RU2380480C2 - Method of land drainage in permafrost zone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves formation of slopes of water drain surfaces (daylight and frozen earth), which exceed those in initial condition and discharge of surface and ground waters via them to open drain channels. In direction from channels, furrows are made with increase of depth as minimum values in the most distant part to maximum values in their openings approach them. Drained area is maintained for selective induction of heat saggings of permanently frozen grounds under influence of furrows of various depth till required additional slopes of their bottom are made. Number of furrows is made throughout the surface at the intervals equal to their width. After required slopes of furrow bottom are made, earth deposits are shifted in them. In order to achieve necessary land drainage level, operations of the proposed method are repeated. When building channels, earth deposits are shifted from channels thus decreasing the layer towards them. Also pre-crushed organic ground cover material (hubbles, moss, hurds, small shrubs) is shifted from channels and laid with decrease of layer thickness towards them. In order to improve drainage efficiency of peat-bogs, with capacity less than maximum depth of furrows, when shifting earth deposits to furrows (depending on drainage conditions), several earth deposits or every second earth deposit, or all earth deposits are laid being turned. In order to prevent frost-thaw saggings of surface after land drainage, exposure of drained territory is completed when capacity of seasonal tabetisol is not less than depth of seasonal thawing during operation and earth deposits are shifted to furrows.

EFFECT: invention allows speeding up drainage of surface and ground waters from drained territory, increasing soil fertility, facilities cross-country ability engineering and ecofriendly draining procedure, reducing scopes of earth works and material costs.

9 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to land reclamation, in particular to methods of drainage of lands located in the permafrost zone, mainly with icy (subsiding) soils. The method is intended for drainage reclamation of agricultural lands, especially during the reconstruction of degraded and abandoned swampy drainage systems, as well as for drainage of plots intended for recreational, construction, economic, forestry purposes, etc.

A known method of drainage of land in the permafrost zone, including the diversion into open channels of surface and ground (permafrost) waters [Agriculture system of the Magadan region. Magadan: Magadan Prince publishing house, signed for print on March 25, 1983. - p. 42-48] (analogue).

The known method does not provide the necessary level of drainage. This is due to the fact that when drying according to the known method, when leveling the cavaliers, an additional layer is created on the soil surface, due to which the thermal resistance in the channel strip increases, which prevents thawing of soil in these places. As a result of a decrease in the depth of seasonal thawing, the thermal subsidence in these places is less than in the rest of the territory; therefore, a concave profile is characteristic of the interchannel band, since near the canals, elevations (barriers) of the surface of the soil and frozen soil are formed, which impede the movement of surface and ground (permafrost) waters, contributing to the stagnation of excess water in the drained territory.

There is a method of drainage of land in the permafrost zone, including the sinking of linear recesses as close as possible to each other, between which cavaliers are laid [RF Patent No. 1762436, cl. E02B 11/00. Publ. bull. fav. 12/15/95 No. 45-46, 1993] (analogue).

The known method is not effective enough to drain the land on a slightly steep and, especially, steady terrain, because its use does not increase the slopes of the drainage surfaces (daytime and permafrost), i.e. Favorable conditions for the discharge of excess moisture into the channels are not provided.

The closest in technical essence is the method of draining peat bogs in the permafrost zone, including the formation of slopes of the daily surface of the drained territory and permafrost, exceeding those in the initial state, and the removal of excess moisture through them into the open drainage channels of surface and ground waters by shifting the upper part of the peat bog along direction from drainage channels with a decrease in the peat layer as they approach them [ed. testimonial. No. 1189936, publ. 11/07/85, bull. fig. No. 41, 1985, class ЕВВ 11/00] (prototype).

The known method is limited in the application of drainage only peat bogs, and its implementation requires significant material costs for the implementation of a large amount of earthwork to move and lay the peat layer, which leads to disruption of the soil layer and waste of soil resources.

Tasks to be solved:

- expansion of the scope;

- increasing the environmental friendliness of drainage technology;

- increasing soil fertility and terrain through the implementation of complex hydrothermal land reclamation;

- reduction in the volume of earthwork and material costs;

- prevention of thermokarst subsidence of the surface after drainage work (during the operation of the site).

