SI9200063A - Ceramic building unit - Google Patents

Abstract

In the case of a ceramic structural element (1) having a shell body (2) bounding a hollow space (6), the ends open out into end faces (10). For producing a load-bearing element formed by two or more structural elements, arranged in the longitudinal direction (11) one behind the other and with their hollow spaces (6) in alignment, concrete or mortar is introduced into the hollow spaces (6). In the case of a load-bearing element of this type, in order to achieve a continuous concrete bond in the area of the joint without using formwork, the structural element (1) has, at at least one end, an edge (18, 19, 20) which protrudes in the longitudinal direction (11) of the structural element and extends on the outer side around the end face (10) and the end face (10) extends from the edge (18, 19, 20) in the longitudinal direction (11) of the structural element (1) in a set-back fashion as far as the inner side of the shell body (2) bounding the hollow space (6). The invention also has the object of providing the process for producing the ceramic structural element and an apparatus for carrying out the process. Before firing or hardening, the structural element (1) is trimmed at at least one end by means of a cutting wire (29) stretched between wire clamps (28). The cutting wire (29) is supported on at least one wire support (32), arranged between these wire clamps (28), and the wire support (32) is adjusted in dependence on the cutting operation during cutting by bending (38) of the cutting wire (29) at the wire support (32) transversely to the cutting movement of the cutting wire (29). <IMAGE>

Description

Leitl Spannton Gesellschaft m.b.H.

Ceramic building element

The invention relates to a ceramic building element, in particular a brick shell, with a shell body which restricts the hollow space and whose ends extend into the face surfaces, for the manufacture of a supporting element, such as for example. a lintel formed of two or more longitudinally one after the other and with its hollow spaces aligned with the structural elements and with the introduction of concrete or mortar into the hollow spaces. The invention further relates to a supporting element made of such building elements, to a process for the manufacture of such a building element and to a preparation for carrying out the process.

In the manufacture of the load-bearing element of the above-mentioned type, especially in the case of prestressed load-bearing elements, a rigid connection of the shell bodies at the junction points is required for static reasons, so that the compressive forces can be transmitted directly from the body to the shell body.

For this purpose, it is known that the brick shells are cut by a cutting wire using a cutting wire separated from the beam by a rectangular longitudinally driven section, and the brick shells are laid on the table one after the other after firing to form a supporting element with spacer slots. Pour the hollow spaces with concrete or mortar, whereby the concrete or mortar is filled. mortar enters spacer slots and connects brick shells. In order to prevent the concrete or concrete from escaping. mortar from spacer slots between the brick shells should provide for lateral observations, which after hardening of concrete or concrete should be provided. remove mortars with additional energy consumption.

22055PP0.IV

A further disadvantage of this type of support element is that no concrete cover is available at the junction points between the two brick shells, thus not giving any or no concrete. only slight corrosion protection.

It is further known that the ends of the brick shells are cut in such a way that there are gaps between the adjacent brick shells available as letter V. Here, too, the disadvantage is the required observation.

The invention measures the avoidance of these shortcomings and problems and sets itself the task of creating ceramic building elements of the kind described above, which can be made in a simple way and from which the supporting element, such as a lintel or e.g. ceiling mount. With such a supporting element, no concrete from the outside should be visible on the sides of the brick shells, however, a continuous concrete joint should be available in the area of the slits.

This task is solved by the invention by the fact that the construction element comprises a projecting edge extending around the front surface at least one end in the longitudinal direction of the construction element, and extending in the longitudinal direction from the edge extending from the edge. element displaced back to the inside of the shell body, which side limits the hollow space. <

The projecting edge is preferably in one plane, the plane of the edge being advantageously aligned at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the building element.

The ceramic construction element can be constructed in a particularly simple way if the edge of the cross-section of the face is designed with the outer surface of the shell body.

For special requirements of sealing between the building elements, the edge comprises a suitable sealing surface which preferably extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the building element, the sealing surface preferably having a width of from 2 to 4 mm.

A preferred embodiment is characterized by the fact that the front surface is formed from substantially flat partial surfaces.

In this case, it is advantageous to form the front face at least over the portion of the face that is inclined

22O55PP0.IV opposite the longitudinal direction of the building element.

