EP0514366A1 - Ceramic structural element, process and apparatus for making it - Google Patents

Ceramic structural element, process and apparatus for making it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0514366A1
EP0514366A1 EP92890107A EP92890107A EP0514366A1 EP 0514366 A1 EP0514366 A1 EP 0514366A1 EP 92890107 A EP92890107 A EP 92890107A EP 92890107 A EP92890107 A EP 92890107A EP 0514366 A1 EP0514366 A1 EP 0514366A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
cutting
component
longitudinal direction
edge
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Granted
Application number
EP92890107A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0514366B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Redlhammer
Guido Steiniger
Karl Gründlinger
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LEITL SPANNTON GmbH
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LEITL SPANNTON GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/12—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for removing parts of the articles by cutting
    • B28B11/125—Cutting-off protruding ridges, also profiled cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/14—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
    • B28B11/16—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting for extrusion or for materials supplied in long webs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/20—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/22—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members built-up by elements jointed in line

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ceramic component, in particular a brick shell, with a shell body defining a cavity, the ends of which end in end faces, for producing one of two or more components arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and with their cavities aligned and by introducing concrete or mortar into the Cavities formed support element, like a fall.
  • the invention further relates to a support element produced from such components, a method for producing such a component and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has the object to provide ceramic components of the type described above, which can be manufactured in a simple manner and from which a support element, such as a fall or z. B. a ceiling support can be formed. With such a support element, no concrete should be visible from the outside on the sides of the brick shell and nevertheless there should be a continuous concrete connection in the joint area.
  • the component has at least one end in the longitudinal direction of the component projecting edge that extends around the outside of the end face, and that the end face is set back from the edge in the longitudinal direction of the component back to the cavity-bounding inside of the shell body extends.
  • the projecting edge preferably lies in one plane, the plane of the edge advantageously being oriented at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the component.
  • the ceramic component can be produced in a particularly simple manner if the edge is formed by the line of intersection of the end face with the outer surface of the shell body.
  • the edge expediently has a sealing surface which preferably extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the component, the sealing surface advantageously having a width of 2 to 4 mm.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the end face is formed from essentially flat partial surfaces.
  • the end face is expediently formed at least over part of a surface which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the component.
  • a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the projecting edge is formed by a strip, the strip advantageously having a triangular, rectangular, square or trapezoidal cross section.
  • a supporting element formed from ceramic components, in which two or more components, each of which is formed by a shell body forming a cavity, are arranged in alignment in the longitudinal direction one behind the other and the cavity and an intermediate space present between the end faces of adjacent components are filled with concrete or mortar , is characterized in that the shell bodies of adjacent components abut one another, an edge projecting in the longitudinal direction of the components and extending around the end face contacting either the end face or a projecting edge of the adjacent component, and in that in such a way that adjacent between the end faces Components formed gap concrete or mortar is introduced.
  • a particularly good connection is provided in the joint area if the gap formed between the end faces of adjacent components and filled with concrete or mortar has a width of at least 3 mm.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a ceramic component and an apparatus for carrying out the method, which permits cost-effective production of a component according to the invention.
  • This object is achieved in a method for producing a ceramic component, in which the component is trimmed at least at one end by means of a cutting wire stretched between wire clamps before firing or hardening, in that the cutting wire is supported on at least one wire support arranged between its wire clamps is and the wire support is adjusted transversely to the cutting movement of the cutting wire depending on the cutting process during cutting by bending the cutting wire on the wire support.
  • the adjustment of the wire support is expediently carried out by means of a template control.
  • the wire clamps are adjusted as a function of the cutting process during the cutting, etc. in the opposite direction to the adjustment of the wire support, preferably by means of a template control, as a result of which a straight edge can be produced on all side walls of the component.
  • a preferred method is characterized in that two components are produced one above the other in a mirror-image manner to form a common cavity and the components at one end be trimmed together, the cutting wire entering the upper component in the straight state at the beginning of the cutting, then bent by adjusting the wire support and, if necessary, the wire clamps, and finally stretched again in a straight line at the end of the cutting process by adjusting the wire support or the wire clamps.
