RU2459397C2 - Method for restoration of disturbed lands in overmoistened areas (bogs) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of recultivation, in particular, to restoration of disturbed lands located in overmoistened areas. The method is based on stimulating the processes of natural overgrowing and including a complete or partial removal of layer of sand previously applied to the bog to a residual layer above the surface of the bog 1-15 centimetres.

EFFECT: method enables to stimulate the natural overgrowing of disturbed lands, particularly wetland areas with the settlement and development of local wild plant species.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the protection of the environment, in particular the restoration of disturbed lands located in excessively wet areas (swamps).

The beginning of the development and arrangement of wetlands for oil fields and the development of hydrocarbon deposits is preceded by the washing up of sand into these territories using hydromechanization tools in stacks. After the return of water, this sand is used for the construction of bulk drilling sites, filling the roadbed, because low bearing capacity of peat, without sanding makes it impossible to place drilling rigs on them, i.e. preliminary preparatory work is necessary. These works include filling (embankment) with sand of the territory designated for the development of the field (construction of a bypass road and sites for a residential town, auxiliary equipment of the drilling complex and the drilling rig itself). The height of the sprinkled layer ranges from 0.5 m to 1.5 m. After drilling, well development and putting it into commercial operation, the drilling rig and auxiliary equipment are dismantled. The area under the bypass road, residential town and the dismantling zone of drilling equipment must be reclaimed. Also subject to land reclamation that have come out from under the stacks of sand hydraulic washing.

GOST 17.5.1.01-83 provides for two stages of reclamation: technical and biological.

The most commonly used technology for restoration of disturbed lands consists in preliminary removal of the fertile soil from the allotted for mining, construction and other works, its temporary storage and subsequent use when applied to worked-out disturbed lands.

The disadvantage of this method is the absence or insignificant thickness of the fertile soil layer suitable for restoration of disturbed lands, and the use of peat for reclamation requires the organization of its extraction, the construction of access roads, the development of a peat quarry and subsequent reclamation.

A known method of reclamation of disturbed lands, based on the sowing of perennial grasses on disturbed areas.

The disadvantage of this method is that the sown types of plant seeds produced by the industry are not adapted to acidic, marshy soils with excessive moisture.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the cost of the restoration of disturbed lands, stimulate the natural overgrowing of disturbed lands, especially wetlands, and use the forces of nature itself for this.

The task is achieved by the fact that on the lands disturbed by oil fields and development of hydrocarbon deposits in excessively wet areas (swamps), the hydrological regime improves by removing the excess, for the germination of plants, a layer of sand to the surface of the peat or leaving a 1-15-cm layer of sand above it , which does not impede the settlement and development of local wild plant species. Thus, conditions are created under which the biological stage is performed by nature itself.

Figure 1 presents the well pad formed after sanding, containing wellhead equipment in wells in territory 1 and territory 2 - the area under the bypass road, residential town and the dismantling zone of drilling equipment, which is to be restored (reclamation).

The method is as follows. The worked out area, which was filled or washed with sand using hydromechanical means and to be restored, is divided into alternating sections of priority sand removal - 3 (Fig. 2) and sections of the second stage - 4 (Fig. 2), sections of road passages.

Initially, sand is taken from sections 3 by excavator 5 (Fig. 3), when the arrow is rotated 90 ° to the left and to the right of the axis of sections 4 (Fig. 2), i.e. from the territory perpendicular to the movement of the excavator and dump trucks.

Sand is transported by dump trucks 6. The width of section 3 is approximately equal to the two lengths of the boom of the excavator. The path of the truck is shown by arrows 7 (figure 3).

Then make the removal of sand, its loading in dump trucks 6 (figure 4) from sections 4 - former road driveways. At the same time, the excavator 5 (Fig. 4) moves in reverse with the rotation of the boom of the excavator 5 by 180 ° for loading sand into the dump trucks 6.

Sand thickness from 0.5 to 1.5 meters limits the appearance and growth of plants in a given area due to unfavorable water and food conditions, and the residual sand layer 1-15 centimeters thick above the peat cover allows peat nutrients to be accessible to plants, t .e. improves hydrological and food regimes of the reclaimed territory.

The introduction of local wild plant species, such as cotton grass, sedge, chythorn, horsetail, willow and others. Damaged areas are gradually overgrown with plants, and the area of projective cover of the affected area by plants increases every year. Created favorable moisture conditions stimulate self-growth of the territory by plants.

Technical or other economic efficiency:

1. There is no need for biological reclamation of disturbed lands.

2. The costs of complete land restoration are reduced.

3. Restored excessively moistened land, characterized by low bearing capacity.

Claims (1)

A method of restoring land disturbed by oil fields and development of hydrocarbon deposits in excessively wet areas - swamps, based on the stimulation of natural overgrowing processes, including the complete or partial removal of a layer of sand previously applied to a swamp to a residual layer above the swamp surface of 1-15 cm.

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