JP2830271B2 - Attachment of forklift - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a forklift attachment suitable for loading and unloading box-shaped cargo such as unit houses and containers.

(Prior Art) In general, cargo handling of large containers known as containers for transporting luggage is performed by a forklift equipped with an attachment called a spreader in many cases. An ordinary two-point fishing spreader is provided with a suspending device called a twist lock at both ends of a frame extending horizontally in the left-right direction, and a pad at a lower front surface of a spreader body abuts on a lower rear surface of a container. Originally, the hanging tool is inserted into and engaged with an engaging hole provided on the upper surface of the container and lifted.

By the way, there is a unit house as similar to a container, but the side plate of the unit house is weaker in strength than the container and is easily damaged by pads, and there is no fork insertion port. Forklifts could not be used for cargo handling at the unit house. Under such circumstances, the crane and the wrecker truck have been used exclusively for the cargo handling work of the unit house, and the auxiliary worker has hung the wire on the hanging ring (hook or eyebolt) set on the upper part of the house. The wire is lifted up and down or stacked on a truck.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the work mode of hoisting the unit house using the crane or the wrecker described above, not only an auxiliary worker for hanging a wire on the hoisting ring is required, but also the upper part of the house is required. It is not preferable from the viewpoint of safety because the work is performed at a high place. In addition, unit houses are not stable because they rotate and swing when they are lifted, but there is a problem in that crane and wrecker vehicles have limited mobility because of their poor mobility. .

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an attachment that can use a forklift to load and unload a box-shaped cargo such as a unit house.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention is configured as follows to solve the above problems. That is, the present invention relates to an attachment of a forklift used for cargo handling of a unit house or the like having at least four suspension rings on an upper surface, wherein the attachment body is configured to be attachable to a lift bracket that moves up and down along a mast. A lock device provided on the lower surface for each of the hanging rings is provided. Each of the locking devices includes a hanging ring guide having an internal space that can be fitted over the hanging ring so as to cover the hanging ring from above. Attached to the wheel guide so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction, and can be displaced between a lock position that penetrates the internal space laterally and is inserted into the hole of the suspension ring, and a release position that retracts from the internal space of the suspension ring guide A lock pin and an actuator for displacing the lock pin between the two positions, and when the suspension ring guide is fitted to the suspension ring. It is obtained by horizontally rotatably and horizontally movably supported with respect to the attachment body so that the position deviation of the hanging Ri wheels are corrected individually.

(Operation) According to the attachment of the present invention configured as described above, the forklift is operated to position the attachment body above the unit house or the like to be unloaded, and then the attachment body is lowered to thereby provide the suspension ring guide. Is put on a suspension ring attached to a unit house or the like from above. Subsequently, the lock pin is inserted into the hole of the suspension ring by operating the actuator to displace the lock pin into the suspension ring guide. By raising the attachment in this state, the unit house or the like can be lifted.

Further, in the present invention, in order to correct the positional shift of the suspension ring guide with respect to the suspension ring, the suspension ring guide is supported so as to be horizontally rotatable and horizontally displaceable with respect to the attachment main body, thereby suspending the suspension ring guide. When there is a relative displacement between the suspension ring guide and the suspension ring at the time of fitting to the ring, the displacement will be corrected for each suspension ring, and the subsequent locking to the suspension ring will be performed. Pin insertion work can be performed smoothly.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the entire attachment, and FIG. 7 shows a forklift to which the attachment is attached. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 1 denotes a forklift body, reference numeral 2 denotes a lift bracket which is raised and lowered along a mast 3 at the front of the body, and reference numeral 4 denotes a fork attached to the lift bracket 2 so that an attachment can be attached to the fork 4. It has become.

The main body 5 of the attachment according to the present embodiment is provided with two left and right horizontal
It comprises a book base member 6 and a tie bar 7 for connecting the two base members 6 to each other. The tips of the left and right forks 4 are mutually connected by a bar 4a for retaining. A rectangular cylindrical rail holder 8 extending horizontally in the left-right direction is fixed to the front and rear of the lower surface of the base member 6, and a rail 9 is slidably inserted in each rail holder 8 in the left-right direction. And reach cylinders 10 each mounted on a rail holder 8.
It is made to move left and right by.

