FI108617B - Method and apparatus for reducing combustible material - Google Patents

Description

108617

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING BURNED MATERIAL

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention also relates to an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 11.

Methods and apparatus for reducing combustible material, in particular ligno-cellulose-containing material such as wood chips, by grinding with a hammer mill type device are known. In these known solutions, the material to be treated is typically guided from the top over the entire width of the treatment space by treatment of the equipment. The material is reduced in the treatment space by murs-15 caliper means mounted on a rotatably arranged high speed rotor. The material to be treated is crushed and / or ground by repeated shocks of the crushing members, due to collisions with the walls of the treatment chamber and collisions of material particles. The wall of the treatment chamber is at least partially a screening plate through which the material to be treated exits the treatment device typically in the radial direction after reaching a sufficient degree of reduction. The degree of reduction can be influenced by e.g. screen size, shaft speed or crushing design. In this type of device, a continuous, strong external fan is required to: provide an air flow through the equipment to keep the screens clean and βε ι Y: to clog the equipment. This results in extremely high energy consumption, which results in high equipment operating costs. In addition, the solution requires large dust filtration equipment. Dust filtration is difficult with damp materials. In addition, feeding material across the width of the device typically requires a complex feed arrangement.

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Reference is also made in the prior art to DE-A-4119163, JP-A-58-1696943, US-A-4702426 and WO-A-84/00904. From these publications, a device for reducing material is known, in which the material to be reduced is brought into axial motion during processing in the concept space.

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The invention is based on the idea of dividing the material to be processed into two streams of material which are essentially axial during processing.

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The invention is characterized by what is stated in the claims.

The solution according to the invention has numerous significant advantages. The method and apparatus can substantially reduce the use of intake air. The speed of the material's axial movement and the possibility of adjusting the dwell time can influence the reduction result and also improve the reduction effect. By feeding material only from a relatively small inlet, a simpler feeder arrangement is achieved. By shaping the crushing members, it is possible to influence the intensity of the axial movement and thus also the residence time of the material in the processing state.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a simplified and cut away view of a device using the method of the invention,

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the device of the invention taken along line II-11, 20 of Figure 1

Fig. 3 shows a device applying another embodiment of the solution according to the invention, Fig. 4 shows a corresponding device cut along line IV - IV, 25 »in Fig. 3. Figure 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 6 shows another preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, and Fig. 7 (a), (b), (c) shows a v * crushing member for use in the device according to the invention.

. ···. A method according to the invention for reducing combustible material, in particular lignocellulose-containing material such as wood chips, wherein the material M to be treated in method 1 is introduced from a feed opening 3 formed on its surface 2, and in space 1 the material is suitably centrally treated. a rotatable rotor 4 provided with crushing members 5. The flow of the material stream by its treatments is indicated in Fig. 1 by the arrows M and by the arrows M0 the passage of the material stream out of the concept space. The material is introduced into the treatment after a relatively small area from the inlet 3. 5 The material is reduced by crushing means 5 attached to the rotor 4, the material is also brought into axial movement during the treatment. In the case of Figure 1, the material to be treated is divided into two streams of material that are substantially axial during processing. The material to be treated is discharged mainly in the axial direction from the conceptual space 1, the flow of material leaving the ends of which is suitably 10 min.

According to another embodiment, at least a portion of the material is removed from the concept space by at least one opening formed on its surface 2, wherein the material 15 is removed from the concept space mainly in the radial direction. A solution according to this second embodiment is shown in Figures 3 and 4. In them, part of the treated wall 2 comprises openings. The apertured part is denoted by reference numeral 18. Then, through the apertures, a portion of the reduced material Mor- is removed. Part of the material M0 is removed from the conceptual space at the ends of the conceptual space.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the retention time of the material>: ··· in the treatment space 1. Typically, the retention time of the material is controlled by the wall elements 7, 8 arranged in their treatment. 25 miles from the inner surface 2 in the radially inward direction. The wall members * * *, ···, 7, 8 may be integral or separate, for example, separate wall members arranged in a distributed manner on the inner periphery of the surface. The treatment 1 is typically rotationally symmetrical with respect to the axis of the root torque. The integral wall member 7, 8 is thus> · · '· * * preferably annular.

