RU2522317C1 - Soil-slime mix - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: this mix comprises oil slime, boring mud, peat, sand, water, sorbents, hydrocarbon biodestructors at the following ratio of components, in wt. %: oil slime and boring mud - 20-25, sand - 20-30, peat - 30-35, sorbents - 2-5, hydrocarbon biodestructors - 2-5, water - 10.

EFFECT: better environmental conditions, reclamation of oil contaminated soils.

3 cl, 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the protection of the natural environment, in particular, to a slurry mixture obtained by processing (rendering harmless) drilling waste contaminated with oil and oil products, soils, pipe and tank cleaning sludges, and is intended for use in reclamation of disturbed lands during the construction of linear structures and site facilities; the elimination of drilling sludge pits, sludge collectors, oil sludge collectors (making an insulating layer); creating a remediation layer during the remediation of oil-contaminated lands; securing the embankment and slopes of infield roads, site facilities on the territory of licensed subsoil users; reclamation of quarries of common minerals, ores during open cast mining, overburden dumps to create a fertile soil layer; dumping of peripheral parts of bush bases; dumping of short-term lease territories provided for the period of construction of field development facilities; Strengthening the embankment of boning of cluster sites, sludge pits; foundation devices for roads, pipelines in trenches, bases for vertical steel tanks (PBC), etc .; shelter and isolation of waste during the reclamation of waste disposal sites.

The prior art soil binder and reclamation composition, including the mixture products: water, carbohydrate, protein, iron compounds, a strong base and fibrous material (US 7005005, 02.28.2006).

Known soil binder and reclamation composition, suitable for applying to bare soil to prevent or slow down soil erosion, and including mixture products: part of the soil binder, necessary for binding soil particles and containing: water, carbohydrate, protein, iron compounds and a solid base for increasing the solubility of carbohydrates and proteins in water, making the composition a strongly alkaline pH, at least initially; and a part of the soil for reclamation of disturbed lands, including: a fibrous material containing at least two different types of fibers, one type of fiber that promotes adhesion of the soil composition, and another type of fiber that promotes the emergence of new sprouted seeds or plants through the fibrous material into the soil (US 7021864, 04/04/2006).

A known composition for the remediation of oiled soils, in which finely dispersed sulfur is used as the oil-oxidizing component, activated sludge or organic and adsorbent is added to intensify the biodegradation process, and non-degassed or insufficiently degassed sulfur can be used as the oil-oxidizing component (RU 2009101698, 07.27.2010).

The disadvantage is the insufficient disinfection of oil sludge and other contaminants.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a sludge mixture that would eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the invention is to improve environmental conditions, restore the productivity of oil-contaminated and disturbed lands as a result of enrichment in the treatment of contaminated lands with oxygen and mineral fertilizers and, accordingly, reduce oil-contaminated sites.

The specified technical result is achieved in a sludge mixture containing oil sludge, drill cuttings, peat, sand, water, sorbents and biodestructors of hydrocarbons in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Oil sludge and drill cuttings - 20-25

Sand - 20-30

Peat - 30-35

Sorbents - 2-5: Mixoil or MIU-S

Hydrocarbon Biodestructors - 2-5: Soylex or Centrin

Water - 10.

The sludge mixture is made from a mixture of drill cuttings (BS), oil sludge (NS), sand, peat, sorbents (Miksoil or MIU-S) and hydrocarbon biodestructors (Soyleks or Centrin), oil destructor preparations for the purpose of neutralizing, processing drilling waste into secondary raw materials according to GOST 30772.

Neutralized and recycled BSh and NSh wastes after its processing are inert environmentally friendly soil. According to the environmental hazard class, the resulting soil is classified as a substance not higher than hazard class IV.

The use of a sludge mixture, as a rule, is carried out when forming a profile with an overlapping layer of clean soil of at least 0.5 m.

According to the physical and mechanical parameters, the prepared slurry mixture must comply with the parameters indicated in table 1.