A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the projecting edge is formed of a lath, the lath preferably comprising a triangular, rectangular, square or trapezoidal cross-section. i

Bearing element made of ceramic construction elements, in which two or more building elements, each of which are formed from a shell body, formed by a hollow space arranged in a longitudinal direction, hollow space as well as between the front faces of adjacent construction elements The elements of the available intermediate space are filled with concrete or mortar, characterized in that the shell bodies of adjacent building elements are closely adjacent to each other, with the extending edge contacting either the front in the longitudinal direction of the construction element and around the front face from the outside. the surface or projecting edge of the adjacent building element, and that concrete or mortar is introduced into the slit thus formed between the front surfaces of the adjacent building element.

Particularly good connection in the gap area is given when the gap between the front surfaces of the adjacent building element and the gap filled with concrete or mortar covers a width of at least 3 mm.

Further, it is an object of the invention to provide a process for the manufacture of a ceramic construction element as well as a preparation for carrying out this process, which makes it possible to manufacture a construction element according to the invention at an affordable cost.

This task is performed in a process for manufacturing a ceramic construction element, in which the construction element is burned or burned. cut through at least one end with the help of tension cutting wires between the wire holders, solves by cutting the wire support to at least one wire support arranged between its holders and the wire support depending on the cutting course during cutting while bending the cutting wire on wire support transversely to the cutting motion of the cutting wire.

Repositioning of the wire support is effected by means of a template control.

According to a preferred embodiment, the wire holders are dependent on the cutter

22055PP0.IV moves during cutting, in the opposite direction with respect to the shifting of the wire support, preferably by means of a template control, in order to produce a straight-line running edge on all side walls of the building element.

The preferred process is characterized by the fact that two building elements are formed by forming a common hollow space with each other mirroring the other, and cutting the building elements at one end together, with the cutting wire entering the upper building element in a straight line at the beginning of the cutting, then however, by repositioning the wire support and in the given case, the wire holders bend as well as finally at the end of the cutting course by repositioning the wire support or. again tighten the wire holders in a straight line.

In order to equip the edge with a sealing surface, it is advisable, after making a cut with a bent cutting wire, to make a subsequent cut with a straight tensile cutting wire.

A device for performing the process with a cutting wire tensioned between the wire grips that are movable along the guides is characterized in that at least one wire cutting support is provided between the wire grips which is movable against the cutting wire when bent. and back.

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Preferably, the wire support is guided by the templates arranged parallel to the wire holder guide, and in order to achieve a straight edge of the wire holder guide, the opposite pattern moving the wire support is expediently designed as cutting wire.

The invention will now be further illustrated by means of a drawing in several embodiments, where FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a building element; FIG. 2 and 3 a support element consisting of several construction elements in FIG.

represented species, in top and side view, FIG. 4 more, on the tensioning table adjacent to each other the structural elements arranged, before pouring with concrete, FIG. 5 and 6, a device for manufacturing a building element in FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in side view as well as in cross-section along line VI-VI of FIG. 5,

22055PP0.IV fig. 7 is a second embodiment of a building element in perspective view; FIG. 8 and 9 a top view as well as a cross-section along the line ΙΧ-ΙΧ of FIG. 8, FIG. 10 and 11 a further embodiment of a building element in top and side views. ₍

In FIG. 1 shows the ceramic building element 1 is a grooved-brick shell with a body 2 shells comprising a bottom 3 and a sidewall projecting from the bottom 4,

5. Within the hollow space 6 enclosed by the shell body 2, a bridge 9 is provided between the side walls for the formation of the two grooves 7, 8. The ends of the shell body extend into the face 10, which according to the invention comprise a special design.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the frontal surface consists of a longitudinally disposed partial surface 12, 13, 14 of the construction element 1 facing each other 11, each partial surface 12, 13, 14 being formed by one of the outer surfaces 15, 16, 17 of the body 2 of the shell line 18, 19, 20, representing in the longitudinal direction 11 of the building element 1, a projecting edge. The partial surfaces 12, 13, 14 extend from this edge 18, 19, 20 towards the center of the shell body, so that they are offset opposite the edge 18, 19, 20 in the longitudinal direction 11 until they enter the hollow space 6 so that the front the plot comprises a concave shape. The edge 18,19,20 of the shell body 2 extends in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the building element 1.

In FIG. 2 and 3 show part of the supporting element 21 as a lintel or a ceiling support, in which concrete or concrete is used for transparency reasons. mortar partially removed,. consisting of in FIG. 1 represented building elements 1, which are designed in the same way on both ends. The building elements 1 are aligned with the contact of the two edges 18, 19, 20 of the respective opposing face surfaces 10. There is a free space 22 between the face surfaces, the maximum width of which is preferably about 3 mm, which when pouring the hollow space 6 with concrete 23 also fills the mortar and thus establishes a good connection between the individual building elements in the gap area 1.