30 v: The residence time of the material can also be adjusted by using reduction elements 9, such as ribs or strips, directed at the inner surface 2 of the treatment. The residence time can also be adjusted by forming part of the conceptual space into a cylindrical shape other than, for example, conical. In this case, after all, the end - **. * 35 zones may be arranged as outwardly tapered truncated maps.

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The design of the crushing means 5 can also influence the residence time of the material to be treated in the processing state. Figures 7 (a), (b) and (c) show a crushing member. The impact surface 52 of the crushing member may be chamfered, whereby the chamfer 51 is used to enhance the axial movement of the material. The crushing member 5 can be secured from the aperture 53 provided thereon to the rotor by means of a securing member, for example an axis 15.

Correspondingly, by designing the crushing members, axial movement can also be slowed down. By arranging differently shaped crushing members in the rotor 10 at different points in its axial direction, axial zones are obtained which may have different properties, e.g. material residence times of different lengths.

In the method according to the invention, material M is introduced into the treatment 1 in the axial direction of the surface 2 from a feed hole 3, preferably formed in the middle, when the crushing members 5 attached to the rotor 4 hit the material particles to be processed. The particles of material are also reduced by the reduction means 9 provided on the wall 2 of the chamber space. According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the material to be treated is screened through at least one screen 18 provided on the wall 2 for processing.

The apparatus according to the invention for reducing lignocellulosic material, in particular wood chips, comprises a substantially cylindrical handpiece. t 25 storage space 1 into which material M to be treated is applied to surface 2, ···. a rotor 4 provided with crushing members 5 protruding from the rotor at least during processing towards the surface 2, leaving a reduction gap 6 between the crushing members and the surface, and at least one of the treated material M0 to remove the processing space. The apparatus comprises means for moving the material to be processed also in axial motion in the processing «· · v: 1.

, ···. The apparatus further comprises means for adjusting the residence time of the material to be treated in the treatment chamber. At least one wall member 7, 8 extending radially inwardly is provided with its treatments. Typically, the wall member 7 is arranged adjacent the end of the chamber space 1. The wall member 7, 8 has a suitable height, i.e., 108617 the distance that the wall member extends inside the chamber space from the cylindrical wall of the chamber space. The height of the wall depends, among other things. the material to be treated and its properties, and the desired end result. Preferably, at least one wall member 7 is provided which is adjustable radially and / or axially 5. Such an adjustment arrangement may be implemented, for example, by means of an adjusting screw 10 mounted on the body of the device or other suitable arrangement.

The inlet 3 of the device is arranged substantially axially in the central region of the surface 2 of the treatment space 1. A feed device 10 11 is provided in connection with the feed opening 3 for feeding material into the processing space 1. The feed device 11 is, according to a preferred embodiment, a feed screw which both closes the space 1 and at the same time feeds the material. In the case of Figures 5 and 6, the axis of the feed screw 11 is oriented towards the axis of the rotor. The feed screw is actuated by the actuator 19. In the embodiment of Figure 6, a guide member 12 is provided in the feed orifice to direct the material to be fed in the desired direction into the treatment space.

| The rotor 4 consists of spacers spaced apart on the shaft 13! rotor plates 14 having crushing members 5 arranged between adjacent rotor plates, preferably articulated. In the embodiment of the figures, the crushing members 5 are arranged in a distributed manner on the circumference of the rotor. The crushing bodies are in order! mounted through the rotor plates 14 on the rod members 15 arranged axially. The crushing members 5 are typically narrower in the direction of rotation than. perpendicular to the direction of rotation. The crushing member 5 is; 25 shaped, most preferably to act at least partially on the force of the axial movement * · · '···. six and / or material dwell times in the treatment space. In Fig. 7, murs- * * I '.'. the caliper member comprises a bevel 51 formed on the impact surface 52, which provides a stronger axial movement on the fifth side, whereby also the residence time of the material is reduced in the processing space. The rotor is driven by actuator 16. The shaft 13 30 is bearing by means of the bearing members 17 as is known per se. The direction of rotation of the rotor v '· can be reversed, whereby the need for changing the crushing members 5 due to their wear can be shifted.