Table 1 The properties Options Test methods in the mound in the barn Humidity% from 20 to 40 from 30 to 50 GOST 5180 Soil density, kg / m ³ from 1600 to 2000 from 1400 to 1600 GOST 5180 The density of dry soil, kg / m ³ from 1450 to 1750 from 1250 to 1500 GOST 5180 The strength of the soil shear resistance, kgf / mm ² > 0.005 GOST 12248 Soil compaction coefficient 0.80-0.90 GOST 5180

Physico-mechanical properties of the resulting sludge mixture are determined for two conditions:

- in a barn rack, after preparing the mixture in a loosened state for the purpose of its placement and burial;

- in the embankment, in the structural layer after compaction, when used in the construction direction or as an insulating layer.

The effect of neutralization during the processing of BS, NS and obtaining the claimed mixture is achieved by binding particles of drill cuttings, which are part of BS with introduced materials, and the destruction of ecotoxicants (oil products and other toxic substances) by industrial biodestructors or grown from native crops on a peat carrier, and also in a natural way due to the hydrolyzable carbohydrates, humic acids, fulvic acids, cellulose and lignin included in the composition of peat, which contribute to the destruction of residual oil products in to bitumen.

The neutralizing effect in use is achieved by converting drilling waste and drilling fluid into an inert loose mass by adding peat, sand, sorbents (Miksoil or MIU-S) and hydrocarbon biodestructors (Soyleks or Centrin) to bind pollutants in its structure and give the obtained material the specified properties as a building material in the form of a given composition.

The main physico-chemical characteristics of soils, depending on the application, must comply with table 2.

table 2 Name of indicator * Norm Appearance dry bulk Color dark brown, reddish, reddish tones allowed Humidity,%, no more 12.3 Water soluble chloride salt inclusions by weight no more than 5% Water-soluble inclusions of sulfate or sulfate-chloride salts by weight no more than 10% The content of incompletely decomposed organic substances by weight no more than 5% The content of fully decomposed organic substances in an amorphous state, by weight no more than 8% The content of particles larger than 2 mm,% by weight, not more than 25 The content of ice inclusions not frozen; lack of very icy clumps of soil, snow and ice The concentration of hydrogen ions of 1% aqueous solution, pH, not more than 7.5 Nitrogen content N (total nitrogen),% dry matter, not less than *** 1.8-2.0 The content of phosphorus P (P205),% dry matter, not less than *** 0.4-0.5 The content of available total potassium K (K20),% dry matter, not less than *** 0.4-0.5 Angle of internal friction, degrees (according to schedule 1) 26-30 Permissible content of heavy metals (trace elements), mg / kg, not more than: - copper; 132.0 - zinc; 220.0 - lead; 130.0 - mercury; 2.0 - cadmium; 2.0 - arsenic; 10.0 - nickel 80.0 - manganese 80.0 Permissible content of pesticides (residues), mg / kg *** 0.4-0.5 Permissible content of benzo (a) pyrene, mg / kg, not more than 0.02 Plasticity Number *** 1-7 Flow rate 0.12-0.28

Specific adhesion, kPa, (kgf / cm ² ) - according to schedule 1 21 (047) ÷ 47 (0.47) Deformation modulus, MPa, (cm ² ) 45 (450) Filtration coefficient, m / day *** 0.01-0.1

In barns where there is no capital drive, the collection of the liquid fraction is carried out. Running water, peat, sand, sorbent Miksoil or MIU-S, biodestructors of hydrocarbons Soylex or Centrin are added to the barn. These all components mix and displace oil:

Oil sludge and drill cuttings - 20-25%

Sand - 20-30%

Peat - 30-35%

Sorbents - Mixoil or MIU-S - 2-5%

Hydrocarbon biodestructors - Soylex or Centrin - 2-5%

The prepared mixture according to the description with preliminary reinforcement and insulation (by tensioning the polymer film on the bottom and walls of the barn) is disposed of when reinforcing sludge in the barns.

The application of the technology of hydrophobization (reinforcement) of drill cuttings (imparting water-repellent properties by consolidating its mass and binding to a solid inert mass) by curing drill cuttings eliminates the migration of contaminants outside the body of the cured material through the layer of the anti-filter screen of the slurry barn. Reinforcement is carried out using cement or any other substances similar in property and composition to cement.

Freshly prepared slurry mixture is a homogeneous soil-like mixture from a fluid-plastic to loose consistency depending on the moisture content of the feedstock.