The technical result. Regardless of the intended purpose (agricultural, construction or recreational, etc.), the proposed method provides a quick discharge of excess moisture from the drained area, eliminates and prevents the formation of gleying of soil in the territory with a slightly steep and even flat terrain. Achieved a positive technical result in the implementation of the proposed method.

Its essence lies in the fact that on drained lands in the zone of permafrost they form slopes of the day surface and frozen confinement that exceed those in the initial state, and divert surface and ground waters through them to open drainage channels. For this purpose, a network of furrows is cut in the direction from the drainage channels with increasing depth as they approach them, and the furrows are cut with maximum depth at the mouths (sides of the drainage channels), and minimum at the most distant part. After that, the drained territory is stood for the selective provocation of thermal subsidence of the bottom of the furrows and the soil surface of the influence band. So, as the depth of the furrows increases, thermal subsidence also increases in the same direction, i.e., additional necessary slopes of the bottom and soil surface are formed in the zone of influence of the furrows, as well as frozen beneath them. Thus, the formation of slopes of the drainage surfaces that exceed those in the initial (before the implementation of the method) condition, as well as an increase in the conductivity of the thawed layer after the gleying is eliminated, and provide a quick discharge of excess moisture from the drained area both during drainage and during operation.

In order to increase the drainage efficiency of heavily boggy areas with a contrasting microrelief, a network of furrows is cut across the entire surface of the drained territory at intervals equal to their width. When cutting a continuous network of furrows, the thermal effect of thawing of soil also extends to the pillars, therefore, close in size slopes of the bottom of the furrows and soil, as well as frozen beneath the bottom of the furrows and pillars, are formed here.

To simplify the reclamation and increase the drainage efficiency of peat development areas after draining the deposits with furrows, the upper part of the dried peat is removed with increasing layer thickness as it approaches the canals, and if necessary, further extraction of peat is repeated according to the proposed method.

In the case of using all or part of the drained territory without furrows (for example, for agricultural, recreational and other purposes), after creating the necessary additional slopes of the drainage surfaces, the cavaliers are displaced into the furrows.

To accelerate the discharge of excess water into the canals due to the creation of additional slopes (greater convexity of the day surface and permafrost), pre-crushed organic material of the ground cover (hummocks, moss, tow, shrubs) and / or cavalier soil, excavated during the passage of the channels, are displaced from channels with a decrease in the layer as you approach them. Laying of organic material (shrubs, hayfields, moss, tow) with an increase in its thickness in the central part of the interchannel strip helps to reduce the depth of seasonal thawing and to reduce or completely prevent thermal subsidence of the surface in these places. This technique allows you to create a more convex profile of the drainage surfaces, i.e. improved drainage of excess moisture.

To achieve the required level of drainage by increasing the slopes of the surface and frozen ground, as well as to increase the water conductivity of the soil, after the first time the implementation of the method, the drainage operation according to the proposed technical solution is repeated.

In order to increase the drainage efficiency of shallow peatlands with peat thickness less than the maximum furrow depth due to the intensification of thawing of frozen ground soils, with increasing doses of making mineral additives in peat, cavaliers are displaced into the furrows with a coup. Depending on the drainage conditions, single, or every second, or several in a row, or all cavaliers are laid in furrows with a coup.

To prevent thermokarst subsidence of the surface after the drainage of the land, the draining of the drained territory is completed when the thickness of the seasonal thawing layer reaches at least the depth of seasonal thawing during operation and the cavaliers are displaced into the furrows.

The proposed method of drainage of land in the permafrost zone provides for a minimum of material costs and without disturbing the soil layer to quickly discharge excess moisture, and simultaneously with the process of land drainage, the soil is subjected to complex hydrothermal reclamation. As a result of a significant improvement in the thermal regime and the physicochemical environment (elimination of gleying) in soil, soil fertility, thermal stability of the surface and throughput of equipment increase significantly, which is very important when using the territory for agricultural and forestry purposes. The method is also applicable for the accelerated drainage of swampy or excessively moistened areas in the permafrost zone, intended for the construction of various facilities and the allocation territory for settlements, structures, mainly linear (pipelines, roads, power lines, etc.), as in the construction process - chores, and during their operation.

