SK278620B6 - The impact crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

The impact crusher (1) for granular, gritty or flouring material consists of rotating sweeping reel (9) surrounded with the impact ring (7), of the concentric supply tube (8) and of the ring exhausting channel (22). In the sweeping reel (9), there are located at least two centrifuged channels (18, 19) being surrounded with at least one impact ring (7). The material is supplied to the sweeping reel (9) with the use of the supply tube (8) in a concentric way and after it has been processed, it is outgoing with the use of the ring the channel (22). Each of the halves closed to the impact ring (7) is equipped, in a perpendicular direction according to the impact ring (7) axis, with the impact plane (20, 21), located in the opposite direction. The sweeping reel (9) is equipped, in the area of the material supply, with the distributing mechanism (30), while the material supply is divided, however the internal centrifuged channel (19) located in the greater distance of the supply tube (8) has a larger supply plane.

Description

The impact crusher (1) of the granular, gritty or floury goods consists of a rotary spreading wheel (9) surrounded by an impact ring (7), a concentric supply tube (8) and an annular discharge channel (22). At least two centrifugal channels (18, 19) are provided in the spinner (9) and are surrounded by at least one impact ring (7). The product is fed concentrically to the spreading wheel (9) via a feed tube (8) and is discharged through the outer annular channel (22). Each half of the impact ring (7) is provided with a counter-directed impact surface (20, 21) in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the impact ring (7). The spreading wheel (9) is provided with a distribution device (30) with a divided supply of goods in the area of the supply of goods, the inner centrifugal channel (19) arranged at a greater distance from the supply tube (8) having a larger supply area.

II

SK 278620-6

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an impact crusher of granular, gritty or farinaceous material, comprising a rotary spreading wheel surrounded by an impact ring, a concentric supply tube and an annular discharge channel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various impact crushers are used in the grinding machines or in the grinding technology. Depending on the application, these devices are called impact crushers or sterilizers and, in English speaking countries, entoleter. As far as technology is concerned, these are partly identical, in some cases very similar procedures. The impact force, or its velocity, is applied to the product, depending on the particular application.

The individual particles of the goods have a high strength, whether they are cereal grains as a whole or particles of semolina or flour. Cereal grain, which, for example, has been pricked out by frustration, is brittle. Insects and insect eggs are very sensitive to impact. This is used in the impact treatment of these goods by, for example, breaking hollow grains into an impact device, known as a sterilizer, thereby destroying insects and their eggs.

One of the main tasks of the milling machine is also to separate the endosperm layer from the white flour core. The grinding agent is separated from the rolling mill by means of a flat screen into the desired fractions. When using an impact crusher between a rolling mill and a flat screen, the crisps obtained by grinding are released and the associated endosperm particles are released.

In many cases, very good working results are achieved at specifically selected geometrical conditions and at the optimum peripheral speed of the spreading wheel. Recently, it has generally been desired to maintain the high quality of the product, or to protect against the deterioration of essential foodstuffs, without the use of any harmful heat treatment or radiation, the health impact of which has not yet been definitively clarified. This is therefore a deliberate mechanical intervention, which achieves exclusively mechanical fractionation. Accordingly, one of the main objectives of the invention was to achieve an improvement in the mechanical solution of this problem.

A major drawback of the known solutions so far is that by increasing the flow rate of the product passing through the impact crusher, the desired effect is reduced, which is associated with the very unpleasant fact that in cases where small animal degrading products are killed, this fact cannot be immediately detected. Also, it is not easy to determine whether the endosperm and the flour particles are separated optimally by impact separation. This knowledge has led to the widespread perception in technical circles that impact machines are of little benefit. This has also been proven in practice in some cases. However, in most cases it was also found that the individual impact devices were overloaded impermissibly with a high amount of product.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to improve the performance of an impact crusher at a higher throughput of the product, but to maintain quality, possibly with almost 100% efficiency, be it to destroy insect-destroying insects or to separate endosperm from peel.

