under the influence of rolling objects and slows down the flow rate. The objects enter the zone of the separation unit 4. The small fraction objects fall into the gaps S1 in front of the activator 9. Next, the flow moves to the activator zone 9, contacts the flexible rods 38-50 and is additionally distributed across the width of the device. The objects of the fine fraction also fall into the gaps S1 in the zone behind the activator 9 and form the fine fraction F1 between the shields 13 and 14. A partially separated stream in the form of fractions F2 + F3 + F4 is directed to the module 7 of block 6. The stream moves to the zone of the second activator 9, contacts the flexible rods 38-50 and is additionally distributed across the width of the device. Fine objects fall into the gaps S2 in the zone behind the activator 9. Due to the continuous back-up, the flow moves modulo 7, a part of the flow in the form of fractions F2 + F3 passes through the gaps S2, and enters to the shield 17 on the module 8 having gaps S3. On module 8, objects commensurate with the gaps S3, the objects pass through the cells, fall between the shields 15 and 16 and form the fraction F2. At the output of module 8, objects of fraction F3 go down on tray 19. The largest objects are guided by backing to the output of module 7 and pushed by pins 26 of disks 25 onto tray 18, forming fraction F4. The gap S2 is continuously cleared for the purpose of subsequent separation of root crops.

Claims (3)

1. A device for separating the flow of objects of a round-oval shape, containing a receiving inclined conveyor with a shock-absorbing surface, a receiving flow rate damper, an input separating unit with a set of discs with minimal separating gaps, a subsequent separating unit, flow activators, guiding guards under the separating blocks, pitched trays for calibrated fractions, characterized in that the subsequent separation unit contains upper and lower separation modules, which are installed in cascade above each other so that the higher placed module contains larger separating gaps than the lower placed module, the receiving flow rate damper is placed with a gap above the receiving conveyor and is made in the form of a set of sections independently rotating on the axis, each of which is equipped with shock absorbing external elements. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that rotating flow activators are placed above the input separating and subsequent separating units with a gap, each flow activator comprising a shaft on which fan-shaped flexible rods are mounted, each of which is offset by a certain angle from one another and a predetermined distance from each other on the shaft. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that ejectors in the form of pins are installed on the extreme disks of the upper module, partially covering the gap between adjacent disks.

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