The most rational application of the method in the development of land according to the so-called landscape technology for land reclamation and the creation of long-term meadow lands.

The method is illustrated in the drawing.

The drawing shows an excessively wetted section of the permafrost zone with open channels, drained by the proposed method. A cross-sectional view of the interchannel strip with the initial drainage surfaces of the soil (1), and the frozen aquaculture (2), and open drainage channels (3) is shown. The diagram shows the state of the site at the end of the warm period with the maximum thawing of the soils, when the boundary (2) of the mobile frozen support and the upper part of the permafrost soils (2) coincides. In the soil, a network of furrows is cut in the direction from the channels (3) with an increase in their depth as they approach them. In the center of the interchannel strip, the depth of the furrows is minimal (zero in the drawing), and in the side (mouth of the furrows) of the channels (3), the maximum, as a rule, is close to the thickness of the seasonally thawed layer. In addition to the direct purpose, the acceleration of the discharge of excess water, an increase in the depth of the furrows leads to an increase in the heat flux inward, as a result of which thawing and heat subsidence in the same direction of permafrost rocks containing lenses and interlayers of ice increase. The aging of the drained territory in the summer leads to a sequential increase in the depth of seasonal thawing under the furrows and strips of influence as their depth increases, i.e. lowering the permafrost surface (6) and the bottom of the furrows (4a and 4c) as you approach the channels. Thus, due to the uneven melting of permafrost soils, accompanied by selective provocation of their thermal subsidence, the slopes of the drainage surfaces of the bottom of the furrows (4c) and permafrost (6) significantly exceed the corresponding initial surface slopes - (4a and 2), and the increment of the slopes of the frozen surface is much larger than the slopes bottom of the furrows.

When creating the necessary slopes of the permafrost drainage surface, the additional drainage effect begins to “work” due to the so-called post-cryogenic macroporosity, which often increases the permeability of thawing soils by an order or more [Pugachev AA, Ukhov N.V. The role of thawing cycles in the soil genesis of the Northeast. // Abstracts of Int. Conf. "The rhythms of natural processes in the cryosphere of the Earth" May 10-15, 2000, - Pushchino, p.150-151]. However, the preservation of macropores is determined by the degree of gleying; therefore, soils with a high degree of gleying are poorly permeable, and when they are thawed, the macropores from thawed layers and lenses “collapse”, i.e. quickly swim. The results of studies at the test site indicate that almost impermeable gleyed sandy loam with a filtration coefficient (Kf) of less than 0.01 m / day after cutting channels with laying soil on the soil surface and settling the area (carrying out hydrothermal reclamation) significantly increased filtration properties (Kf = 0 4-0.9 m / day). In addition to accelerating the discharge of excess water, cutting furrows significantly improves the hydrothermal regime of cavaliers (reduces soil moisture by 1.3-1.8 times, temperature increases by 1.2-2.0 times). As a result, soil fertility increases, agrophysical (structure, granulometric (microaggregate) composition, porosity, etc.) and some agrochemical characteristics of soils (increase in pH, degree of saturation with bases, predominance of oxidative conditions) improve. It is characteristic that, as a result of optimization of organic matter transformation processes, the humus composition is better, the C: N ratio is already narrower, and the proportion of humic acids associated with calcium, stable sesquioxides, increases [Oganesyan A.Sh., Ukhov N.V. Accumulation and transformation of organic and organomineral substances in native and cultivated landscapes of the Magadan region. // Abstracts of Int. conf. "Accumulation and transformation of matter and energy in the cryosphere of the Earth" June 1-5, 2001 - Pushchino. - p.144-145.]

The elimination of gleying of cavalier soil and the strip between the furrows fundamentally improves the filtration conditions of ground (permafrost) waters and in the future, for example, with short-term excess moisture. Under such conditions, ground (permafrost) water in the direction of least resistance or maximum filtration coefficient, without stopping, flows into the channels along macropores (cavities parallel to its surface and located above the permafrost boundary) remaining during thawing of interlayers and ice lenses.