  • a device for carrying out the method with a cutting wire stretched between wire clamps which can be moved along guides is characterized in that at least one wire support supporting the cutting wire is provided between the wire clamps and can be moved back and forth against the cutting wire by bending it.
  • the wire support is advantageously guided on a template arranged parallel to the guide of the wire clamps, wherein the guides of the wire clamps are expediently designed as the cutting wire opposite to the template moving the wire support in order to achieve a straight edge.
  • FIG. 1 showing a component in an oblique view
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 showing a support element composed of several components of the type shown in FIG. 1 in plan and elevation.
  • Fig. 4 shows several components arranged side by side on a clamping table before being poured with concrete.
  • 5 and 6 is a device for producing a component of the type shown in Fig. 1 in schematic representation in elevation and in section along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5 illustrated.
  • Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of a component in an oblique view
  • Figs. 8 and 9 represent a floor plan for this and a section taken along the line IX-IX of Fig. 8.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 is another embodiment of a Component illustrated in outline and cross-section.
  • the ceramic component 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a grooved brick shell with a shell body 2 which has a base 3 and side walls 4, 5 projecting on both sides of the base. Within the cavity 6 enclosed by the shell body 2, a web 9 is provided between the side walls to form two grooves 7, 8. The ends of the shell body open into end faces 10, which according to the invention have a special design.
  • the end face 10 is composed of partial surfaces 12, 13, 14 arranged inclined against the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1, each partial surface 12, 13, 14 each having one of the outer surfaces 15, 16, 17 of the Shell body 2 forms a section line 18, 19, 20, which represents an edge projecting in the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1.
  • the partial surfaces 12, 13, 14 extend from this edge 18, 19, 20 towards the center of the shell body, so they are set back relative to the edge 18, 19, 20 in the longitudinal direction 11 to the junction in the cavity 6, so that the End face has a concave shape.
  • the edge 18, 19, 20 of the shell body 2 extends in a plane oriented at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 show part of a support element 21, such as a lintel or a ceiling girder, in which Clarity was partly omitted the concrete or mortar, which is composed of components 1 shown in FIG. 1, which are identical at both ends.
  • the components 1 are aligned by contacting the two edges 18, 19, 20 of the mutually opposite end faces 10. Between the end faces 10 there is a free space 22, the maximum width of which is preferably about 3 mm, which also fills when the cavity 6 is poured with concrete 23 or mortar and thus creates a good connection in the joint area between the individual components 1.
  • a component 1 is preferably produced as described below:
  • a strand is pressed from a ceramic mass, the cross section of which corresponds to the desired cross section of a component 1.
  • Two of these parts 25 are mirror images one above the other so that they form a common cavity.
  • parts 25 are separated from the strand, the length of which is somewhat greater than the length of the finished component.
  • the ends 26 of the parts 25 are cut together with a wire cutting device 27.
  • This wire cutting device 27 has a cutting wire 29 stretched between wire clips 28, the wire clips 28 being guided in the cutting direction 30 along schematically illustrated guides 31.
  • wire supports 32 which support the cutting wire 29 and which can be moved transversely to the cutting direction 30 against the cutting wire 29 by bending the same on the wire supports 32 and back during the cutting process.
  • the wire supports 32 are guided on fixed templates 34 by means of rollers 33.
  • the wire clamps 28 can also be moved transversely to the cutting direction 30, in such a way that in each case the location of the cutting wire 29, which moves along an outer surface 16, 17 of the side walls 4, 5, is guided in a plane 35 directed at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1.
  • the transverse movement of the wire clamps 28 thus allows the offset resulting from the transverse movement of the wire supports 32 when the cutting wire 29 is bent, the size of the distance 36 of the wire clamps 28 and of the distance 37 of the wire supports 32 from the outer surfaces 16, 17 of the side walls 4, 5 and also Depth 38 of the transverse movement of the cutting wire 29 depends - compensate.
  • the cutting wire 29 is stretched in a straight line. Then it is bent according to the profiles of the templates 34 and 31 - which are designed according to the shape of the desired end faces 10 - as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the cutting wire 29 is in turn stretched in a straight line, as a result of which the outer surface 15 of the base 3 of the component 1 is given a straight edge 18.
  • the component 1 After the cutting process, which can be carried out at both ends or only at one end of the component 1, the component 1 is hardened in a conventional manner, such as, for. B. by burning.
  • the projecting edge 18, 19, 20 is formed by a flat and at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component sealing surface 39, the z. B. can be formed by a cut following the cut described above with a straight-line cutting wire 29.
  • the width 40 of the sealing surface 39 is preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
  • a component 1 ⁇ is shown, in which the projecting edge 18, 19, 20 is formed by a bar 41 with an approximately square cross section.
  • This bar 41 could also have a cross section of any other design.
  • the production can be done by a cutting process with the help of knives.
  • the end face 10 ' is flat in this case and extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1 ⁇ .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

