RU2387837C1 - Method for recovery of exhausted open pits for construction of structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and processing industries and may be used to recover disturbed lands in agriculture, construction and power engineering industry. Method consists in the fact that after open pit has been exhausted, its space is filled in layers first with construction waste, and then filled with overburden to the elevation of pit bottom for foundation of future structure, at the same time layer of overburden is leveled with a layer of sand having medium size with further compaction. Then future structure foundation axes are laid, as well as future solid reinforced concrete elements according to accepted design structural scheme relative to axes of foundations. Along each of laid longitudinal axes of future solid reinforced concrete elements, at the pit bottom panel forms are erected, evenly filled with concrete mix of grade not less than B 15 by quarter of panel form height, laid concrete mix is compacted by rodding, then reinforced frames are installed onto freshly laid concrete mix, and panel forms are fully filled with concrete mix. After concrete mix poured into panel forms gains strength, panel forms are removed, and space between produced longitudinal solid reinforced concrete elements is filled with crushed slag. Afterwards soil foundation is filled, which includes two layers: intermediate layer of dry mix of soil and crushed slag, and above a layer of crushed stone from solid rocks of medium size to the elevation of foundation level of constructed structure, besides soil foundation thickness equals height of cross section of longitudinal solid reinforced concrete elements, and thickness of intermediate later from mix of soil and slag stone makes one third of foundation level thickness, besides, the last level is flattened and compacted, and then foundation is erected.

EFFECT: reduction of labour expenses and cost of recovery works.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining and processing industries and can be used to restore disturbed lands in agriculture, the construction and energy industry.

A known method of restoring disturbed soils (1) during open-pit mining of deposits, including excavating, moving and storing soil layers and overburden in separate tape dumps, mining a quarry field, moving and laying overburden and soil layers. However, restoration of disturbed lands with this method occurs over a very long period, and the soil layer is subject to wind and water erosion.

There is a method of restoring disturbed lands during open-pit mining of deposits (2), which includes separate excavation, transfer and storage of soil layer and overburden into separate tape dumps, mining of a quarry field, laying of worked out space and its leveling by overburden, followed by laying of the soil layer. The disadvantage of this method is to extract large volumes of soil to create a fertile layer, which in turn leads to the formation of large areas of disturbed land, an increase in labor costs and a significant increase in the cost of restoration work.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of restoring disturbed lands during open-pit mining of deposits (3), which includes separate excavation, transfer and storage of soil layer and overburden into separate tape dumps, quarrying, laying out the worked out space layer-by-layer with construction waste, similar in composition to natural minerals, with the compaction of each layer, the laying of a drainage layer and the filling of a layer of potential fertile soil. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of restoration work due to the extraction of large volumes of fertile soil.

The proposed technical solution reduces labor costs and the cost of restoration work. This is achieved by the fact that in the method of restoring quarries for construction of facilities, including separate excavation, moving and storing soil layers and overburden into separate tape dumps, quarrying, laying out the worked-out space with construction waste first, which is close in composition to natural minerals, and then overburden, according to the invention, the laying of the quarry mined-out space is carried out up to the design level of the depth of the pit under the foundation of the under construction angles, then form a foundation pit from the quarry under the foundation of the building under construction, then level the bottom of the foundation pit with a layer of sand of medium size with its subsequent compaction, then break down the axes of the foundations of the building under construction and break down the longitudinal axes of future monolithic reinforced concrete elements with respect to the foundation axes and according to the accepted design scheme Shield formwork is erected on each of the marked longitudinal axes of future monolithic reinforced concrete elements at the bottom of the pit. The height of the shield formwork is determined equal to the cross-sectional height of future longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements, which in turn is determined on the basis of strength calculations and depends on the load on the foundation of the building under construction. Then, the erected shield formwork is evenly filled with concrete mix of a grade not lower than B15, first by a quarter of its height, the laid concrete mixture is compacted by bayonet, then the reinforcing cages are laid on the freshly laid concrete mixture along the entire length of each of the shield formwork and panel formwork is completely filled with concrete, after that as the concrete mixture poured into the panel formwork gains strength, the panel formwork is removed and the space between the formed longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements w with varnish gravel, after that they pour out a pillow of the foundation foundation of the future foundation, consisting of two layers: first, an intermediate layer of a mixture of soil and slag gravel is sprinkled, and on top of it a layer of crushed stone from medium-sized hard rocks to the mark of the foundation sole of the building under construction, while the thickness of the pillow the foundation of the future foundation is equal to the cross-sectional height of longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of a mixture of soil and slag crushed stone is one third of the thickness odushki future foundation base, the latter layer are aligned and sealed, and the panel forms a longitudinal monolithic concrete elements mounted on the calculated distance from each other.