During the drainage period, a large amount of excess moisture from precipitation and melted ice is freely discharged along the bottom of the furrows (4), the slopes of which significantly exceed those of the soil surface (1). Excess moisture contained in the cavaliers (5) freely flows into the furrows, which contributes to the rapid aeration of the soil of the cavaliers and the elimination of gleying. In the case of using a site with completely or partially eliminated furrows (for example, farmland), after mixing the cavaliers into furrows, the slopes of the drainage surface of the plot of the drained plot (7) also significantly exceed the initial slopes (2).

To prevent thermokarst subsidence of the surface after drainage, the drained territory is maintained until the seasonal thawing depth reaches at least the values ensuring the prevention of thermokarst subsidence during operation, and the cavaliers are displaced into furrows. The upper boundary of permafrost soils, after the cavaliers are displaced into the furrows, rises somewhat from position (6) to position (8), thereby providing a certain margin of surface stability from possible thermal subsidence. So, a layer of frozen soil, from which excess ice has already melted between surfaces (6) and (8), ensures the prevention of thermal (thermokarst) subsidence of the surface after drainage work by the proposed method.

The use of this method when draining wetlands in the permafrost zone with slightly inclined and even flat terrain allows to accelerate the discharge of excess groundwater and prevents their secondary swamping.

The set of essential features (cutting furrows in the direction from the drainage channels with increasing depth as they approach them to the maximum in the channels, melting the area before the formation of the necessary slopes) is unknown from the existing level of technology, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of the invention is “novelty” . The essence of the proposed method, including an increase in heat drawdowns with increasing depth of the furrows, does not explicitly follow from the prior art, because from it the above mentioned influence on the achieved technical result was not revealed. A new property of the object - a set of features differs from the prototype of the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "inventive step".

Example. In an excessively humidified zone, on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, Magadan Region, on four cells (inter-channel lanes) of the reconstructed drainage system, work was carried out to drain the land according to the known (prototype) and proposed methods. The part of the drainage system on which the experimental work was carried out was characterized by the following parameters: peat thickness of about 55 cm, terrain slopes of 0.008-0.009, thermal subsidence of permafrost soils of 35 cm per 1 m of thawed layer. In all areas, open channels were opened according to the horizontal-longitudinal drainage scheme. The depth of the channels is 1.3-1.4 m, the distance between the channels is 50 m. Peat was lined with fine-grained sand. The soil cavaliers of the existing channels built according to the traditional drainage technology (prototype method) were leveled in the channel strip 10-15 m wide. As a result of this part of the drainage system, the transverse profile of the inter-channel strips became concave with deviations from the channels to the center of the inter-channel strip 0.004. For this reason, the discharge of excess water into the drainage channels is difficult and the entire drainage system is very boggy and removed from the crop rotation for reconstruction. The depth of seasonal thawing (the depth of permafrost) ranges from 63-65 cm (cf. 64 cm) at the channels and up to 68-72 cm (70 cm) in the central part of the interchannel bands.

At the end of August, experimental work was carried out on all production sites on a production scale by the proposed method and prototype method.

The depth of seasonal thawing in the canals by this time was 61-62 cm.

