SU1657084A1 - Method and apparatus for spreading fertilizers simultaneously with the formation of bunds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural production, mainly to methods of cultivating tilled agricultural crops on the ridge. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of use of fertilizers. The method is carried out as follows. After pre-plowing and leveling the surface, fertilizer is applied to the soil in two levels. In the bottom

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural production, mainly to methods of cultivating tilled agricultural crops on the ridge.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of use of fertilizers.

The method is carried out as follows.

After pre-loosening the soil and leveling the surface, the fertilizer is introduced into the soil in two levels. Fertilizers are placed in the lower level across the entire width of 1 treated strip. In the upper level, fertilizers are applied below the level of the daily surface of the soil and are placed in two rows 2. At the same time, ridges are formed. To do this, cut the furrows on the sides, symmetrical strips of fertilizer. The soil from the furrows is lifted, moved and laid over the fertilizers. At the same time, fertilizers are placed in each ridge in such a way that the ratio of the distance between the upper and lower levels of fertilizers h to the distance between the lines of the upper level of fertilizers b is greater than one.

FIG. 1 shows the layout of the fertilizer in the ridge; in fig. 2 shows a device for fertilizing simultaneously with the formation of ridges, side view; in fig. 3 - fertilizer coulter for fertilizer in two levels, side view; in fig. 4 - fertilizer coulter, rear view; FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a funnel with a three-way fertilizer flow divider; FIG. 6 is a diagram of the curve of the surface of the bundle in the form of a logarithmic spiral

The device for fertilizer application simultaneously with the cutting of the ridges comprises a frame 3 on which support-driving wheels 4 are fastened, fertilizer tanks 5, on the lower part of which are tukovyuschie apparatus 6. The back cutters 7 are fixed on the rear bar of the frame 3 from each other equal to set width between rows. On the front beam of frame 3, at a distance from each other equal to

Tuck openers 8 are fixed to a predetermined width between the rows. Moreover, each fertilizer opener 8 is fixed on the frame 3 with an offset in the transverse direction relative to the symmetry axis of the furrow cutters 7

a distance equal to half the predetermined width between the rows. Each fertilizer coulter 8 has a funnel 9. which is equipped with a three-way divider 10 fertilizer flow. To the funnel 9 attached to the pipeline 11, which is located along the axis of symmetry of the opener and directed to the conical diffuser 12. Behind the pipeline 11 installed, made of rigid pipes two curved pipelines 13,

the ends of which are symmetrically located at a distance b / 2 on both sides of the line of symmetry of the opener 8 in the transverse direction. The pipelines 11 and 13 are installed in such a way that the ratio of the distance h 15 cm from the lower edges of the curved pipelines 13 to the horizontal plane passing through the lower edge of the conical diffuser 12 to the distance b 12 cm between the inner edges of the curved pipelines 13 more than one. In addition, the rear curvilinear tubular lines 13 are made as part of a MM logarithmic spiral, the equation in polar coordinates of which

p a- where k ctga

and are located convexity down. The end of each curved tukoprovod is equipped with soil compaction 14, located below, visor 15 located above and side cheeks 16, with visor 15 supporting seal 14 by a distance equal to 2 cm, and cheeks 16 protruding back beyond visor 15 by distance I 3 cm.

The fertilizer unit simultaneously with the cutting of the ridges works as follows.

When the device is moving in the working position, the fertilizer coulters 8, due to the angle of entry of the pointed pawl, are inserted into the soil to a predetermined depth, adjusted by moving the stand relative to the frame. At the same time, the support-driving wheels 4 transmit the rotation to the fertilizer devices 6, which are fed by gravity from the tanks 5, fertilizers to the funnels 9, each of which has a three-way divider 10 fertilizer flow, interacting with the soil. One of the fertilizer streams enters the conduit 11 and, striking the body of the cone diffuser 12, is positioned in a strip in the lower level at the depth of the stroke of the pointed paw. The soil, additionally loosened with an arched paw, closes behind the pipeline and closes the fertilizer strip. Two streams of fertilizer from the funnel 9 enter the curved pipelines 13. Due to the fact that the curved pipelines are made of rigid pipes and are located convexity down, they squeeze out the grooves in the loose soil, into which the fertilizer flows by two parallel lines to each other. Seals 14 prevent clogging of the tubing 13 with loose soil from the bottom, and the visor 15 and cheeks 16 prevent them from clogging with soil from the top and sides. The soil covered with cheeks and visor partially covers the grooves with fertilizers, due to the fact that the pipelines are made as part of a logarithmic spiral, the feature of which is a gradual decrease in the length of the rays coming out of the asymptotic point O of the curve while maintaining the same angle ( I, at any point in the curve between the beam and the tangent, the pipeline lines 13 are not clogged with plant debris and do not stick to the soil, due to the fact that the ends of the curved pipelines 13 are located at a distance equal to b / 2 from both sides from the line of symmetry of the opener, fertilizers in the upper level are arranged parallel lines on both sides of the future row of plants, at some distance from it in the transverse direction. The upper level of fertilizers provides additional nutrition to the roots of young plants without negative effects on them, since the lines of fertilizers are removed from taproot or from the main mass of fibrous root. When the aggregate is moving, the furrow cutters 7 cut the grooves, move the soil out of the furrows and lay it above the fertilizers, forming a row neither With this method of fertilizer application, after sowing, the best conditions are created, since the root-forming system at the very initial period is provided with the necessary additional feeding in the form of mineral elements, additional heat and aeration at the expense of the ridge profile. Before the start of fruit formation, the root system penetrates to the depth to the lower layer of fertilizers and will again receive top dressing in the most necessary period for the formation of a full-fledged harvest.

Claims (4)

1. A method of fertilizing simultaneously with the formation of ridges, including tillage at two levels with fertilizing the upper level and simultaneously cutting the furrows on the sides, while the soil from the furrows is moved and laid over the fertilizers, forming ridges, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use, the latter are additionally added to the lower level across the entire width of the treated strip, and two lines are placed on the upper fertilizer level, with the ratio of the distance between The upper and lower levels to the distance between the lines of the upper level are greater than one. 2. A fertilizer device simultaneously with the formation of the ridges, containing a double brown tusovy paw opener with a funnel and two symmetrical tukoprovodov located at the back, as well as furrow cutters-ridge-former, a three-way fertilizer flow divider located in the funnel, and an additional pipelines, the lower end of which is located under the symmetrical pipelines along the axis of symmetry of the opener and is aimed at onus diffuser, with the ratio of the distance from the lower edges of symmetric tail lines to the lower edge of the conical lens to the distance between symmetrical tail lines more than one. 0 five 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy consumption, prevent slaughter with plant residues and reduce soil sticking, the symmetrical pipelines are curved and are located downwardly convex, with the end of each curved pipelines provided with lateral cheeks, soil compaction and a visor, and the visor stands for the seal, and the cheeks back behind the visor,  4. The device according to PP. 2 and 3, characterized in that the curved pipelines are made as part of a logarithmic spiral. "LYW-SHB0.- G 1 FIG. Ro & to surface 13 P Fy Aa ten. FIG. five FIG. 6