A lifting beam 11 extending horizontally in the front-rear direction is attached to each end of the left and right rails 9, and the front and rear ends of each of the lifting beams 11 are schematically shown in FIG. A lock device 14 that can be engaged and disengaged from four suspension rings (hook or eyebolt, etc.) H1 mounted on the upper surface of the unit house H is mounted. In addition, suspension ring H1
Generally, an eyebolt as shown in the figure is used, and since there are two types of arrangement intervals L in the left-right direction (longitudinal direction), the expansion and contraction of the reach cylinder 10 corresponds to this.

Next, details of the lock device 14 will be described with reference to FIGS. The left and right lifting beams 11 are both formed in a hollow shape, and a lock device 14 is mounted using mounting holes 13 formed in front and rear ends of a bottom plate 12 thereof. The lock device 14 is a suspension ring guide 15 that can be fitted over the suspension ring H1 of the unit house H so as to be covered from above.
And a lock pin 16 which is engaged / disengaged by entering / leaving from the side of a hole of the suspension ring H1 inserted into the suspension ring guide 15, and an actuator for engaging / disengaging the lock pin 16 (Not shown) constitutes the main part.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the suspension ring guide 15 includes a guide portion 17 formed as a substantially half hollow spherical body,
A hollow rod portion 18 protruding upward from the center of the outer surface of the guide portion 17, and the rod portion 18 is inserted into the mounting hole 13 of the lifting beam 11 from below so that the bearing
It is supported by 19 for horizontal rotation. Also bearing
The bearing holder 20 of 19 is provided with lugs 21 projecting horizontally at three or four places on the outer periphery thereof, and the lugs 21 are supported on the upper surface of the bottom plate 12 via a rubber mount 22 so as to be elastically displaceable. This allows the suspension ring guide 15 to move to some extent in the horizontal direction. The bearing 19
Is fixed to the rod part 18 side by a lock nut 23, and the cylindrical hole of the rod part 18 is closed by a cap 24.

Also, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
The inner space of the guide portion 17 has a space into which the suspension ring H1 can be freely fitted, and has a predetermined curvature R on its inner wall surface.
Are formed in a spherical shape. Further, an approximately crescent-shaped engagement groove 25 having a width sufficient to allow the upper portion of the suspension ring H1 to be engaged is formed in an upper portion of the internal space, and a groove bottom (upper surface) of the engagement groove 25 is The guide portion 17 is formed on an arc surface having a radius of curvature R1 smaller than the radius of curvature R of the inner wall surface and larger than the radius of curvature R2 of the suspension ring H1. Further, both inner side surfaces of the engagement groove 25 are formed in a tapered shape having a considerable inclination angle to constitute a suspension ring guiding surface 26. In other words, the suspension ring guide
15 is rotated around the vertical axis when the head of the suspension ring H1 slides on the suspension ring guide surface 26 when the suspension ring H1 enters the engagement groove 25, and is rotated with respect to the direction of the hole of the suspension ring H1. It is configured to have a fixed orientation.

The range of rotation of the suspension ring guide 15 is the same as that of the lifting beam.
A stopper 27 provided on the 11 side and a guide portion of the suspension ring guide 15
It is limited within 180 degrees by two stoppers 28 provided on the 17 side. Further, the suspension ring guide 15 is always held at the initial position by a detent mechanism 29 as shown in FIG. That is, the lifting beam
A plunger 32 urged in a protruding direction by a spring 31 is slidably fitted in a bowl holder 30 provided on the lower surface of the plunger 11, and is held by the plunger 32 to be rolled and held by a spherical concave portion. The ball 33 engages with a detent groove 34 formed on the outer periphery of the rod portion 17 of the suspension ring guide 15, thereby holding the suspension ring guide 15 at the initial position. Further, the diameter of the outer peripheral surface of the rod portion 18 is gradually reduced toward the detent groove 34, whereby a restoring force to the initial position is given by the pressing force of the spring 31.

Further, a sensor 35 for detecting that the suspension ring H1 is properly engaged in the engagement groove 25 of the suspension ring guide 15 is attached to the bottom of the cylindrical hole of the rod portion 18 of the suspension ring guide 15. I have.