Local perennial grasses grew on the first cage occupied by hayfields, however, due to secondary waterlogging, their degradation began, haymaking was carried out manually, which is associated with great difficulties. The central part of the inter-channel stripes was characterized by numerous closed depressions of thermokarst origin with a depth of 20–25 cm. After the reconstruction, it was planned to use this territory for improved hayfields. For this, a network of furrows was cut from thermokarst depressions to channels. Furrows were cut with a swamp-shrubby plow PBN-100 with an increase in their depth as they approached the canals. At the canals, the furrows were cut to the full thickness of seasonally thawed soil (61-62 cm), and in the closed thermokarst depressions located at a distance of 15-19 m (compare 17 m), they wedged out with a depth of 20-25 cm. The plowing layers were laid on the surface of the soil according to the method of plucking. With this technology of drainage works according to the proposed method, the network of furrows consists of linear grooves 2 m wide and a depth from zero at the bottom of depressions to 61-62 cm at the channels along which boundary cavaliers of variable thickness are laid. After cutting the furrows, an intensive discharge of excess surface water from thermokarst depressions along plowing furrows began, which favored the process of draining the cell the next year. With the onset of the warm period, surface (melt and rain) waters flowed freely along the furrows into the channels, and when positive air temperatures were established at the bottom of the furrows, thawing of permafrost with subsidence of the bottom of the channels began, and gradually spread further from their edge. By the end of the warm period, the boundary of surface subsidence extended beyond the boundaries of cavalier strata. Starting from the second half of the warm period, the process of drainage of ground (permafrost) waters of lowering soil soils began. The excess groundwater contained in the lowering soil was filtered through thawing soils under the permafrost under the bottom of the furrows into drainage channels. Toward the end of the warm period, this process increased as the thawing of soils increased, as a result of which slopes of the drainage surfaces of the bottom of the furrows and permafrost formed in the direction of the channels. By the beginning of September, the depth of seasonal thawing at the canals was 152-154 cm (cf. 153 cm). The increment in the depth of seasonal thawing (lowering the upper boundary of permafrost) at the channel is equal to the difference 153 cm - 64 cm = 89 cm, the average subsidence was 0.89 m × 35 cm / m = 32 cm. Thus, taking into account the reverse slopes to the implementation of the method (0.004), the slopes of the bottom of the furrows in the direction of the drainage channels amounted to 0.013-0.017 (cf. 0.15), and the permafrost surface under the channels was 0.065-0.083 (cf. 0.073). As a result of drainage work on the proposed method, closed depressions in the central part of the inter-channel strip were drained, and drainage of the entire territory was improved, which favored the environmental conditions of grass growth and meadow productivity.

To accelerate the discharge of excess moisture in more humid places, the furrows were preserved, while the cavaliers were used as a nursery. In order to restore and maintain the productivity of previously marshy meadows occupied by thinned grass of local perennial grasses, cavalier-beds were already sown with a high-yielding mixture of local perennial grasses during the drainage period (Langsdorf's reed grass, reed-shaped grasswort, reed arctagrostis, etc.). In well-drained areas of the drained cell, the cavaliers were displaced into furrows. In place of the furrows, gently sloping hollows with a depth of up to 35 cm were formed, which serve as drains of ground (permafrost) and surface waters. To increase the efficiency of drainage of ground (permafrost) water, cavalier layers were displaced with a coup. As a result, mineral soil (fine-grained sand) was deposited on the surface of the troughs with an increase in thickness in the direction of the channels from zero to 8 cm. The application of mineral soil to the surface of peat led to a sharp increase in the thawing rate of organo-mineral soils, especially in the channel strip where barriers (elevations) due to insufficiently aligned cavalier soil removed from canals, which partly impede the discharge of surface and ground waters. Due to the application (plowing) of a layer of fine-grained sand underlying peat, more favorable conditions for drainage of ground (permafrost) water into the canals are ensured throughout the entire warm period.

On the second cell, work was carried out with the aim of combining the drainage of peat during its extraction and land reclamation. The cell provided for the development (extraction) of the upper part of peat in its territory with its subsequent use for arable land. When solving the first circle of problems, the upper part of the peat was drained to ventilate and eliminate gleying. To do this, a network of furrows was created from linear grooves located at intervals equal to their width by plowing with the PBN-75 swamp-shrub plow at intervals equal to the plow capture width (0.75 m), with the inverted formation laid on a natural surface. The depth of the furrows increased as they approached the canals, with their greatest depth at the canals being 55 cm, the minimum at the center of the interchannel strip (at a distance of 25 m from the canals), equal to zero. Here, in connection with the selective provocation of the thawing of ice (subsidence) permafrost soils, under the influence of furrows of various depths, the formation of slopes of the frozen aquaculture and the day surface towards the channels occurred. By the end of July, the depth of seasonal thawing at the canals was 112-115 cm (cf. 113 cm), in the center of the interchannel strip - 52 cm. By this time, significant slopes of the bottom of the furrows (the surface of the pillars) were formed on the interchannel strip - 0.028, permafrost - 0 , 0324 to the side, which provided favorable conditions for the discharge of excess moisture along the bottom of the furrows into the channels and drainage of peat between the furrows (pillars, cavaliers) with the elimination of gleying in them. After that, the drained top of the peat was shifted with a bulldozer to the center of the inter-channel strip, loaded onto trucks with loaders and taken outside the drained territory. The maximum peat removal at the channels was 45 cm, the minimum - zero - in the central part of the inter-channel strip.

