RU2274750C1 - Method for land reclamation in the case of land corruption by opened deposit development - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining, particularly reclamation of surface-mined areas in agriculture and building industry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves selectively mining, moving and accumulating ground layer and overburden in separate strip dumps; excavating open-pit field; smoothing thereof and ground layer laying. After open-pit field excavation the excavated space is filled with building waste up to high ground water layer. The building waste has composition close to that of natural minerals with different fraction dimensions. The building waste is laid in several layers each having thickness of 40-60 cm. Each layer is compacted with soil compactors or compacting mechanism. Then draining layer is laid. The draining layer is layer of gravel-sand ground with particle dimensions of not more than 200 mm and has thickness of not less than 0.6 m. The draining layer is compacted by vibratory plates. Then two parallel spiral channels are excavated along each pit perimeter from slope side. Coil of each channel starts at pit slope top and terminates at bottom thereof at upper ground water level. Both channels are filled with building waste having particle dimensions of not more than 150 mm. After that holes for trees planting are dug out, wherein the holes are arranged between channel coils. Drainage layer is located on hole bottoms so that the drainage layer is connected with building waste of the channels and holes are filled with fertile ground. Then perennial grass, bushes and trees are planted in the reclamated land.

EFFECT: reduced labor inputs and reclamation work costs, improved land protection against wind erosion and scouring.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining and processing industries and can be used to restore disturbed lands in agriculture, the construction and energy industry.

A known method of restoring disturbed soils (1) during open-pit mining of deposits, including excavating, moving and storing soil layers and overburden in separate tape dumps, mining a quarry field, moving and laying overburden and soil layers. However, restoration of disturbed lands with this method occurs over a very long period, and the soil layer is subject to wind and water erosion.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of restoring disturbed lands during open pit mining (2), including separate excavation, moving and storing soil layer and overburden into separate tape dumps, mining a quarry field, laying out the worked out space and leveling it overburden with subsequent laying of the soil layer. The disadvantage of this method is to extract large volumes of soil to create a fertile layer, which, in turn, leads to the formation of large areas of disturbed land, an increase in labor costs and a significant increase in the cost of restoration work.

The proposed technical solution reduces labor costs and the cost of restoration work, and also protects the soil from wind and water erosion.

To this end, the method of developing land disturbed by open-pit mining involves separate excavation, transfer and storage of soil layer and overburden into separate tape dumps, development of a quarry field, its leveling and laying of the soil layer. After mining the quarry field, the worked-out space is preliminarily laid to the boundary of the upper groundwater level with construction waste that is close in composition to natural minerals with different grain sizes, layer by layer with a layer thickness of not more than 40-60 cm, while each layer is alternately compacted by packing with sealing machines or mechanisms, then lay a drainage layer with a thickness of at least 0.6 m from sand and gravel soil with a grain size of not more than 200 mm, followed by compaction by vibrating plate t, then along the contour of each quarry, from the side of the slope, in a spiral, lay two channels parallel to each other. Moreover, a turn of each of the channels begins to be laid on the top of the slope of the quarry, and ends below at the border of the upper groundwater level, then both channels are clogged with construction waste with a grain size of not more than 150 mm, after which top-down holes between the channels are excavated for landing trees with subsequent laying on the bottom of the landing holes of drainage associated with the construction waste of the canals, and the drainage layer, slopes of quarries and landing holes for planting trees are dumped potentially fertile primer layers, followed by planting perennial grasses and transplanting trees and shrubs. Tinning with perennial herbs is carried out by pouring a layer at least 5 cm thick from a fertile mixture, which, in turn, contains perennial grass seeds, mineral fertilizers, a stabilizing material and a filler.

The implementation of this invention reduces the cost of restoration work through the use of construction waste that is constantly generated as a result of reconstruction, demolition and repair of buildings and structures, and there is no need to extract large volumes of soil, the share of creating a fertile layer. Given the fact that constantly generated construction waste is disposed of in landfills for the disposal of domestic and industrial waste, the introduction of this invention will improve the environmental situation. Application of a layer from a fertile mixture makes it possible in a short time and at low cost to solve the problem of covering exposed slopes of quarries with grass vegetation, which means increasing soil resistance to water and wind erosion.

The drawing shows a diagram of the implementation of this method.

