SU1548205A1 - Method of ameliorating sandy soils - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for the reclamation of sandy soils in desert and semi-desert zones. The purpose of the method is to increase the efficiency of land improvement due to more productive accumulation and use of moisture. In order to do this, a layer of sand is removed in the area to be treated to the depth necessary for the germination of the root system of the intended plantation and the layers of potential fertile layers are laid in layers. At the same time leveling strips, and an insulating layer on this site is laid as a mixture of components in the following ratio, vol.%: True flooded 5-25

sand moistened with antiseptic solution else. The layer is leveled in such a way that its thickness is 10-15 cm and is covered with a layer of sand with a thickness equal to 1.5-2.0 times the thickness of the impermeable layer. To the depth of this layer, in the longitudinal and transverse directions, grooves are constructed into which such a mixture of components is fed, as in an insulating waterproof layer. These grooves form closed cells. Sand on the adjacent strip of the plot is placed on this surface, leaving 20-25 cm to the full height of the stacked layers and the remaining space is filled with an upper layer containing an admixture of components of the following composition, vol.%: Zeolites 5-20

the rest of the sand, after which the cycle is repeated for the next strip to be laid using the sand of the adjacent strip, and the last strip is filled with sand removed from the first strip or sand from a nearby area. 5 il.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to form fertile land in areas of deserts and semi-deserts that are not fertile due to the rapid drainage (infiltration) of water through the sand to great depths.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of land improvement due to more productive accumulation and use of moisture.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the phase of laying the insulating layer after removing the sand on the first strip of the area to be treated; in fig. 2 - the phase of laying the second layer, the formation of grooves on it and the flow of insulating material into them; in fig. 3 is a section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 — sand filling phase of this band; in fig. 5- phase of filling the upper layer with a mixture of components containing zeolites.

The method is carried out as follows.

On the lower side of the plot where planting is planned, sand is removed by strip 1 (Fig. 1) for the entire length of the plot to a depth of E, matching it with the depth necessary for germination of the root system of the proposed planting. Level the bottom surface 2 and stack the insulating layer 3, containing a mixture of components in the following ratio, OBD:

Sand moisturized

water solution antiseptic 75-95

True quicksand True quicksand is the product of the viability of aluminosilicate microorganisms (their waste), and can also be created artificially by processing its quartz sand with microbes with a small addition of clays, phosphates and organic matter.

The mixture of components of this ratio provides stability and impermeability, since the fluid is a very mobile medium - true quicksand, fills the pores of the sand. Such a mixture does not filter water, and in the case of drying, it becomes connected. Due to the absence of oxygen in this environment, it bypasses plant roots and animals.

An antiseptic treatment of true quicksand can be preliminarily performed in order to destroy microorganisms in it and to prevent a new zone of quicksand formation in the sand. In this case, the antiseptic can be neutralized before laying the treated true quicksand. As an antiseptic, for example, an inert gas (nitrogen) can be used, which is used to treat flume before it is laid.

A layer 10–15 cm thick durably and reliably retains moisture in the upstream area.

The mixture of these components is smoothed, retaining the thickness of 10–15 cm of the layer is covered with a second layer k (Fig. 2), in which furrows 5 are formed in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The same mixture is applied to these furrows. Thus, cells 6 (Fig. 3) are formed, in which moisture is equally delayed, if the area is inclined or slightly inclined. The surface 7 of this strip is covered with a continuous layer of sand 8 (Fig. C). On this strip, sand is used of the adjacent 9 strip, which is shifted sequentially from each strip to the next one. A depth of 20-25 cm from the full height H is left above. The upper layer 10 of the strip is filled with a mixture of components of the following composition, OBD;

Sand80-95

Zeolite 5-20

after which the cycle is repeated on the next lanes of the section, while the cavity of the last strip is filled with sand, removed from the first strip, or sand of the nearby territory.