From FIG. 2.and 3 it is seen that the edge 18, 19, 20 is so tight that the hollow space 6 is such that no plastering is required when pouring with concrete 23 or mortar, so that construction works can be arranged directly adjacent to one another in direct contact with each other elements 1 of the multi-flooded supporting bodies 21 (cf. FIG. 4).

22055PP0.IV

The construction of building element 1 is preferably followed as described below:

First, a beam is drawn from the ceramic mass, the cross-section of which corresponds to the desired cross-section of the building element 1. Two such portions 25 mirror each other so as to form a common hollow space. Subsequently, parts 25 are cut off from the beam, the length of which is slightly greater than the length of the fabricated element. The cut ends 26 of the parts 25 are traced together with the wire cutting device 27.

This wire cutting device 27 comprises a tension cutting wire 29 between the wire holders 28, the wire holders 28 being guided in the cutting direction 30 along the schematically represented guides 31.

Among the wire holders 28 are provided cutting wire 29 supporting wire supports 32, which, during the cutting course, move transversely to the cutting direction 30 towards the cutting wire 29 while bending it on the wire supports 32 and back. To this end, the wire supports 32 are guided by cylinders 33 on locally fixed templates 34.

In order to achieve a straight edge 19, 20 on the side walls 4 and 5 of the building element 1 when cutting the wire supports 32 against the cutting wire 29, the wire holders 28 are also movable transversely to the cutting direction 30, such that in each case, the location of the cutting wire 29, which moves along the outer surface 16, 17 of the outer walls 4, 5, directed in a direction directed perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction 11 of the building element 35. The transverse movement of the wire holders 28 thus permits compensation by the transverse movement of the wire supports 32 when bending the cutting wire 29 of a given offset - the size of this depends on the offset of 36 wire holders 28 as well as the offset of 37 wire supports 32 from the outer surfaces 16,17,18 of the side walls 4, 5 and also the depth 38 of the transverse movement of the cutting wire.

To begin cutting, that is, when the cutting wire 29 enters the upper portion 25, the cutting wire is tensioned in a straight line. The profiles of the templates 34 and 31 - which are designed accordingly to the shape of the desired face surfaces 10 - are then bent, as shown in FIG. 6. When leaving the lower portion 25, the cutting wire '29 is re-tensioned in a straight line, giving the outer surface 15 of the bottom 3 of the building element 1 a straight edge 18.

Following a cutting course that can be performed at either end or only at one end

22055PP0.IV of building element 1, followed by hardening of building element 1 in a conventional manner, such as e.g. by firing.

According to an embodiment of the building element Γ presented in FIG. 7 to 9, the projecting edge 18, 19, 20 is at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the construction element of the oriented sealing surface 39, which can be formed e.g. with a straight cut cut wire 29 following the cut described above. The width 40 of the sealing surface 39 is preferably between 2 and 4 mm.

In Fig. 10 and 11, an embodiment of construction element 1 ”is presented, in which the projecting edge 18,19,20 is formed by a lath 41 with approximately a square cross-section. This lath 41 could also comprise any otherwise designed cross-section. The workmanship can be followed by a cutting course using knives. In this case, the front face 10 'is straight and extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction 11 of the construction element 1'.

Claims (20)