After removal of the upper part of peat, the slopes of the inter-channel strip surface in the direction of the drainage channels were 0.02, and the permafrost surface was 0.027. In some areas of the cell, due to peat extraction and thermokarst subsidence, shallow depressions formed on the surface, in which water accumulated after rains, therefore, the operations of the proposed method were again repeated. To do this, grooves were cut in the direction from the channels at intervals equal to their width, with a decrease in depth as we approach them. From the beginning of August to the middle of September, the draining process continued, including the dumping of "secular" reserves of excess moisture and the formation of additional slopes of the site surface and frozen confinement. Thus, by increasing the depth of thawing of soils as the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of peat decreases and the depth of the furrows in the same direction (to the channels) subsidence of the surface is activated with the formation of additional slopes of the surface of the site and permafrost. In mid-September, before the onset of frost, cavaliers were displaced into furrows in the places of cutting furrows, after which the cells were discoded in two tracks with disk harrows and the residual microrelief was finally leveled with long-base planners.

On the third and fourth cells, drainage was carried out according to the proposed method and the prototype method to compare their effectiveness. Work began to produce after hay. After reconstruction, wetlands on both cages were proposed to be used as hayfields with a radical improvement.

At the end of August, on the third cage from the canals, furrows were cut with the PBN-100 swamp-shrub plow at intervals equal to their width (100 cm), with increasing depth of the channels as they approached them. Furrows were cut with the formation of the formation on the soil surface at intervals equal to 100 cm. The depth of the furrows varied from zero in the center of the interchannel strip to 60 cm. The excess moisture formed by atmospheric precipitation and, in part, from melting ice from permafrost soils in the areas occurred very intensively until the soil is completely frozen. The next year, the cell was lined for the selective provocation of thermal subsidence of permafrost soils.

The dynamics of thawing of subsidence and the formation of slopes of the drainage surfaces of the experimental plot (soil surface) and frozen water storage during the drainage of lands by known (prototype) and proposed methods are shown in the table (values (parameters) at the end of the warm period are given).

3 cell (the claimed method) 4 cell (prototype method) Depth of permafrost (average), cm Thermal subsidence (average), cm Slopes to channels (average) Depth of permafrost (average), cm Thermal subsidence (average), cm Slopes to channels (average) channel center channel center the soil permafrost. channel center channel center the soil permafrost. Before experience 64 70 0 0 -0.004 -0.007 64 72 0 0 -0.004 -0.007 At the end of the experiment 153 72 32 one 0.012 0.05 80 63 5 0 0.018 0,028 Exploitation 75 70 32 one 0.012 0.0144 75 63 5 0 0,020 0.0264

In early September, plowing strata (cavaliers) were shifted back to the furrows. In the most swampy areas of the inter-channel strip, to increase the drainage efficiency by increasing the filtration coefficient (water conductivity) and accelerating the seasonal thawing of peat with mineral additives, the layer-cavalier was shifted with a coup. In the near-channel strip, on which insufficiently aligned cavaliers were located, peat mineralization made it possible to reduce the adverse effect of barriers (flat shafts) on the movement of surface and ground (permafrost) waters into channels. After that, a cultivating plow at an angle of 45 ° carried out cross plowing, followed by harrowing with disk harrows.

The data in the table indicate that the implementation of the proposed method provides the necessary slopes of the surface of the soil and frozen confinement. The implementation of other operations, including laying the crushed organic material of the soil cover with increasing layer thickness to the center of the interchannel strip, flipping (depending on conditions) of all, several or every second plow-cavalier plow increase the slopes of the drainage surfaces and create a more convex transverse profile of the interchannel strip thereby contributing to an increase in drainage efficiency. For example, in the most waterlogged part of the cell with developed soil coverings (moss, tow, tufts, shrubs), the next year after the cavaliers were displaced into furrows at the beginning of the warm period, the meadows were crushed with milling tools (such as FBN), then they were moved with bulldozers and laid down with a decrease in layer over as you approach the channels. The crushed soil cover was laid with decreasing thickness from zero in the canal to the maximum values (12 cm) to the center, which made it possible to create a more convex transverse profile with additional slopes of the surface of the site and the frozen aquifer towards the channels (0.005). Keeping all other parameters, the slopes of the soil surface and permafrost increased compared to the previous ones and amounted to 0.0125 and 0.0149, respectively (see table).