The moisture content of the freshly prepared slurry mixture should be in the range of 20 to 50%. In the process of production and storage of the mixture with stirring and exposure to air for 1 to 30 days, the moisture leveling in the bulk of the mixture is equalized and acquires a loose or viscous-plastic consistency. Immediately before laying the sludge mixture, the humidity should be brought to values close to optimal depending on the direction of use of the sludge mixture during compaction, i.e. from 25 to 30% when carrying out reclamation works and from 13 to 20% when using it in construction.

Composition of BS. During the drilling process, up to 60-70% of water, 25-35% of sludge (cuttings), 5-6% of oil, 0.5% of bentonite and 0.5% of various additives, ensuring optimal operation of the drilling rig, can accumulate in the drill cuttings barn installation. After clarification and pumping out of the liquid phase, the solid phase remaining in the barn - BS is the raw material for thermal neutralization.

When preparing a BS for neutralization, the following physical characteristics should be determined (including in the field):

- density - in the range of 1.5-1.85 kg / m ³ (according to the standard design, 1.5 kg / m was accepted for calculations);

- humidity - in the range of 30-60%;

- petroleum product content - up to 15% (without additional inert material), more than 15% (estimated inert material is required).

The calculations adopted the average density of the spent drilling fluid - 1140 kg / m, drill cuttings - 2200 kg / m according to the data.

In the calculations, the amount of BS in the reclaimed sludge barn of 4000 m was accepted in the technological maps of a typical project.

BS fluidity increases with increasing water content and with poor solution cleaning. When drying, BSh loses fluidity and is easily milled into powder.

The freezing temperature of liquid BS is from minus 10 to minus 14 ° C, the boiling point is from plus 120 to plus 140 ° C, an increase in water content narrows this range.

When working with BS it is necessary to take into account the season of the year. When working at low temperatures (cleaning, digging sludge), it is necessary to work with frozen technogenic soil (at an air temperature below 25 ° C, the calculated amount of calcium chloride is introduced to improve the thermophysical conditions when processing technogenic soil according to PPR), during the warm season, when the BS is neutralized, work is done with dispersed soil.

Drilling waste accumulated in a structurally sorption sludge barn contains a wide range of mineral and organic pollutants represented by materials and chemical reagents used for the preparation and processing of drilling fluids.

The polluting properties and the polluting potential of drilling waste (in a broad sense - BS, drilling waste water, drilling mud waste) for environmental components are caused by the chemicals and materials contained in them.

A spent drilling fluid containing BS can contain organic components and salts that are toxic to plants and fish. Uncontrolled (in case of emergency) release of drilling fluids or BS in the area surrounding the drilling site may adversely affect vegetation and surface waters.

The initial BS should be a fluid-plastic pasty mass having a dark gray color with a metallic tint, oily to the touch and a mild, but characteristic specific smell of oil.

The density of BS is determined by the density of the drilling fluid and cuttings. For the Middle Ob region, this average value between the density of raw sand and solution is from 1300 to 1600 kg / m ³ .

The viscosity (the inverse yield property) of BS is an indicator from 0.1 to 4.5 Pa · s.

Granulometric composition of BS particles ranging from 200 to 300 microns. This explains the low waterproofing property of BS, which is explained by the passage of small particles of bentonite under the influence of hydraulic pressure between large particles of rock.

By chemical indicators, BS is a colloidal solution of particles of clay, sand, chemicals and oil in water. The pH usually corresponds to an alkaline medium and ranges from 8.5 to 10.5.

Raw materials should not contain extraneous contaminants (construction waste, wood residues, etc.), salts, and wastes of various kinds of production.

Sand for the preparation of a sludge mixture must comply with GOST 25100. Soils. Classification.

There are no restrictions on the particle size distribution, but when choosing a source of sand, coarse-grained fractions of river sands are preferred. It is possible to use uniform sand.

According to the coefficient of water saturation S _r use sands of small and medium degree of water saturation with a value of S _r from 0 to 0.8.

By the degree of salinity D _sat on the used sand (soil) restrictions are not imposed. When choosing a soil source, preference is given to non-saline variety of soil.

Sand is a mineral soil of natural origin as a filler of technogenic soil.

Peat for the preparation of the soil should be used preferably air-dry, dried in natural conditions to equilibrium moisture at the preparation site and corresponding to the technical parameters according to GOST R 51661.3. Peat for soil improvement. Technical conditions GOST R 51661.4. Peat neutralized. Specifications, or GOST R 52067. Peat for the production of nutrient soils. Technical conditions

Humidity of air-dry peat (mass fraction of moisture) before using it in a mixture should not exceed 65%.