According to the invention, the spreading wheel is provided with at least two axially offset centrifugal channels. It has only been found in the practice of the invention that little attention has been paid so far to the flow of the product or the product flow on the one hand and the situation at the point of impact of the product on the other. Too high a product stream concentration results in a cushion being formed above the impact surfaces at the same time as a portion of the stream to damp the impact of the additional feed product and the impact force required to shatter the hollow grains or break the insect eggs. Otherwise, the product stream is undesirably deflected either by passing too much product in certain areas or too low in other areas. The impact crusher is a demanding machine because it processes the mixture. Not only airflow laws 25 apply to this machine, but also the physical laws of product centrifugation. For obvious reasons, the use of a centrifuge according to the water or air model has so far been discarded due to the dense product stream, since the spinner and the stream of goods undergo extreme mixing in the spinner wheel. Only by using more than one centrifugal channel in one device was it possible to manage perfect product management.

Experiments have shown that in this way it is possible to achieve up to twice the throughput of the product at relatively low construction costs and the same impact efficiency. It is surprising that the present invention also allows for a number of particularly preferred embodiments.

In this sense, it is particularly advantageous if a distributor device is provided in the spinner wheel, which is connected to the product supply tube and is rotatably fixed to the spinner wheel. In this case, the distribution device is provided with a plurality of feed channels extending into the centrifugal channels in the form of disc rings.

If the centrifugal ducts are axially offset, the feed ducts must also have a different shape. Here, too, the tests have shown that even with two axially offset from 50 feed channels, a larger number of feed channels are required, and a centrifugal channel which is farther away from the feed tube should be assigned twice the number of feed channels than the number of feed channels assigned to a centrifuge channel that is closer to the lance. In other words, it is necessary to maintain the corresponding area ratio of the product feed. This achieves a relatively accurate division of the product into two halves supplied to both the centrifugal channels or, in other words, the 60 centrifugal channels provide the same centrifugal conditions to the goods.

Furthermore, it is suitable if the inner supply channels opening into the inner centrifugal channel, at a greater distance from the feed tube, are provided with a cross-sectional narrowing insert. The insert is preferably in the form of a circular section and is narrowed in its cross-section towards the axis of rotation.

Also, the supply channels are arranged symmetrically.

In each very preferred embodiment, each centrifugal channel is associated with its own impact surface of an annular shape.

The optimum impact effect is achieved in that the spreading wheel is designed as a twin wheel and two separate, annular and oppositely directed impact surfaces are formed on the impact ring. Advantageously, a common discharge channel is connected to the twin wheel or both impact surfaces, which is connected to a tangential product discharge line.

In this preferred embodiment, the impact surfaces with respect to the double spreading wheel are formed as two opposing opening cones. In order to achieve self-cleaning as well as to achieve a high impact efficiency, the distributor is equipped with flat guide vanes.

Furthermore, according to the invention, it is also possible to realize a spreading wheel with three or four axially offset centrifugal ducts, whereby - as seen from the product inlet side - a larger number of feeding channels have to be connected to the centrifugal channel, the further the centrifugal channel is customize desktop. It is advisable to assign a separate impact ring to each centrifugal channel.

The cost of construction of this device can be very low if the drive electric motor is mounted directly on the flange of the impact crusher body. The spreading wheel will have the same number of revolutions as the electric motor, for example 3000 rev / min.

The discharge extension channel may consist of two approximately equal shape halves which are separable in a vertical plane with respect to the axis of rotation of the spreading wheel shaft.

It is highly advantageous to design the impact crusher as a fan so that product inlet and outlet are selectable in all directions, both vertically and horizontally. This allows almost complete installation of the device into any operational device, and it is also easier to plan the design of the device.

