SK86495A3 - Handling tools for various types of transport unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a spreader (10) suitable for use with various types of transport unit, such as containers (1), swap bodies (2) or articulated trailers, and fitted with first and second attachment fixtures (twistlocks (3) and grippers (8)) sized to suit the particular type of transport unit. The lift height of the spreader when changing from one transport unit to another is considerably reduced by virtue of the fact that not only can the grippers (8) on their grip arms (5) be raised and lowered, relative to the spreader cross-beam (7), between the gripping position and a retracted position but also the height of the twistlocks (3) can be adjusted relative to the cross-beam (7, 7') by means of support arms (9) between a gripping position and a retracted position.

Description

Technical field

The solution belongs to the area of handling equipment intended for loading and unloading of loads.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Handling devices for loading transport units, generally called grippers, are generally equipped with extendable parts for loading and unloading of transport units of different sizes. Due to requirements for the accuracy of the bearing, for example when loading transport containers, these grippers must be designed so that the rocking is kept small during loading. Free-moving joints should be avoided. Fixed versions of lifting, rotating and spreading units are required. In addition, in order to achieve as short handling times as possible, it is also necessary to adapt all movements of the handling tool to the shortest possible paths.

When one and the same grippers must be capable of loading and unloading not only containers or other transport units of the same size, but very different transport bodies, these grippers are equipped with different catching devices adapted to different transport units: for loading containers they must be on their top mounted corner fittings lockable. The so-called. Tightening closures, which are generally located under the tread bars. To handle so-called. In addition, the swiveling arms are needed for interchangeable containers to catch the interchangeable containers from the sides.

At the lower ends of these arms, second retaining means, e.g. catch teeth intended to be retained in recesses prepared on exchangeable cartridges. Catching recesses of this kind are usually also on semi-trailers of lorries. on a railway wagon. In this case, the recesses are larger in the upper part of the semi-trailer, e.g. 1.5 m above the tire contact area. Preaching transport units for loading, respectively. The interleaving has different gripping heights at the same reference level, resulting in two extreme positions for the grippers. The gripper beam is above the reference level when loading the container of the lowest construction height. This height is at the flatest conventional containers - so-called. 8-foot containers - 2.44 m above the reference level. The highest position of the tread bar is usually reached when loading the semi-trailer. To grip it, the lower ends of the lowering arms must be located about 1.5 m above the reference level, i. flat contact of the semi-trailer tires on the ground. These gripper arms are of considerable length, since there must be sufficient ground height between their gripper teeth and the tread bar to accommodate even the largest exchangers. Currently, the largest common exchangers, the so-called. Jumbo containers, require a clearance height of 3.6 m. As a result, the bolts fastened to the crossbar are located 5.1 m above the reference level when loading the semi-trailer. 2.67 m above the lowest position (when taking an 8-foot container). Due to the aforementioned necessity of rigid load guidance, this large travel distance of the gripper leads to significant requirements for the lifting rigidity and the loading forces guiding.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The principle of the invention of the handling tool for various transport units, such as containers, exchangeable containers or semi-trailers, with one generally horizontal traverse, moved by a lifting device, is that the first gripping means, preferably the bolts, are located at the free ends of the support arms, the other end of which is attached to the crossbeam so that the support arms hang downwards in the engagement or working position while being tilted to a certain stowing position. Each support arm has at least one first retainer. The length of the support arms is essentially equal to the height difference between the maximum ground clearance and the height of the smallest container built at the reference level.

This achieves, among other things, the minimization of the necessary travel path between extreme positions of the grippers when loading different transport units. The structural elements of the invention do not impose any exceptional conditions in terms of size, shape, choice of material and technical concept, so that selection criteria known from the current field of application can be used without restriction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 shows grippers in a long side view, wherein in the left half of the image, the gripper arms for the cartridges are folded up and the container loading arms are lowered to the working position, while in the right part of the image the gripper arms are lowered to the working position and the support arms are swung into the stowed position.

In FIG. 2, the same grippers are seen from the front, and for the sake of understanding both the gripper and the support arms are lowered to the working position.

In FIG. 3, the same grippers are seen from the front with the upwardly extending support arms and with the lowering arms lowered in the gripping, working position at the bottom of the cartridge.