On the other hand, a gear box 36 is fixed to the outer surface of the guide portion 17 of the suspension ring guide 15, and the lock pin 16 is slidable in the axial direction (horizontal direction) via the bush 36 on the gear box 36. Has been inserted. And the lock pin
16 is a guide portion 17 through a horizontal hole 38 formed in the guide portion 17.
Can be displaced between a lock position of the suspension ring H1 penetrating across the internal space and a release position retracted from the internal space, and is always held at the release position. Further, a rack 39 is provided integrally with the other end of the lock pin 16,
The rack 39 is engaged with a pinion 40 which is an actuator (not shown), for example, driven by a geared motor that can rotate forward and backward.

Next, the cargo handling work of the unit house 41 by the attachment of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.

First, as a preparatory operation, the reach cylinder 10 is extended or contracted to correspond to the interval between the left and right suspension wheels H1 set in the unit house H to handle the interval between the left and right lock devices 14.

Subsequently, the forklift is approached such that the attachment is located right above the unit house H, and then the lift bracket 2 is lowered to lower the attachment onto the upper surface of the unit house H. At this time, the left and right lifting beams
The suspension ring guides 15 of the lock devices 14 provided on the 11 are fitted so as to cover the suspension rings H1, and the suspension rings H1 are inserted and engaged in the engagement grooves 25 of the suspension ring guides 15. This engagement state is detected by the sensor 35, and the actuator is operated based on the detection operation (the detection operation by the sensor 35 may be a method of informing a worker by operating a buzzer or a pilot lamp, for example).

When the pinion 40 is rotated by the operation of the actuator, the lock pin 16 is moved in the axial direction via the rack 39 and inserted into the hole of the suspension ring H1 through the lateral hole 38 of the guide portion 17 of the suspension ring guide 15. By doing so, it is engaged with the suspension ring H1. If the lift bracket 2 is raised in this state, the unit house H can be lifted by the attachment.

By the way, during the actual cargo handling operation as described above, the axis of the suspension ring guide 15 does not always coincide with the axis of the suspension ring H1, and in general, the direction of the suspension ring H1 screwed into the unit house H is not always required. It is not always uniform and often deviates somewhat.

Therefore, when the axis of the suspension ring guide 15 is displaced from the axis of the suspension ring H1, when the suspension ring guide 15 covers the suspension ring H1, a guide portion is attached to the head of the suspension ring H1. 17
The spherical inner wall surface of the rubber slide 22 comes into sliding contact, and the sliding contact causes the suspension ring guide 15 to receive a lateral force, whereby the rubber mount 22 is elastically deformed. That is, the displacement of the suspension ring guide 15 with respect to the suspension ring H1 can be absorbed by displacing the entire lock device 14 in the horizontal direction. Even in the case where the axis of the suspension ring guide 15 is displaced in the vertical direction and the suspension rings H1 are not uniformly in contact with the engagement grooves 25, the positional displacement can be absorbed by the elastic deformation of the rubber mount 22 in the vertical direction.

When the direction of the suspension ring H1 does not match the direction of the engagement groove 25 of the suspension ring guide 15, the suspension ring H1 is connected to the suspension ring guide surfaces on both sides of the engagement groove 25 as shown in FIG. It comes into the engagement groove 25 while being in contact with 26. That is, when the suspension guide 15 receives the lateral pressing force on the suspension guide surface 26, the entire locking device 14 rotates around the center of the bearing 19 against the spring 31 of the detent mechanism 29, and the suspension The direction of H1 is corrected to match the direction, and the suspension ring H1 is engaged in the engagement groove 25, so that the lock pin 16 can be inserted into the hole of the suspension ring H1 without support.