In the case of a ceramic structural element (1) having a shell body (2) bounding a hollow space (6), the ends open out into end faces (10). For producing a load-bearing element formed by two or more structural elements, arranged in the longitudinal direction (11) one behind the other and with their hollow spaces (6) in alignment, concrete or mortar is introduced into the hollow spaces (6). In the case of a load-bearing element of this type, in order to achieve a continuous concrete bond in the area of the joint without using formwork, the structural element (1) has, at at least one end, an edge (18, 19, 20) which protrudes in the longitudinal direction (11) of the structural element and extends on the outer side around the end face (10) and the end face (10) extends from the edge (18, 19, 20) in the longitudinal direction (11) of the structural element (1) in a set-back fashion as far as the inner side of the shell body (2) bounding the hollow space (6). The invention also has the object of providing the process for producing the ceramic structural element and an apparatus for carrying out the process. Before firing or hardening, the structural element (1) is trimmed at at least one end by means of a cutting wire (29) stretched between wire clamps (28). The cutting wire (29) is supported on at least one wire support (32), arranged between these wire clamps (28), and the wire support (32) is adjusted in dependence on the cutting operation during cutting by bending (38) of the cutting wire (29) at the wire support (32) transversely to the cutting movement of the cutting wire (29). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein keramisches Bauelement, insbesondere eine Ziegelschale, mit einem einen Hohlraum begrenzenden Schalenkörper, dessen Enden in Stirnflächen münden, zur Herstellung eines aus zwei oder mehreren in Längsrichtung hintereinander und mit ihren Hohlräumen fluchtend angeordneten Bauelementen und durch Einbringen von Beton oder Mörtel in die Hohlräume gebildeten Tragelementes, wie eines Sturzes. Weiters betrifft die Erfindung ein aus solchen Bauelementen hergestelltes Tragelement, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Bauelementes und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a ceramic component, in particular a brick shell, with a shell body defining a cavity, the ends of which end in end faces, for producing one of two or more components arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and with their cavities aligned and by introducing concrete or mortar into the Cavities formed support element, like a fall. The invention further relates to a support element produced from such components, a method for producing such a component and a device for carrying out the method.

Beim Herstellen eines Tragelementes der eingangs beschriebenen Art, insbesondere bei vorgespannten Tragelementen, ist aus statischen Gründen eine starre Verbindung der Schalenkörper an den Stoßstellen gefordert, so daß Druckkräfte direkt von Schalenkörper zu Schalenkörper Übertragen werden können.When producing a support element of the type described in the introduction, in particular in the case of prestressed support elements, a rigid connection of the shell bodies at the abutment points is required for static reasons, so that compressive forces can be transmitted directly from the shell body to the shell body.

Es ist bekannt, zu diesem Zweck Ziegelschalen durch Schneiden mit Hilfe eines Schneiddrahtes von einem Strang mit einem rechtwinkelig zur Längsrichtung des Stranges geführten Schnitt abzutrennen und die Ziegelschalen nach dem Brennen zur Bildung eines Tragelementes mit Abstandsfugen hintereinander auf einen Tisch aufzulegen und die Hohlräume mit Beton oder Mörtel zu vergießen, wobei Beton bzw. Mörtel in die Abstandsfugen gelangt und die Ziegelschalen verbindet. Um ein Austreten des Betons bzw. des Mörtels aus den Abstandsfugen zwischen den Ziegelschalen zu verhindern, ist es notwendig, seitliche Abschalungen vorzusehen, die nach dem Aushärten des Betons bzw. des Mörtels arbeitsaufwendig entfernt werden müssen.It is known for this purpose to separate brick shells by cutting with the aid of a cutting wire from a strand with a cut made at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the strand and to place the brick shells on a table after firing to form a supporting element with spacing joints and the cavities with concrete or Pour mortar, whereby concrete or mortar gets into the spacing joints and connects the brick shells. In order to prevent the concrete or mortar from escaping from the spacing joints between the brick shells, it is necessary to provide lateral formwork, which has to be laboriously removed after the concrete or mortar has hardened.