Fig. 4 shows the same grippers again in a front view with the gripping arms folded up and the carrying arms lowered to the container loading working position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The handling tool of the lifting device has a frame traverse 7 with telescopic extendable and retractable fronts 7 '. Mounted thereon are support arms 9, mounted in pairs pivotable about a horizontal connector. At the free ends of the support arms 9, the first gripping means 11 are mounted face-to-face. in the form of screw caps extending in the direction of their axis of rotation, which is approximately vertical with the hanging support arms 9 '. The length of the support arms 6, including the first retaining means 3, measured from the bottom edge UKR of the crossbar 17 downwards, has now advantageously 1.26 m for the rounded container and exchange container sizes. When the support arms 9 are folded up, they do not extend downwards at any point at the lower edge of the UKR beam 7. These support arms 9 and the first gripping means 3 in the form of screw caps, in conjunction with the telescopic traverse 7, can be disposed of. reload containers of all sizes of the usual size in the usual way with a high proportion of automation.

The gripping arms are fixed at a point above the crossbar 7 in pairs pivotable about approximately horizontal connectors 5, parallel to the connectors 9, being pivotable between a gripping or operating position and a parking position. At their free ends, i. In the lowered position in the lowest position, the gripping arms 5 are provided with second gripping means 8 customary in the form of gripping teeth, for positive engagement and, as a rule, a secure gripping of the exchangeable containers 2 or the semi-trailers. To this end, the exchangeable containers 2 and the semi-trailers have corresponding recesses ().

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the gripping arms 5 can be deflected around the approximately horizontal shafts 12 to the side by means of the piston actuators 11. The deflection direction is approximately perpendicular to the swivel plane of the gripping arm 11 around the connecting line 5 '.

FIG. 4, it is evident that the first retaining means 3 in the form of screw caps are engaged in the prepared corner fittings 4 in the uppermost plane of the container 1 during handling. The reference reference plane for the stroke position of the grippers when loading is indicated by the letter I ?.

The attachment points of the paired gripper arms 5 are in the embodiment of FIG. 1 on the rigid, non-extendable part of the beam 7. The variable distance fastening also belongs to the solution according to the invention. While in the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings, both the support arms 17 and the retaining arms 15 are pivotable about an axis between the working and stowing positions, any other variation in the height of these arms relative to the crossbar 7 is also a solution according to the invention. The dimensions shown are used as one example.

The handling tool can be so constructed that it can load both a single transport unit and multiple transport units placed side by side. This option is for example when loading two side-by-side 20-foot containers. For this purpose, an additional two pairs of screw closures, preferably displaceable upwards by their height, are added to the center of the crossbeam 7 in case a single container needs to be loaded where the screw closures located in the center would interfere.

Industrial usability

The described handling tools are intended for basic or additional equipment of lifting devices used mainly for loading, unloading and reloading, in particular, standardized bulk transport units.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS Handling tools for various transport units such as containers, swap containers or semi-trailers with one, generally horizontal cross beam, moved by a lifting device, with first retaining means, preferably screw caps, for gripping the first transport unit, as a container, in its the top, e.g. in the corner fittings of the container, with second retaining means, preferably retaining teeth, to engage the second transport unit, e.g. the cartridge, at the bottom thereof, e.g. on the lower recesses or the semi-trailer fitted with the same type of anchorage points with catching arms which, in the working - catching position, hang from the crossbar and are tilted upwards into the stowing position and have at least one of the other catching means on their lower end sections engagement of a second transport unit, characterized in that between the beam (7,7 ') and the first gripping means (3) there are supported arms (9), each having at least one of the first gripping means ( 3), wherein the support arms (9) are hinged on the crossbar (7, 7) in the catching or working position and are tilted upwards to the stowing position. Handling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the support arms (9) is substantially equal to the height difference between the maximum ground clearance (LH) and the height of the smallest container (1) placed on the reference level (R). . List of reference marks 1 - container 2 - cartridge 3 - first retaining device, screw cap 4 - corner fittings 5 - retaining frame 5'- connector 6 - recess 7 - traverse 7'- beam face 8 - second retainer, retaining tooth 9 - support arm 9 ~ - connector 11 - piston actuator 12 - shaft