After the unit house H is transported to a predetermined place and lowered, if the pinion 40 is reversed by the actuator, the lock pin 16 is pulled out of the suspension ring H1 and retracted to the release position. Therefore, if the attachment is raised together with the lift bracket 2 in this state, the suspension ring H1
The suspension ring guide 15 will come off. In this case, if the above-described position shift correcting action has been performed,
The lock device 14 is returned to the original position by the rubber mount 22. Further, when the direction correcting action on the suspension ring H1 is performed, since the spring force of the detent mechanism 29 exerts a restoring force to the initial position via the lock ball 33 on the outer periphery of the rod portion 18, The lock device 14 is returned and rotated to the original position at the same time when the suspension ring H1 is disengaged from the engagement groove 25.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment relating to the inner wall surface of the guide portion 17 of the suspension ring guide 15. That is,
In this embodiment, the inner wall surface of the guide portion 17 has a radius of curvature R3 smaller than the radius of curvature R (shown by a virtual line) shown in the above-described embodiment.
On the other hand, when the opening edge is formed in a tapered surface, and such a configuration is adopted, the outer diameter of the guide portion 17 is reduced to reduce the stroke S2 of the lock pin 16 in the above-described embodiment. In this case, it is possible to reduce the value more than S1.

In the embodiment, it is assumed that there is a shift in the direction of the suspension ring H1, and that a configuration is also assumed in which there is a displacement between the axis center of the suspension ring H1 and the axis center of the suspension ring guide 15. However, if the suspension ring H1 is set in a uniform direction with respect to the unit house H, and the operation is performed such that the axis of the suspension ring guide 15 substantially coincides with the axis of the suspension ring H1. The present invention can be implemented even if the orientation correction function and the displacement correction function are omitted.

Further, a rubber mount 22 for allowing the horizontal displacement of the lock device 14 for correcting the displacement described in the embodiment.
May be changed from a type provided for each ear 21 to a ring shape. Furthermore, changing to a rubber mount type lock device 14
Can be moved via a double rail mechanism extending in both front and rear and left and right directions, and can be always held at a predetermined neutral position by a spring.

Further, the actuator for driving the pinion 40 is not limited to the geared motor, but can be changed to a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, an electromagnet, or the like.If necessary, the lock pin 16 can be directly operated by a cylinder or the like. It can be changed.

Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the unit house H is handled is described. However, the present invention can be applied to a container as long as the unit has the suspension ring H1.

(Effects of the Invention) As described in detail above, according to the attachment of the present invention, one worker operating a forklift can carry out cargo handling work of a unit house or the like without the help of an auxiliary worker. In this case, since the suspension ring is lifted by the lock device provided on the lifting beam, stable transport of the unit house or the like without fluctuation can be achieved. In addition, since a forklift with high start-up properties can be used, it can be transported over a wider area than when a conventional crane is used, and it also enables efficient loading and unloading work, greatly improving work efficiency. Things.

Further, in the present invention, when at least four suspension rings provided in a unit house or the like are lifted by the corresponding locking devices, it is possible to individually correct the displacement of the suspension ring guide with respect to the suspension ring in each locking device. Even if there are variations in the mounting position, orientation, and the like for each of the suspension rings provided in the unit house, the variations can be absorbed and locked.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 is a perspective view showing an attachment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a lock device, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a detent mechanism, FIG. Is a view for explaining the action of correcting the direction of the suspension ring guide with respect to the suspension ring, FIG.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a forklift equipped with an attachment, and FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a unit house to be handled. 4 fork 5 attachment body 6 base member 8 rail holder 9 rail 11 lifting beam 14 locking device 15 suspension ring guide 16 lock pin 25 ... engagement groove 26 ... suspension ring guide surface, 40 ... pinion

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI B66F 9/18 B66F 9/18 D

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A forklift attachment for use in cargo handling of a unit house or the like having at least four suspension rings on an upper surface, wherein the attachment body is configured to be attachable to a lift bracket that moves up and down along a mast. A lock device provided on a lower surface corresponding to the suspension ring; the lock device includes a suspension ring guide having an internal space that can be fitted over the suspension ring so as to cover the suspension ring from above; Attached slidably to the guide in the horizontal direction, it can be displaced between a lock position that penetrates the internal space horizontally and is inserted into the hole of the suspension ring, and a release position that retreats from the internal space of the suspension ring guide. A lock pin; and an actuator for displacing the lock pin between the two positions. Horizontally rotatable and horizontally displaceably supported by the attachment of the forklift to the attachment body so that the position deviation of wheels is corrected individually.