PATENT APPLICATIONS A ceramic building element (1, Γ, 1 ”), in particular a brick shell, with a body (2) of shells which constrain the hollow space (6) and whose ends extend into the front faces (10, 10 '), for the manufacturers of the supporting structure element (21), such as a lintel formed of two or more longitudinally one after the other and with its hollow spaces (6) aligned with the structural elements (1, Γ, 1 ”) and with the introduction of concrete (23) or mortar into the hollow spaces (6) in that the construction element (1,1 ', 1') comprises at least one end in the longitudinal direction (11) of the castle. the edge element protruding edge (18, 19, 20) extending from the outside around the front face (10,10 ') and the front face (10, 10') extending from the edge (18, 19, 20) , extends in the longitudinal direction (11) of the building element (1, Γ, 1 ”) offset back to the inner side of the shell body (2), which side limits the hollow space (6). Ceramic building element (1, Γ, 1 ”) according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting edge (18,19,20) lies in one plane. Ceramic building element (1, Γ, 1 ”) according to claim 2, characterized in that the plane of the edge (18, 19, 20) is at right angles to the longitudinal direction (11) of the building element (1, Γ, 1 ”). Ceramic construction element (1, Γ, 1 ”) according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the edge (18, 19, 20) is formed by the cross-section of the face (10) with the outer surface (15) , 16,17) bodies (20 shells). Ceramic construction element (Γ) according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the edge (18, 19, 20) comprises a sealing surface (39) which preferably extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (11) of the building element (1 ') (Figs. 7 to 9). Ceramic construction element (] ') according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing surface (39) comprises a width (40) of 2 to 4 mm. Ceramic construction element (1, Γ, 1 ”) according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the front surface (10) is formed from substantially flat parts 22055PP0.IV plot (12,13,14). Ceramic construction element (1, Γ) according to one or more of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the front surface (10) is formed at least over a portion of the surface inclined opposite the longitudinal groove (11) of the construction element (1). Γ). Ceramic construction element (1 ”) according to one or more of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the projecting edge is formed from a lath (41). 10. The ceramic building element (1 ”) according to claim 9, characterized in that the strip (41) preferably comprises a triangular, rectangular, square or trapezoidal cross-section. 11. A support element (21) formed from a ceramic construction element (1, Γ, 1 ”) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein two or more construction elements (1, Γ, 1”) are each designed from the body (2) of the shell formed by the hollow space (6) arranged in a longitudinal direction (11) one after the other, the hollow space (6) as well as between the front surfaces (10, 10 ') of adjacent building elements (1 , Γ, 1 ”) the available intermediate space (22) is filled with concrete (23) or mortar ^, characterized in that the bodies (2) of the shell of adjacent building elements (1, Γ, 1”) are closely adjacent to each other, wherein, in the longitudinal direction (11) of the building element (1, Γ, 1 ”), the extending edge (18, 19, 20) contacts the outer face (18, 19, 20) from the outside and extends from the outside (10,10) ') or the projecting edge (18,19, 20) of the adjacent building element (1, Γ, 1 ”), and that it is in the slit (22) thus formed between the front faces (10,10') of the adjacent gr adhesive element (1, Γ, 1 ”), concrete (23) or mortar inserted. Support element (21) according to claim 11, characterized in that, between the front faces (10) of the adjacent building element (1, 1 ', 1'), the slits have a width of at least 3 mm and a concrete (23) or filled mortar. . A method of manufacturing a ceramic building element (1, Γ, 1 ”) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein the building element (1, Γ, 1”) is fired or burned. cut through at least one end with the help of wire 22055PP0.IV Tensile cutting wires (29), characterized in that the cutting wire (29) is supported by at least one wire support (32) and wire support (32) arranged between its holders (28). depending on the cutting course, while cutting, when bending the cutting wire (29), it moves transversely to the cutting movement (30) of the cutting wire (29) on the wire support (32). Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the repositioning of the wire support (32) is carried out by means of a template control (33, 34). 15.. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the wire holders (28) are displaced during cutting in the opposite direction relative to the displacement of the wire support (32), preferably by means of a template control (31). Method according to one or more of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the two building elements (1, Γ, 1 ”), by forming a common hollow space (6), are made to mirror each other and the elements (1, Γ, 1 ”) is cut together at one end, with the cutting wire (29) entering the upper building element (1, Γ, 1”) in a straight line at the beginning of the cutting, and then by moving the wire support (32) and into in the present case, the wire holders (28) bend as well as finally at the end of the cutting course by repositioning the wire support (32) or. Retighten the wire holders (28) in a straight line. Method according to one or more of Claims 13 to 16, characterized in that after the cutting with the bent cutting wire (29), a subsequent cut is made with a straight tensile cutting wire (29). A device for performing the process according to one or more of claims 13 to 17, with a cutting wire (29) tensioned between the wire holders (28), which are movable along the guides (41), characterized in that it is between the wire holders (28) ) provided at least one cutting wire (29) supporting wire support (32) that moves toward the cutting wire (29) when bending it and back. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the wire support (32) is arranged in a pattern (34) arranged parallel to the guide (31) of the wire holders (28). 22055PP0.IV Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the guides (31) of the wire holders (28) are designed as cutting wires (29) in the opposite pattern (31), which moves the wire support (32).