Ein weiterer Nachteil dieser Art von Tragelementen ist darin zu sehen, daß an den Stoßstellen zwischen zwei Ziegelschalen keine Betondeckung vorhanden ist, wodurch hier kein bzw. nur ein geringer Korrosionsschutz gegeben ist.Another disadvantage of this type of support elements can be seen in the fact that there is no concrete cover at the joints between two brick shells, as a result of which there is little or no corrosion protection.

Es ist weiters bekannt, die Enden der Ziegelschalen derart schräg abzuschneiden, daß zwischen benachbarten Ziegelschalen eine V-förmige Fuge vorhanden ist. Auch hier ergibt sich der Nachteil der erforderlichen Abschalungen.It is also known to cut the ends of the brick shells at an angle such that a V-shaped joint is present between adjacent brick shells. Here too there is the disadvantage of the necessary formwork.

Die Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile und Schwierigkeiten und stellt sich die Aufgabe, keramische Bauelemente der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, die in einfacher Weise herstellbar sind und aus denen ohne Abschalungen ein Tragelement, wie ein Sturz oder z. B. ein Deckenträger, gebildet werden kann. Bei einem solchen Tragelement soll an den Seiten der Ziegelschale kein Beton von außen sichtbar sein und trotzdem eine durchgehende Betonverbindung im Fugenbereich vorhanden sein.The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has the object to provide ceramic components of the type described above, which can be manufactured in a simple manner and from which a support element, such as a fall or z. B. a ceiling support can be formed. With such a support element, no concrete should be visible from the outside on the sides of the brick shell and nevertheless there should be a continuous concrete connection in the joint area.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Bauelement an mindestens einem Ende einen in Längsrichtung des Bauelementes vorragenden Rand aufweist, der sich um die Stirnfläche außenseitig erstreckt, und daß sich die Stirnfläche ausgehend vom Rand in Längsrichtung des Bauelementes rückversetzt bis zur den Hohlraum begrenzenden Innenseite des Schalenkörpers erstreckt.This object is achieved in that the component has at least one end in the longitudinal direction of the component projecting edge that extends around the outside of the end face, and that the end face is set back from the edge in the longitudinal direction of the component back to the cavity-bounding inside of the shell body extends.

Vorzugsweise liegt der vorragende Rand in einer Ebene, wobei zweckmäßig die Ebene des Randes im rechten Winkel zur Längsrichtung des Bauelementes ausgerichtet ist.The projecting edge preferably lies in one plane, the plane of the edge advantageously being oriented at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the component.

In besonders einfacher Art und Weise ist das keramische Bauelement herstellbar, wenn der Rand von der Schnittlinie der Stirnfläche mit der Außenfläche des Schalenkörpers gebildet ist.The ceramic component can be produced in a particularly simple manner if the edge is formed by the line of intersection of the end face with the outer surface of the shell body.

Für besondere Anforderungen der Dichtheit zwischen den Bauelementen weist zweckmäßig der Rand eine Dichtfläche auf, die sich vorzugsweise rechtwinkelig zur Längsrichtung des Bauelementes erstreckt, wobei vorteilhaft die Dichtfläche eine Breite von 2 bis 4 mm aufweist.For special requirements of tightness between the components, the edge expediently has a sealing surface which preferably extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the component, the sealing surface advantageously having a width of 2 to 4 mm.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stirnfläche aus im wesentlichen ebenen Teilflächen gebildet ist.A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the end face is formed from essentially flat partial surfaces.

Hierbei ist zweckmäßig die Stirnfläche zumindest über einen Teil von einer gegenüber der Längsrichtung des Bauelementes geneigten Fläche gebildet.In this case, the end face is expediently formed at least over part of a surface which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the component.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorragende Rand von einer Leiste gebildet ist, wobei vorteilhaft die Leiste einen dreieckigen, rechteckigen, quadratischen oder trapezförmigen Querschnitt aufweist.A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the projecting edge is formed by a strip, the strip advantageously having a triangular, rectangular, square or trapezoidal cross section.

