SU1065378A1 - Raw mix for makng expanded clay - Google Patents

Abstract

RAW MIXTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMZITE, including clay raw materials, bauxitovu and organic additives, characterized in that, in order to reduce water absorption, it. contains organic sludge as an organic additive at the following ratio of components, wt.%: Clay raw material 89.7-95.8 bauxite dosage 2-10 Active or 0.3-2.2

Description

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The invention relates to the production of building materials, in particular to the composition of l for the manufacture of concrete filling material - expanded clay.

The known raw material mixture for the manufacture of expanded clay, including, wt.%:

Weakly crumbling clay material 99-98 sulphate VKUio 1-2 A disadvantage of the known raw mixture for the production of expanded clay is that the structure of the resulting claydite gravel has a polydisperse distribution of porosity with a significant number of large cavernous pores, which leads to an increase in the vdoprodite distribution and decrease in the strength of ceramsite Gravel. Also known is the raw material mixture for the manufacture of expanded clay, 2, incl., May. %:

 Clay raw material 80-95 Bauxite5-20

A disadvantage of the known raw material mixture is that expanded clay gravel obtained on its basis is characterized by a increased bulk density (700-1000 kg / mN insufficiently high coefficient of structural quality and a significant content of open (apparent) pores in the expanded clay.

The closest to the technical essence of the invention is the raw material mixture for the manufacture of expanded clay 3j, including, wt.%: Clay raw material 75g-85 Bauxite 10-25

Coal 4-5 A disadvantage of the known raw material mixture is that the expanded clay from it has high water absorption.

The aim of the invention is to reduce water absorption.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the raw mix for the manufacture of expanded clay, including clay raw materials, bauxite and organic additives, contains in non-organic additives, activated sludge at the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Clay raw materials 89,7-95,8 Boksitova additive 2-10 Active or 0.3-2.2

Activated sludge is also grown in wastewater from pulp and paper mills from kmroorganisms, which purify water and process organic compounds dissolved in them (phenol, ethanol, lignin, sulfur) into an insoluble state of CCL, HCOj, CaCCj, etc.

As a result, biological mass is obtained - activated sludge, which contains (includes) 10-15 species of microorganisms.

Active sludge helps to increase closed pores in expanded clay.

The occurrence of a sufficiently large number of closed pores in the process of swelling of fusible clays J with an organo-mineral additive occurs due to the creation of an overpressure in closed pores. This occurs after the sintering process is completed in clay, and

 The reactions that take place thereafter are reactions between iron oxide and solid carbon, containing Schims in activated sludge. These reactions stimulate an increase in the number of closed pores, since positive

5 only those reactions in which solid carbon is involved have gas balance. At elevated heating rates of the raw granules, a large amount of iron oxides is intensively reduced, which leads to an increase in the pressure inside the closed pores and an increase in their amount, i.e. the content increases from 1.5 to 4-5%. Activated sludge, as a rule, is taken to a production dump or burned, which leads to the alienation of land areas and the pollution of the air basin. The use of activated sludge as a swelling agent will allow the use of industrial waste and by-products of the pulp and paper mill in the production of building materials and products from them.

5 As a bauxite additive, overburden and underlying rocks are used in the development of a bauxite quarry, for example, sglsliti or allite, or a mixture of them.

- Examples Use clay raw materials from the Kazarma field (Kotlas).

To prepare from the onion mixture, the components are crushed thoroughly, with the bauxite additive (siallytes or allytes, or their mixture / to a fraction less than 0.315 mm. Then the components are introduced into the mixer and moistened with an aqueous solution of organic additive — active sludge to a relative moisture 21-23%, are carefully averaged and mixed. From the mixture obtained, granuga with a size of 14x14 mm is molded, dried by drying at 100-. and heat treated in

5 electromoables for 15 minutes and then roasting in a silicon furnace at an optimum expansion temperature of 1220-1230 s for 7 minutes at intervals of. After

About firing grana / and cooled in air.

Specific examples of compositions for the manufacture of expanded clay from the proposed raw material mixture and known are listed in Table. one.

Table 1

table 2

Expanded clay from clay with the addition of 1% sulphate carbonate is characterized by the presence of large pores of open-type ellipsoidal forms of 1.5-2 mm in size with a predominance of small pores of 0.1-0.6 mm in size. Interporous partitions are thin, 0.010.05 mm thick with an abundance of the smallest pores. In connection with such a structure of open porosity, there is an increased absorption of the querm.

The porosity structure of expanded clay from clay from the Barracks field with the addition of 13% bauxite is characterized by the presence in the central zone of the grain evenly distributed pores of the open, closed and closed types with a size of mainly .0.02-0.5 km.

The porosity structure of expanded clay granules from clay of the Kazarmd field with the addition of 5% coal and 10% bauxite is represented by the presence of a dark-colored intensively porous glass phase in the central grain zone, caused by an excess of dispersed, dispersed black carbon formed from coal. This zone is characterized by the presence of pores: large, deep, with a size of 1.82, 0 mm of irregular shape and a medium obtuse lenticular shape with a size of 0.03-0.7 mm. Interpore septums have a thickness of 0.05-0.2 mm. A large percentage of open pores. Character such

porosity leads to increased water absorption of expanded clay.

The claydite clay structure of the Barracks field with 6% bauxite additive and 1.2% active sludge is characterized by the presence of closed-type honeycomb pores in the central zone with a predominance of shallow medium and small pores of 0.4-0.6 mm. The walls of the pores are devoid of visible porosity.

5 Glass phase in the central zone of a light color, evenly porous. Interpore septum thickness is 0,. 05 mm.

. Such a structure of closed porosity of claydite contributes to a decrease in water absorption and, ultimately, to an increase in the frost resistance and durability of expanded clay concrete.

From tab. 2, it can be seen that the water absorption of haydite from the proposed raw material mixture is significantly less than the water absorption of haydite from a known raw material mixture.

Claims (1)

RAW MATERIAL MIXTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMZITE, including clay raw materials, bauxite and organic additives, characterized in that, in order to reduce water absorption, it. contains activated sludge as an organic additive in the following ratio, May.%: Clay raw materials 89.7-95.8 Bauxite additive 2-10 Active sludge 0.3-2.2