According to GOST 25100. Soils. Classification, for the preparation of the sludge mixture, mainly air-dry peat with a decomposition degree of peat Dd _p of 20 to 35% (slightly decomposed and medium decomposed varieties, respectively) should be used. In terms of ash content, when choosing raw materials, preference is given to high-ash peat with an indicator D _as - from 25 to 30 CU

The use of peat in the composition of the sludge mixture leads to sorption, binding of toxic substances contained in BS and NS, and thereby prevents their migration into the environment. The presence of peat in the prepared sludge mixture plays the role of an organogenic substrate that provides optimal conditions for germination of ameliorant plants used at the biological stage of reclamation during sowing, planting them directly in technogenic soil.

Peat is an organic rock formed as a result of the dying and incomplete decay of bog plants under conditions of increased moisture with a lack of oxygen and a content of not more than 50% of mineral components on dry matter.

Peat is not a toxic product and is a biologically pure material that does not contain pathogens, weed seeds and is safe when used for remediation purposes.

Oil sludge - wastes from oil production, oil preparation and transportation processes obtained during the cleaning of tank farms of oil pumping stations, which are a difficult to separate mixture of oil products boiling over a wide temperature range, include water, fur. impurities - clay, sand, iron sulfides and more. Intervals of boiling 80% of the mass from 216 to 350 ° C. The water content is 18% of the mass, the content of sand, clay and iron sulfide is 10% of the mass. The oil sludge taken from the tank is a black gelatinous paste, which, when heated to 57 ° C, passes into an easily flowing liquid at a density of 0.854 g / cm ³ .

NS in sludge collectors and trap oils in reservoirs, regardless of the sources of formation, over time, settle and are divided into three layers:

- the top layer is low-water oil with a relatively low mass content of solids from 0.5% (for trap oils) to 1.5% (for barn oils);

- the middle layer is a finely divided emulsion of a complex type (“direct” and “reverse”) with a mass content of water up to 70-80% and mechanical impurities from 1.5 to 15.0%. The middle layer is usually small in volume. Water and mechanical impurities in it can increase monotonically from top to bottom, can be randomly distributed in volume, and can be distributed almost uniformly;

- the bottom, bottom layer consists of 70% of the solid phase, impregnated with petroleum products up to 5-10% and water up to 25%; the oil content is relatively constant, the amount of solids increases with depth. In this case, the liquid phase is a persistent oil-water emulsion.

For the manufacture of a slurry mixture, the use of mineral soil (sand) of one of two types is provided. First of all, soil moves to the barn, making up the embankment of the debris, then the imported one. Materials (peat, sand) introduced into the BS and NS are mixed by the bucket of the excavator. In order to create a remediation layer on the surface of the site of the poured barn at the end of the backfill, the site is being prepared for the further biological stage of reclamation - planning and plating with peat chips.

In the calculations for a standard project, the average density of the obtained technogenic soil from 1600 to 2000 kg / m ^{3 was} adopted.

The pH of the salt extract of the prepared soil is taken at least 5.8.

The sludge mixture can be used to erect the roadbed subgrade, fix the embankment and slopes of infield roads, site facilities on the territory of licensed subsoil users, fill the peripheral parts of bush bases, to strengthen the embankment of the debris sites, sludge pits, short-term rental areas provided for the period construction of facilities for field development, shelter and isolation of waste during landfill reclamation waste due to the presence of an appropriate density of the skeleton of anthropogenic soil and the density of the mixture with the necessary bearing capacity and confirmation of the hazard class of soil not higher than class IV based on the results of biotesting or calculation of the hazard class (if component composition is present).

The use of the prepared sludge mixture is carried out during the reclamation of disturbed lands, oil-contaminated lands, backfilling of previously developed soil pits, sludge pits, quarries of common minerals, ores during open cast mining, overburden dumps, the construction of earthworks by its layering and compaction.

Example 1

From the sludge collector (barn), the liquid fraction is pumped out, which is then discharged into the collector.