Ein Tragelement, gebildet aus keramischen Bauelementen, bei dem zwei oder mehrere Bauelemente, die jeweils von einem einen Hohlraum bildenden Schalenkörper gebildet sind, in Längsrichtung fluchtend hintereinander angeordnet sind und der Hohlraum sowie ein zwischen den Stirnflächen benachbarter Bauelemente vorhandener Zwischenraum mit Beton oder Mörtel gefüllt sind, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalenkörper benachbarter Bauelemente dicht aneinander anliegen, wobei ein in Längsrichtung der Bauelemente vorragender und sich um die Stirnfläche außenseitig erstreckender Rand entweder die Stirnfläche oder einen vorragenden Rand des benachbarten Bauelementes kontaktiert, und daß in dem so zwischen den Stirnflächen benachbarter Bauelemente gebildeten Spalt Beton oder Mörtel eingebracht ist.A supporting element, formed from ceramic components, in which two or more components, each of which is formed by a shell body forming a cavity, are arranged in alignment in the longitudinal direction one behind the other and the cavity and an intermediate space present between the end faces of adjacent components are filled with concrete or mortar , is characterized in that the shell bodies of adjacent components abut one another, an edge projecting in the longitudinal direction of the components and extending around the end face contacting either the end face or a projecting edge of the adjacent component, and in that in such a way that adjacent between the end faces Components formed gap concrete or mortar is introduced.

Eine besonders gute Verbindung im Fugenbereich ist dann gegeben, wenn der zwischen den Stirnflächen benachbarter Bauelemente gebildete und mit Beton oder Mörtel gefüllte Spalt eine Breite von mindestens 3 mm aufweist.A particularly good connection is provided in the joint area if the gap formed between the end faces of adjacent components and filled with concrete or mortar has a width of at least 3 mm.

Die Erfindung stellt sich weiters die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen Bauelementes sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, die eine kostengünstige Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Bauelementes gestattet.Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a ceramic component and an apparatus for carrying out the method, which permits cost-effective production of a component according to the invention.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen Bauelementes, bei dem das Bauelement vor dem Brennen bzw. Erhärten an mindestens einem Ende mittels eines zwischen Drahtklemmen gespannten Schneiddrahtes beschnitten wird, dadurch gelöst, daß der Schneiddraht an mindestens einer zwischen seinen Drahtklemmen angeordneten Drahtstütze abgestützt wird und die Drahtstütze in Abhängigkeit des Schneidvorganges während des Schneidens unter Biegung des Schneiddrahtes an der Drahtstütze quer zur Schneidbewegung des Schneiddrahtes verstellt wird.This object is achieved in a method for producing a ceramic component, in which the component is trimmed at least at one end by means of a cutting wire stretched between wire clamps before firing or hardening, in that the cutting wire is supported on at least one wire support arranged between its wire clamps is and the wire support is adjusted transversely to the cutting movement of the cutting wire depending on the cutting process during cutting by bending the cutting wire on the wire support.

Zweckmäßig wird das Verstellen der Drahtstütze mittels einer Schablonensteuerung durchgeführt.The adjustment of the wire support is expediently carried out by means of a template control.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Drahtklemmen in Abhängigkeit des Schneidvorganges während des Schneidens verstellt, u.zw. in Gegenrichtung zur Verstellung der Drahtstütze, vorzugsweise mittels einer Schablonensteuerung, wodurch ein geradlinig verlaufender Rand an allen Seitenwänden des Bauelementes hergestellt werden kann.According to a preferred embodiment, the wire clamps are adjusted as a function of the cutting process during the cutting, etc. in the opposite direction to the adjustment of the wire support, preferably by means of a template control, as a result of which a straight edge can be produced on all side walls of the component.

Ein bevorzugtes Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Bauelemente unter Bildung eines gemeinsamen Hohlraumes zueinander spiegelbildlich übereinanderliegend hergestellt werden und die Bauelemente an einem Ende gemeinsam beschnitten werden, wobei der Schneiddraht bei Schneidbeginn im geradlinigen Zustand in das obere Bauelement eintritt, sodann durch Verstellen der Drahtstütze und gegebenenfalls der Drahtklemmen gebogen sowie zuletzt bei Beendigung des Schneidvorganges durch Zurückverstellen der Drahtstütze bzw. der Drahtklemmen wiederum geradlinig gespannt wird.A preferred method is characterized in that two components are produced one above the other in a mirror-image manner to form a common cavity and the components at one end be trimmed together, the cutting wire entering the upper component in the straight state at the beginning of the cutting, then bent by adjusting the wire support and, if necessary, the wire clamps, and finally stretched again in a straight line at the end of the cutting process by adjusting the wire support or the wire clamps.