The implementation of this invention dramatically reduces the cost of restoration work through the use of a quarry (there is no need to dig a pit), construction waste that is constantly generated as a result of reconstruction, demolition and repair of buildings and structures, and there is no need to extract large volumes of soil to create a fertile layer. Given the fact that constantly generated construction waste is disposed of in landfills for the disposal of domestic and industrial waste, the introduction of this invention will improve the environmental situation. The use of longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements during the construction of structures built on artificial foundations allows several times to increase the bearing capacity of such a foundation, to reduce and redistribute stresses in plan and in depth of the compressible zone of the foundations of the foundations of the building under construction. The use of metallurgical slag can also reduce the cost of construction, since the activity of slag gravel improves the strength characteristics of the foundation without additional use of binders, and at the same time, the issues of eliminating technogenic formations and land reclamation are being addressed.

The proposed method is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of the implementation of this method, Fig. 2 is a section 1-1, Fig. 3 is a design structural diagram of the longitudinal axes of monolithic reinforced concrete elements in terms of a strip foundation.

The method is as follows.

First, on the area of the disturbed area, planning works are performed. The average absolute mark is set taking into account the feasibility study. Then make a preliminary filling of the quarry (1) with construction waste layer by layer (2, 3, 4) with different particle sizes. Each layer is sealed by rolling using sealing machines and mechanisms. Then pour the quarry (1) with a layer (5) of overburden to the bottom of the pit (6) under the foundation of the construction under construction. The overburden layer (5) is leveled and compacted. Plan the bottom of the pit and breakdown the axes (A) under the foundation of the building under construction. Next, a leveling layer (7) of medium-sized sand with its subsequent compaction is laid on a layer (5) of overburden. After laying the leveling layer (7), the longitudinal axes of future monolithic reinforced concrete elements (8) are broken down relative to the foundation axes. Shield formwork (9) is being erected for each of the longitudinal axes of the future monolithic reinforced concrete elements (8). Next, a concrete mix of a grade not lower than B15 is prepared and the shield formwork (9) is first filled with it at one quarter of its height, compacted with bayonet and reinforcement frames (10) are immediately laid on it. Then, the shield formwork (9) is completely filled with concrete mixture. After the concrete mixture poured into the shield formwork (9) gains strength, the formwork is removed. The space between the formed longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements is filled with slag gravel (11). After that, the pillow (12) of the foundation of the building under construction is poured: first, an intermediate layer (13) of the dry mixture of local soil and slag crushed stone is poured, and on top of it is a crushed stone layer of medium-sized solid rocks. Dry soil-slag mixture is prepared at the construction site, the percentage ratio of the components is determined by the results of the study of artificial soils included in the foundation foundation of the construction under construction. The last layer (14) is poured to the level of the foundation sole (15). The thickness of the pillow is equal to the height of the cross section of the longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements. The thickness of the intermediate layer (13) is one third of the thickness of the pillow (12). On the basis of the foundation they build. As building waste, beaten fired brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, and ceramic tile are used.

Information sources

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 1062392, cl. E21C 41/00, 1983.

2. Russian Patent No. 2109427, Cl. A01B 79/02, 1988.

3. Patent of Russia No. 2274749, Cl. E21C 41/32, 2006.

Claims (2)

1. A method of restoring mined quarries for the construction of structures, including separate excavation, movement and storage of soil layer and overburden in separate tape heaps, quarrying, laying of mined quarry space layer by layer with compaction of layers, initially construction waste, similar in composition to natural minerals and then overburden with subsequent alignment and compaction, characterized in that the laying of the quarry mined space is carried out before the design marks the depth of the pit for the foundation of the building under construction, then form the pit, level its bottom with a layer of sand of medium size with its subsequent compaction, then break down the axes of the foundations of the future structure and break down the accepted axes of the future monolithic reinforced concrete elements relative to the axes of the foundation and for each of the marked longitudinal axes of future monolithic reinforced concrete elements at the bottom of the pit, shield formwork is erected, their bet is uniformly filled with a mix of grade not lower than 15, first by a quarter of the height of the shield formwork, compact the laid concrete mixture with bayonet, then reinforcing cages are laid on the freshly laid concrete mixture along the entire length of each of the panel formwork and completely fill the concrete formwork with concrete after pouring the concrete mixture will gain strength in the panel formwork, the panel formwork is removed and the space between the formed longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements is filled with slag crushed stone, then the pillow is poured, consisting of two layers: first, an intermediate layer of dry mix of soil and slag crushed stone is poured, and on top of it a layer of crushed stone of medium-sized solid rocks up to the mark of the foundation bottom of the building under construction, while the thickness of the pillow is equal to the height of the cross section of longitudinal monolithic reinforced concrete elements, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of a mixture of soil and slag crushed stone is one third of the thickness of the pillow, while the last layer is leveled and compacted, and the shield formwork for longitudinal monolithic e reinforced concrete elements are installed at a calculated distance from each other. 2. The method of restoring mining pits for the construction of structures according to claim 1, characterized in that as the construction waste use beaten fired brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, ceramic tile.

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