On the fourth cell, drainage was carried out according to the prototype method. Before the start of excavation, disking in 2 tracks was carried out, after which the upper part of the peat was displaced from the channels with a decrease in the thickness of the layer as it approached them. The maximum thickness of the peat layer to be removed at the channel is 25 cm, at a distance of 12.5 m it was zero, and to the center of the inter-channel strip it increased to 25 cm. Due to the large amount of excavation work to displace and level the peat, drainage operations were carried out for a long time (more than half of the warm period). The soil layer was destroyed as a result of drainage work - the area was re-sown with perennial grasses.

The method can be repeatedly reproduced during the drainage of lands in the permafrost zone with obtaining a technical result, which consists in improving the agronomic properties of soil, increasing its environmental friendliness and profitability.

Thus, the implementation of the proposed method indicates its feasibility, the achievement of the tasks and obtaining a positive technical result. The simplicity of the method allows to obtain a positive technical effect when using the territory for various purposes (agricultural, recreational and construction-economic, etc.).

Information sources

1. The farming system of the Magadan region. Magadan: Magadan Prince publishing house, signed for print on March 25, 1983. - p. 42-48 (analogue).

2. RF patent No. 1762436, cl. E02B 11/00. Publ., Bull. fav. 12/15/95. No. 45-46, 1993 (analogue). Auth. testimonial. No. 1189936, publ. 11/07/85, bull. fig. No. 41, 1985, class ЕВВ 11/00 (prototype).

3. Pugachev A.A., Ukhov I.V. The role of thawing cycles in the soil genesis of the Northeast. // Abstracts of Int. Conf. "The rhythms of natural processes in the cryosphere of the Earth" May 10-15, 2000, - Pushchino, p.150-151].

4. Oganesyan A.Sh., Ukhov N.V. Accumulation and transformation of organic and organomineral substances in native and cultivated landscapes of the Magadan region. // Abstracts of Int. conf. "Accumulation and transformation of matter and energy in the cryosphere of the Earth" June 1 - 5, 2001 - Pushchino. - p. 144-145.

Claims (9)

1. A method of draining land in the permafrost zone, including the formation of slopes of the drainage surfaces (daytime and permafrost) that exceed those in the initial state and discharge through them into the open drainage channels of surface and ground waters, characterized in that a network of furrows is cut in the direction from the channels with increasing depth, as they approach them from the minimum in the most remote part to the maximum values in their mouths, the drained territory is established for selective provocation of thermal subsidence frozen soils under the influence of furrows of various depths to create the necessary additional slopes of their bottom. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a network of furrows is cut over the entire surface at intervals equal to their width. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after creating the necessary slopes of the bottom of the furrows, the cavaliers are displaced into the furrows. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to achieve the required level of land drainage, the operations of the proposed method are repeated. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-crushed organic material of the ground cover (tufts, moss, tow, shrubs) is displaced from the drainage channels and laid with decreasing layer thickness as it approaches them. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the construction of the canals, the soil of the cavaliers is displaced from the canals with a decrease in the layer as they approach them. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency of draining peat bogs with a capacity less than the maximum depth of the furrows, when the cavaliers are displaced, they are placed in furrows with a revolution. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to increase the efficiency of draining peat bogs with a capacity less than the maximum furrow depth when shifting cavaliers into furrows (depending on drainage conditions) several, or every second, or all cavaliers are laid upside down. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to prevent thermokarst subsidence of the surface after land drainage, drying of the drained territory is completed when the thickness of the seasonal thawing layer reaches at least the depth of seasonal thawing during operation and the cavaliers are displaced into furrows.

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