The method is as follows. Initially, planning works are performed on the area of the disturbed site. The average absolute mark (ground level) is set taking into account the feasibility study. Territory planning is carried out with the legend of the planned surface of a slight bias towards a general lowering of the earth's surface. Then they start laying down the developed quarries (1), laying in layers (2, 3, 4) construction waste with various sizes of fractions. As construction waste, use burnt brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, ceramic tile battle. Moreover, each laid layer should be no more than 40-60 cm. The layers are compacted by rolling using sealing machines and mechanisms. Laying the layers is carried out sequentially until the upper boundary of the groundwater level is reached (5). After that, a drainage layer (6) is laid from sand and gravel soil with a grain size of 150-200 mm and a layer thickness of at least 0.6 meters, followed by compaction using vibrating plates. The drainage layer can also be laid out of construction waste, having previously crushed them to the size of the battle within 150-200 mm. Then, along the contour of each open pit, from top to bottom, from the side of the slope, two channels (7) are laid in a spiral parallel to each other and clogged with construction waste with a grain size of no more than 150 mm - 200 mm. When using construction waste, it is necessary to exclude the ingress of organic waste into them in order to exclude suppuration and gas evolution. On the continuous path formed between the two channels, top-down spirals are also excavated for planting pits (8) 1-2 m deep and 1.5-2 m in diameter for planting trees. At the bottom of each landing pit (8), drainage (9) is laid from mulching material and pebbles with a layer of at least 30 cm. Then the slopes of the quarries (1), the drainage layer (6) and the pits (8) are covered with trees (10) from potentially fertile soil of a certain thickness. After complete filling of the planting pit (8) with fertile soil, trees are planted, followed by tinned perennial grasses. Vertical channels (7), coupled with drainage of mulching material from pebbles at the bottom of the landing pit (8), serve as moisture storage. Such arrangement of landing pits (8) ensures the accumulation and preservation of autumn-winter precipitation, and in the dry sultry hot period of the summer season, due to the temperature difference on the surface and inside the pit, it condenses the vaporous atmosphere in the root zone of the soil. Tinning with perennial herbs is carried out by pouring a layer with a thickness of at least 5 cm from a fertile mixture that contains seeds of perennial herbs, mineral fertilizers, a stabilizing material and a filler. The fertile mixture is prepared as follows. Mineral fertilizers, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, triethylene glycol in certain proportions are introduced into the water. The mixture is stirred until the components are completely dissolved. Then the seeds are introduced into the chernozem with sand, after which the mixture is again mixed and applied to the surface of the soil. In this mixture, particles of chernozem and seeds are enveloped in gelatinous polymer solutions and, due to this, adhere to each other and to the soil surface. A polymer film at the same time protects each particle from exposure to water, wind and the sun.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1062392, class E 21 C 41/00, 1983

2. Patent of Russia No. 2109427, cl. A 01 B 79/02, 1998.

Claims (2)

1. The method of development of land disturbed by open-cast mining, including separate excavation, movement and storage of soil layer and overburden in separate tape dumps, development of a quarry field, its leveling and laying of the soil layer, characterized in that after the development of the quarry field pre-laying the developed space to the boundary of the upper level of groundwater with construction waste that is close in composition to natural minerals with different sizes of fractions, according to layer with a layer thickness of not more than 40-60 cm, while each layer is successively compacted by rolling with sealing machines or mechanisms, then a drainage layer of at least 0.6 m thickness is laid from sand and gravel soil with a grain size of not more than 200 mm, followed by compaction by vibrating plates, then along the contour of each quarry, from the side of the slope, in a spiral, lay two channels parallel to each other, and the turn of each channel begin to lay on the top of the slope of the quarry, and end below at the boundary of the upper level of sewage water, then both canals are clogged with construction waste with a grain size of not more than 150 mm, then from top to bottom in a spiral between the canals, dig pits for planting trees, followed by laying drainage associated with the construction waste from the canals at the bottom of the canals, and the drainage layer , slopes of quarries and landing pits for planting trees are covered with potentially fertile soil layers, followed by tinning with perennial grasses and planting of trees and shrubs. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that tinning with perennial herbs is carried out by pouring a layer with a thickness of at least 5 cm from a fertile mixture, which, in turn, contains seeds of perennial herbs, mineral fertilizers, a stabilizing material and a filler.