Overview of the figures in the drawing

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. 1 is a sectional view of the impact crusher in the direction of the axis; FIG. 2 shows section II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a twin wheel distributor, FIG. 4 is a plan view of the device shown in FIG. 3, FIG. FIGS. 5 to 8 show different options for setting the impact crusher; FIG. 9 shows another exemplary embodiment with a triple spreading wheel, FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the spreading wheel is designed as a twin wheel and FIG. 11 shows the double solution of FIG. 10 with product management.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the upper part of the figure represents an impact crusher 1 in axial section. To the fixed part 5 of the impact crusher body 1, an electric motor 2 having approximately 3000 revolutions is attached by means of screws 3 and a connecting flange 4. The connecting flange 4 is adapted to allow sealing against the impact crusher 1. The upper part 6 of the impact crusher body 1 is connected to the lower part 5 such that the impact ring 7 is fixedly clamped between the lower part 5 and the upper part 6. 5 and the upper part 6 of the impact crusher body 1 is a supply tube 8 connected to the upper part 6 for supplying the product to be processed. A spreading wheel 9 is provided in the parts 5 and the impact crusher 1, which is mounted on the shaft 11 of the electric motor 2 and fixed thereon by means of a bushing 10 and a locking screw 12. The spreading wheel 9 consists of an outer disc 13, inner disc 14 and separating disc 15. arranged between the two disks 13 and 14 and all three disks 13, 14, 15 are connected to each other by bolts 16 so as to form a twin wheel 17. This arrangement creates an outer centrifugal channel 18 near the inlet tube 8 and an inner centrifugal channel at a greater distance from the inlet tube 8. The impact ring 7 has two oppositely directed impact surfaces: an outer impact surface 20 and an inner impact surface 21. These impact surfaces 20, 21 form two oppositely opening truncated cones, the outer impact surface 20 being associated with the outer centrifugal channel 18. and internal impact pl and 21 to the inner centrifugal channel 19.

In the circumferential direction with respect to the spreading wheel 9 or the twin wheel 17, a fan ring directed towards the discharge channel 22, also shown in FIG. 2 and designed as an expanding channel 23 or 24 for removal of goods.

In FIG. 3 and 4, there is shown a distribution device 30 which is provided with two kinds of flat guide plates. Short guide plates 31 that direct the air and product stream to the outer centrifugal channel 18 closer to the feed tube 8 and long guide plates 32 that direct the air and product stream to the inner centrifugal channel 19, distant from the feed tube 8. The short guide plate 31 is FIG. 3 shown as a vertical hatch and a long guide plate 32 as a horizontal hatch.

As shown in FIG. 3, the distribution device 30 may be made in one piece, for example as a casting and centrifugal channels 18 and 19 of sheet steel, and the two parts may be connected to each other to form a unit.

The inner centrifugal duct 19 is self-cleaning when the circular paragraph insert 33 is provided in the feed periphery of the inner centrifugal duct 19, hatched circularly in FIG. 4. In the twin wheel 17, a ratio of 24 with respect to the number of external feed channels 34 versus the number of internal feed channels 35 has proven. Tests have shown that at this ratio the product flow was nearly equal, thereby also confirming the positive effect of the present invention. The mixture of air and goods passes through the lance 8 directly to the outer feed channels 34 or to the inner feed channels 35 of the distributor 30 and is set to rotate. In the outer feed channels 34 and the inner feed channels 35, the mixture is accelerated and the first impacts on the bolts 16 occur. By the arrangement of the two circularly arranged bolt sets 16, this impact effect even doubles. However, the large number of bolts 16 also results in a uniform distribution of the mixture in the circumferential direction. In addition, there is a certain blade effect. The air / product mixture is then, separately from the two centrifugal ducts 18 and 19, projected onto the respective outer impact surface 20 and the inner impact surface 21. Obviously, turning the two streams by 90 ° of water into the opposite direction immediately separates the mixture; heavy goods strike the affected impact surface and the air leaves. Due to the circular and substantially symmetrical arrangement of the two expanding channels 23 and 24, a stable air flow is generated alongside the stable product stream even after impact. A discharge duct 22, similar to a water turbine duct extending in the circumferential direction, promotes a uniform impact of the goods on the impact surfaces 20 and 21 and reconnects the air flow and goods that can be pneumatically further conveyed through the discharge duct 22.

Fig. Figures 5 to 8 show various installation possibilities of this device. These examples show that the working effect of the impact crusher 1 is not dependent on the method of installation.