The remaining component in the sludge collector NS and BS in an amount of 20 wt.% Is mixed and then sand is added - 30 wt.%, Peat - 35 wt.%, Mixoil - 3 wt.%, Soylex - 2 wt.% And water 10 wt.% .

Everyone mixes, if there are chopping residues or other wood waste near the bush, they are laid on the surface of the drill cuttings in an even layer after pumping to reinforce the surface of the cuttings.

The barn is filled with a bulldozer by thrusting the soil. Driveways are dredged, dividing the barn into 4 or more equal parts, dumped driveways and the periphery, the remaining area of the barn is dumped (quartering method). This order of filling reduces the mobility of plastic drill cuttings, reduces the likelihood of subsidence or expansion of the reclaimed surface.

At the end of the backfill of the barn, its surface is planned, compacted by rolling up with caterpillar equipment. The result should be a small mound with gentle slopes.

If during the filling process the sludge was squeezed out onto the day surface, the squeezed out sludge is left for drying to a plastic consistency and is transported to the barn to be reclaimed.

In the future, if necessary, sand and peat can be added, after which the resulting soil is seeded with grass.

Example 2

Collection of spilled oil during the repair of wells. The liquid fraction is pumped out, which was formed from precipitation, groundwater, and then discharged into the collector. The contaminated layer of the earth is cut off and neutralized at the UZG-1MGZh installation.

Reclamation technical stage

Cleaning the site of solid household waste, dead wood, logging residues, planning the territory - cutting hillocks, backfilling pits and holes, flattening and leveling slopes, slopes with a bulldozer.

Material loading into dump trucks by an excavator, loader, transportation of the mixture to the place of laying in excavations, quarries, slurry barns. Moving the mixture into the excavation by an excavator, leveling with a bulldozer with a layer thickness of 0.3-0.5 m. Rolling the mixture with a swamp modification bulldozer. Repeat operations for each backfill layer of the notch. The film, previously used for waterproofing the site for preparing sludge mixtures, is disposed of when reinforcing sludge in barns.

On sloping sandy soils (slopes of roads, quarries), when sand is fixed, the slurry mixture is prepared from sludge and peat with the highest possible share of well drilling waste, applied with a layer of 10-15 cm and mixed with the soil by milling to a depth of 25-30 cm.

For deoxidation and structuring of peat soils, a mixture of drilling waste and sand is prepared, applied to the soil surface with a layer of 10-15 cm and mixed with peat by milling to a depth of 25-30 cm. In this and previous cases, the final formation of a soil-slurry mixture of the required TU 0391-003- 00138614-2012 component composition occurs in the process of land reclamation.

Creating a remediation layer

Sludge mixtures for the formation of a reclamation layer can be prepared directly at the site of reclamation work.

When creating a remediation layer on soils with physical or chemical properties unfavorable for plants, a three-component sludge mixture (sludge, sand, peat) is used according to the technology described above by sequential layer-by-layer laying of peat, sand and sludge with a layer thickness of 5-10 cm. According to the results of chemical analysis of the mixture before milling on the surface of the upper layer are introduced in the required quantities elements of mineral nutrition, deoxidizing agent and, if necessary, additives that reduce the toxicity of the position. When carrying out reclamation on soils with favorable physical and chemical properties, peat and sludge are successively laid on the soil surface in layers of 5-10 cm, the necessary additives are added and the area is milled to a depth of 25-30 cm, which allows you to introduce soil into the mixture and provide the required physical mechanical and environmental characteristics of the remediation layer.

To neutralize excess acidity, limestone materials are introduced into the sludge mixture. The limestone materials used must meet the following requirements:

- ground natural chalk in accordance with GOST 17498-72 of the grade MMIP-1 or MMIP-2,

- limestone flour of the 2nd class or dolomite flour of the 3rd class. The rate of application of limestone flour or chalk depends on the acidity of the mixture.

A slurry mixture has been prepared: NS and BS in an amount of 25 wt.%, Sand - 25 wt.%, Peat - 30 wt.%, MIU-S - 5 wt.%, Soylex - 5 wt.% And water 10 wt.%.

Mineral fertilizers are added to the resulting prepared mixture and the cleaned lands, on which oil products were previously spilled, are covered in a 2 layer after sand.

In the future, if necessary, sand and peat can be added, after which the resulting soil is sown with grass or seedlings are planted.