Example 1, The method is carried out under conditions where the sands are of medium size. On a plot of 10 ha, cotton is sowed and planted. Work begins to be carried out from the lower side of the site. With the help of auto scrapers, sand is removed and an insulating layer 10-15 cm thick is laid. This layer contains a mixture of components of the following composition,%:

True quicksand 15

Sand moisturized

water solution

antiseptic 85

(by volume of concrete mixer).

This mixture is mixed, delivered to the flattened surface of the shielded area, leveled with a light tracked bulldozer, maintaining a layer thickness of 10-15 cm. This layer is covered with a second layer of sand 15-20 cm thick. The depth of this layer in the longitudinal and transverse directions create furrows closed contour squares of which m, in the grooves serves the same mixture as the insulating layer. Filled furrows form containers (saucers). The surface of the layer with furrows is covered with a continuous layer of sand, leaving a height of 20 cm, where the top layer containing the components of the following composition is placed,%:

Sand85

Zeolites15

and the cycle is repeated on the following stacked strips using the sand of the adjacent strip, and for the last strip the sand of the first strip or the sand of the adjacent territory is used.

Example 2. The method is carried out under conditions where the sands are of medium size.

Planting and growing a blond garden is planned on a plot of 10 hectares. Work begins to lead from the low side of the site. With the help of auto scrappers, sand is removed over the entire length of the section with a strip of 20 m to a depth of 2.5 m. Unnumbered sand is laid outside this section or moved to the last strip of the section.

The center of the strip, on which the sand is removed, is leveled and an insulating layer is laid on it. Since the sands are of medium size, a mixture of the components of the composition is made, which is placed in a concrete mixer: true float of 15%, sand moistened with an aqueous antiseptic solution (by volume of the concrete mixer). This mixture is mixed and delivered to the shielding area, unloaded onto a flattened surface and leveled with a light crawler dozer, keeping the layer thickness of 10-15 cm. This layer is covered with a second layer of sand 25-30 cm thick. x create furrows of a closed contour with a side of 20-30 cm, into which they feed the same mixture as in the insulating layer. Filled grooves form separate cells (saucers). The surface of the layer with the furrows is covered with a continuous layer of sand. On this strip sand of the adjacent strip is laid, the layer thickness of which is 170-180 cm, which is enough for germination of the roots of a blond garden. A layer of a mixture of sand 85% and zeolites 15% (by

volume).

i

The use of an aggregate of true quicksand as a screen, laid under the soil layer, a mixture of sand and zeolites as a soil fertile layer, laid in the upper part of the soil, will allow to obtain fertile lands in the sands of desert and semi-desert conditions in hot conditions that can accumulate moisture applied mineral fertilizers.

The application of the proposed method will allow in conditions of extensive terri. 548205

thorium,

to create fertile lands, which have not yet been possible without large expenditures.

Claims (4)

1. The method of reclamation of sandy soils, including the creation in the subsurface layer of an impervious layer based on sandy material, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of reclamation 15 due to the more productive accumulation and use of moisture, first remove the top layer of sand to the depth necessary to develop the root system of the planted later 20 plants, and then the impermeable layer is 10-15 cm thick and is covered with a layer of sand, the thickness of which is 1.5-2.0 times the thickness of the impermeable layer, after which furrows are made in the longitudinal and transverse directions to the depth of the impermeable layer, they are fed into them a mixture of components constituting the impermeable layer, after which the layer with furrows zo is covered with a continuous layer of sand 30-100 cm thick, and a layer of sand 20-25 cm thick containing a mechanical mixture of sand and zeolites is placed on top. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof layer consists of a mixture of components in the following ratio, OBD: True quicksand 5-25 Sand impregnated with antiseptic solution Else 3. Method according to claim, characterized in that the top layer contains a mechanical mixture of sand and zeolites in the following ratio of components, OBD: Zeolite 5-20 Sand the rest 4. A method according to claim 2, in order to reduce labor intensity, the operations of laying layers are performed using strips using sand from each subsequent strip, and using sand from the first strip or from a nearby territory for the last strip. 35 40 45 50 55 Vtww g    / 1 JJ 1 lJVJli - 1 1 shi №.J WfAWfM /. ::. -N- -. Fig w /. 5