In accordance with one embodiment, the chamber 1 is provided with a plurality of wall members 7, 8 extending from the wall 35, which divide the chamber space 1 in axial direction into a plurality of zones. The shape and size of the wall members 7, 8 can be changed.

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It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but may be varied within the scope of the appended claims.

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Claims (19)

A method for processing piece material into smaller pieces, in which method the material to be treated is inserted into a treatment space (1) through an inlet opening (3) extending through its surface (2), and in which space the material is treated with a rotatable rotor (4) which is preferably arranged centrally in the space and provided with crushing means (5), which material during treatment is also brought into a substantially axial movement in the treatment space (1), characterized in that the material treated during the treatment is divided. up into two essentially axial material flows. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material being treated is moved out of the treatment space (1) substantially axially. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least a portion of the material is discharged through an at least one opening opening through the surface of the treatment space. 20 Method according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the time during which the material lies in the treatment space (1) is controlled. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the lying time of the material is controlled by wall means (7, 8) arranged in the treatment space (1). 6. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the lying time of the material is controlled by using directed disintegrating means (9) on the surface of the treatment space. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a part of; the treatment space (1) is given the shape of an object other than a cylinder, such as the shape of a cone. Method according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the material is introduced into the treatment space (1) through an inlet opening (3) which is'; '' Made in the center region in the axial direction of the cylinder surface. 11 1 0861 7 Method according to any of claims 1-8, characterized in that the material being treated is sallied by at least one sage (18) arranged on the wall (2) of the treatment space. Method according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lying time of the material is influenced by the use of shaped crushing means (5). H. Device for the processing of lignocellulosic materials, in particular | wood chips, in smaller pieces, comprising a treatment space (1) into which the material to be treated is passed through an inlet opening (3) extending through the surface (2), a rotor (4) provided in the treatment space. with crushing means (5) which, at least during the treatment, protrudes from the rotor in the direction of the surface (2), whereby between the crushing means and the surface there arises a disintegrating gap (6), which means comprises means for additionally bringing the material treated in a substantially axial movement in the treatment space (1), characterized in that the inlet opening (3) is arranged substantially in the axial direction in the middle region of the surface (2) of the treatment space. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the device further comprises means for controlling the time during which the material being treated lies in the treatment chamber. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least one wall means (7,8) which radially extends radially is arranged in the treatment space (1). Device according to any of claims 11 - 13, characterized in that at least one wall member (7) is adjustable in the axial direction in the treatment space (1). Device according to any one of claims 11 - 14, characterized in that a feeder device (11) is provided in connection with the inlet opening (3): • · ·: for input of material in the treatment room. Device according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the crushing means (5) is preferably shaped such that it at least partially influences the strength of the axial movement and / or the lying time of the material in: the treatment space. 12 1 0861 7 Device according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the rotor (4) consists of a shaft (13) spaced apart from one another by rotor plates (14), between which rotor plates (5) located adjacent to one another are arranged. , preferably articulated. 5 Apparatus according to any of claims 11 - 17, characterized in that in the inlet opening (3) or in conjunction with it there is arranged that control means (12) for controlling the material being measured. Device according to any one of claims 11 - 18, characterized in that in the treatment space are arranged several wall means (7, 8) extending inwardly from its inner surface (2) and which axially divides the chamber space into several zones. * * * * # · · Tl · t tl »i i i