According to FIG. 5, the workpiece is fed from below in a vertical direction and is discharged horizontally, according to FIG. 6, the product is fed from above. On the other hand, according to FIG. 7 and 8, the unprocessed product is fed into the impact crusher 1 in a horizontal direction. The output of the processed product is shown in FIG. 7 vertically downwards, according to FIG. 8 vertically upwards.

In FIG. 9 schematically illustrates another exemplary embodiment with a triple spreading wheel 50, wherein each centrifugal channel 51, 52, 53 is provided with its own impact surface 54, 55, 56. From both impact surfaces 55 and 56, the product stream is downwardly away from the impact surface 54 then up. Here again, however, it is important that the distribution device 30 is constructed according to the same rules as explained in the description of FIG. 1 to 4 and ensure a uniform distribution of the product across all channels.

In FIG. 10 shows the spreading wheel 60 as a twin wheel, similar to the spreading wheel 9 in FIG. 1 to 4, however, it is provided with two impact surfaces 61, 62 which direct the product stream downwards.

The spreading wheel 70 of FIG. 11 is designed as a double spreading wheel 60 in FIG. 10, however, the product outlet is directed in two opposite directions. And the spreading wheel 70 is designed as a quadruple rotor.

Claims (18)

An impact crusher of granular, gritty or floury goods having a rotary spreading wheel surrounded by an impact ring, with a concentrically arranged supply tube and an annular discharge channel, characterized in that the spreading wheel (9) is equipped with at least axially offset centrifugal channels (18, 19). Impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that a distributor (30) is arranged in the spinner wheel (9) and is connected to the supply tube (8). Impact crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that the distribution device (30) is connected to the rotary spreading wheel (9). Impact crusher according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the distribution device (30) consists of supply channels (34, 35) extending into centrifugal channels (18, 19) in the form of disc rings. Impact crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 5 4, characterized in that the spreading wheel (9) is provided with two axially offset channels (18, 19) with a plurality of supply channels (34, 35), and to the inner centrifugal channel (19) arranged at a greater distance from the feed tube (9). 8) a double number of feed channels (34, 35) or feed areas such as the number of feed channels (34, 35) or feed areas associated with the outer centrifugal channel (18) located closer to the feed tube (8) is assigned. Impact crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that the inner supply channels (35), which enter the inner centrifugal channel (19) at a greater distance from the supply tube (8), are provided on the outer periphery with a tapered insert (33). cross section. Impact crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that the insert (33) arranged in the upstream part of the distribution device (30) has the shape of a circular section and is tapered in its cross-section in the direction of the axis of rotation. Impact crusher according to any one of claims 5 to 10 7, characterized in that the same supply channels (34, 35) are arranged symmetrically. Impact crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 9 8, characterized in that each of the centrifugal channels (18, 19) is associated with its own impact surface (20, 21) of an annular shape. Impact crusher according to claim 9, characterized in that the spreading wheel (9) is designed as a twin wheel (17) and two opposing impact surfaces (20, 21) are formed on the impact ring. Impact crusher according to claim 10, characterized in that a product discharge channel (22) is associated with the dual wheel (17) or both impact surfaces (20, 21). Impact crusher according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the discharge channel (22) is connected to a tangential product discharge line. Impact crusher according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the impact surfaces (20, 21) are designed as two conical open cones with respect to the twin wheel (17). Impact crusher according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the distributor (30) comprises flat guide vanes. Impact crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the spreading wheel (9) is provided with three or four axially offset centrifugal channels (51, 52, 53) so that the centrifugal channel is further away from the feed tube (8). , the greater the number of supply channels (34, 35) which are connected to it or the corresponding surface conditions are provided. Impact crusher according to claim 15, characterized in that a separate ring (7) is associated with each centrifugal channel (51, 52, 53). Impact crusher fell according to any one of claims 1 to 17 16, characterized in that an electric motor (2) is directly connected to the impact crusher body (1). Impact crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 18 17, characterized in that the discharge widening channel (23, 24) consists of two equally shaped halves which are separable in a vertical plane with respect to the axis of rotation of the spreading wheel (11). ).