Example 3

Preparation of the mixture is possible at a specialized landfill, prepared site, in a sludge barn. The device platform for processing drill cuttings and mixing with peat and sand:

- alignment work, planning the base of the site, soil compaction;

- waterproofing the site by laying a polyethylene film in 2 layers over the base area;

- filling the site with soil at design elevations with a protective layer thickness of at least 0.5 m to the groundwater level;

- the site waterproofing can be ensured by the clogging of the pores of the sandy soil with the clay-colloidal phase BS, which occurs during the work, when the soil surface is impregnated with BS suspension, or after mixing in a layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm.

Processing of drill cuttings into building material - a mixture of sludge:

- transportation of sludge to the place of processing in equipped dump trucks;

- development, loading and transportation of prepared peat and sand or a finished peat-sand mixture;

- unloading the components of the mixture on the working platform with the formation of shafts (when mixing with excavators) or layers (when mixing with cutters).

In the first case, unloading is performed “clamping” with the formation of 3 closed rows of components with subsequent mixing by an excavator.

In the second case, soil is preliminarily imported, prepared and sequentially spread with a bulldozer of peat, sand and sludge in layers of 15-20 cm 100 m long with a strip width of 2.0 - 2.5 m with subsequent mixing of the layers with an FBN-2 mill in the unit with a tractor DT-75B. Sampling for testing and confirming the suitability of the material for use. Adding, if necessary, additives to bring the mixture to hazard class 5, giving it the necessary water-physical and agrochemical properties, followed by strip milling. Collection of the prepared mixture from the grips in stacks - piles with a bulldozer, storage of the mixture.

The preparation of the mixture in the sludge barn is carried out according to the technology described above with preliminary reinforcement and isolation with a polymer film of the sludge contained in the barn. Mixing the mixture is carried out by an excavator.

The remaining component in the sludge collector NS and BS in an amount of 23 wt.% Is mixed and then sand is added - 23 wt.%, Peat - 34 wt.%, MIU-S - 5 wt.%, Centrin - 5 wt.% And water 10 wt. .%.

The preparation of the mixture in the sludge barn is carried out according to the technology described above with preliminary reinforcement and isolation with a polymer film of the sludge contained in the barn. Mixing the mixture is carried out by an excavator.

In the future, if necessary, sand and peat can be added, after which the resulting soil is seeded with grass.

Example 4

The composition of the solid phase BS includes varying degrees of dispersion of the particles of drill cuttings and clay powders introduced into the washing liquid (bentonite, montmorillonite). The lithological characteristics of the geological section of the wells indicate the presence of particles of sand, clay, siltstones, sandstones, mudstones, marls, limestones and other rocks in the sludge.

The density of the particles of rocks in the range of 2.00-2.40 g / cm ³ , the porosity of 20-30%. The liquid phase of drill cuttings is formed due to the discharge of a certain amount of drilling fluid, as well as wastewater when washing equipment - vibrosieve, screws, etc.

According to the hazardous waste certificate, the spent drilling fluid includes the following components:

- water 85-95%;

- chemicals 5-15% (including clay powder - PMBA bentonite 80-86%, oil and oil products up to 0.5-1.5%, CMC preparations 1-2%, calcined and caustic soda 0.1-0 , 2%, preparations of FC 2000 8-9%, saipan 1.5-2%, other additives: hypane, hydrochloric acid, etc. - the rest).

The following groups are distinguished in the composition of reagents:

1 - lubricating fat additives, oil, GKZH, fish oil and grease. Oil is not introduced into these drilling fluids; its insignificant presence in the sludge is due to the drilling of productive horizons;

2 - structure-forming regulators of thixotropic and rheological properties (acrylic compounds, water-soluble polymers, CMC);

3 - weighting agents (barite), pH regulators (alkalis, acids) and other substances. When preparing drill cuttings for processing, its following characteristics are determined:

- density - should have values in the range of 1.5-1.85 g / cm ³ ,

- humidity - should be in the range of 30-60%. With a lower moisture content, the sludge goes into a “plastic-like” state and mixes poorly; with a higher water content, the finished mixture has a flowing consistency and is not suitable for compaction.

The remaining component in the sludge collector NS and BS in the amount of 25 wt.% Is mixed and then sand is added - 30 wt.%, Peat - 30 wt.%, MIU-S - 3 wt.%, Soylex - 2 wt.% And water 10 wt. .%.

With a semi-liquid consistency of sludge in the barn to prevent its extrusion during backfilling, the surface is reinforced with chopping residues and non-toxic waste and (or) backfilling with a layer of dried peat.

In any case, if there are chopping residues or other wood waste near the bush, they are laid on the surface of the drill cuttings in a uniform layer after pumping to reinforce the surface of the cuttings.

Filling the barn with soil

During the phytoremediation process, the prepared slopes are additionally strengthened to prevent erosion by flood waters by willow planting at the rate of 3-5 seedlings per 1 sq. M.

Example 5

Preparation of the mixture at the landfill

The preparation of DSCM is carried out at the site for the neutralization of industrial waste on the licensed area of the Customer. On the site there are waterproofing platforms for accumulating drilling waste, platforms for mixing sludge with soil and additives of detoxifiers, platforms for accumulating finished products, ponds, sedimentation tanks for collecting and clarifying the aqueous phase of drilling waste. In the period with negative air temperatures, accumulation of drilling waste is carried out, in the spring, as the thaw is thawed, it moves to the sites for mixing DSCM components. If the products can be transported to the places of use within four hours, cement is immediately introduced into the mixture. If this is not possible, sludge is mixed with soil and detoxifier additives and the mixture is temporarily stored at the finished product storage sites. Cement is added to the mixture when it becomes possible to remove DSCM to the places of consumption no later than 4 hours after mixing.

The technological process of preparing the mixture consists of the following operations:

1. Preparation of the landfill site.

2. Drill cuttings are transported by dump trucks, unloaded onto a soil layer and leveled by a grader. OBR is transported in tanks, injected into the mixture by injection using the CA-320 aggregate in one go.

3. Stirring in one pass of the cutter. Mixing by a grader or excavator is allowed. When the humidity of the mixture exceeds 1.25 optimal, a technological break is maintained, during which re-mixing is performed to dry the mixture.

4. Delivery and distribution of cement using a machine 2SMN-20 or distributor DS-72.

5. The final mixing of the mixture in two passes of the cutter with dampening (if necessary) after the first pass or mixing with an excavator, grader.

6. Collection (stacking) and shipment of the mixture to dump trucks using a bulldozer and loader (excavator).

The use of composite materials in the reclamation of sludge pits

The remaining component in the sludge collector NS and BS in an amount of 22 wt.% Is mixed and then sand is added - 28 wt.%, Peat - 32 wt.%, Mixoil - 4 wt.%, Soylex - 4 wt.% And water 10 wt.% .

During the reclamation of sludge pits to prevent the extrusion of sludge, it is reinforced with wood. Using composite materials for reinforcing can save wood, provide not only better reinforcement, but also reliable waterproofing of sludge.

The preparation of hardened soil can be done at the landfill, specially equipped sites or directly in the sludge barn.

When using a pre-prepared composite material, the sludge is easily reinforced with twigs and a reinforced soil is applied by thrust using a bulldozer. The work is carried out sequentially along the perimeter of the barn with a strip of 5-6 m with a layer thickness of 50-100 cm. After 4-5 days, after the cement-cement has set, the next strip is formed with the bulldozer entering the fortified soil. With a thick consistency of sludge, it is possible to prepare the mixture directly in the sludge barn using an excavator. An excavator applies a layer of sand with a thickness of 25-50 cm on the surface of the sludge, cement and the mixture are repeatedly mixed with a bucket by an excavator on top of the sand. The width of the strip depends on the length of the boom of the excavator. After setting the cement soil, the following strip is similarly formed using the previous one as a supporting platform for the excavator

In the future, if necessary, sand and peat, mineral fertilizers can be added, after which the resulting soil is seeded with grass.

Claims (3)

1. Sludge mixture, characterized in that it contains oil sludge, drill cuttings, peat, sand, water, sorbents and biodegradable hydrocarbons, in the following ratio, wt.%:
Oil sludge and drill cuttings 20-25 Sand 20-30 Peat 30-35 Sorbents 2-5 Hydrocarbon biodestructors 2-5 Water 10. 2. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorbents are Miksoil or MIU-S. 3. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the biodegradable hydrocarbons are Soylex or Centrin.