Um den Rand mit einer Dichtfläche zu versehen, wird zweckmäßig nach Durchführung des Schnittes mit gebogenem Schneiddraht ein Nachschnitt mit geradlinig gespanntem Schneiddraht durchgeführt.In order to provide the edge with a sealing surface, it is advisable to carry out a re-cut with the cutting wire stretched in a straight line after performing the cut with a curved cutting wire.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einem zwischen Drahtklemmen, die entlang von Führungen bewegbar sind, gespannten Schneiddraht, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Drahtklemmen mindestens eine den Schneiddraht abstützende Drahtstütze vorgesehen ist, die gegen den Schneiddraht unter Biegung desselben und retour bewegbar ist.A device for carrying out the method with a cutting wire stretched between wire clamps which can be moved along guides is characterized in that at least one wire support supporting the cutting wire is provided between the wire clamps and can be moved back and forth against the cutting wire by bending it.

Vorteilhaft ist die Drahtstütze an einer parallel zur Führung der Drahtklemmen angeordneten Schablone--geführt, wobei zur Erzielung eines geradlinigen Randes zweckmäßig die Führungen der Drahtklemmen als den Schneiddraht entgegengesetzt zu der die Drahtstütze bewegenden Schablone ausgebildet sind.The wire support is advantageously guided on a template arranged parallel to the guide of the wire clamps, wherein the guides of the wire clamps are expediently designed as the cutting wire opposite to the template moving the wire support in order to achieve a straight edge.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung an mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, wobei Fig. 1 ein Bauelement im Schrägriß und die Fig. 2 und 3 ein aus mehreren Bauelementen der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Art zusammengesetztes Tragelement im Grund- und Aufriß zeigen. Fig. 4 zeigt mehrere auf einem Spanntisch nebeneinander angeordnete Bauelemente vor dem Vergießen mit Beton. In den Fig. 5 und 6 ist eine Einrichtung zur Herstellung eines Bauelementes der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Art in schematischer Darstellung im Aufriß sowie im Schnitt gemäß der Linie VI-VI der Fig. 5 veranschaulicht. Fig. 7 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform eines Bauelementes im Schrägriß, die Fig. 8 und 9 stellen einen Grundriß hierzu sowie einen gemäß der Linie IX-IX der Fig. 8 geführten Schnitt dar. In den Fig. 10 und 11 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Bauelementes in Grund- und Kreuzriß veranschaulicht.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing using a number of exemplary embodiments, with FIG. 1 showing a component in an oblique view and FIGS. 2 and 3 showing a support element composed of several components of the type shown in FIG. 1 in plan and elevation. Fig. 4 shows several components arranged side by side on a clamping table before being poured with concrete. 5 and 6 is a device for producing a component of the type shown in Fig. 1 in schematic representation in elevation and in section along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5 illustrated. Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of a component in an oblique view, Figs. 8 and 9 represent a floor plan for this and a section taken along the line IX-IX of Fig. 8. In Figs. 10 and 11 is another embodiment of a Component illustrated in outline and cross-section.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte keramische Bauelement 1 ist eine Rillen-Ziegelschale mit einem Schalenkörper 2, der einen Boden 3 und beidseitig des Bodens aufragende Seitenwände 4, 5 aufweist. Innerhalb des von dem Schalenkörper 2 umschlossenen Hohlraumes 6 ist zwischen den Seitenwänden zur Bildung zweier Rillen 7, 8 ein Steg 9 vorgesehen. Die Enden des Schalenkörpers münden in Stirnflächen 10, die erfindungsgemäß eine besondere Ausbildung aufweisen.The ceramic component 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a grooved brick shell with a shell body 2 which has a base 3 and side walls 4, 5 projecting on both sides of the base. Within the cavity 6 enclosed by the shell body 2, a web 9 is provided between the side walls to form two grooves 7, 8. The ends of the shell body open into end faces 10, which according to the invention have a special design.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, setzt sich die Stirnfläche 10 aus gegen die Längsrichtung 11 des Bauelementes 1 geneigt angeordneten Teilflächen 12, 13, 14 zusammen, wobei jede Teilfläche 12, 13, 14 mit je einer der Außenflächen 15, 16, 17 des Schalenkörpers 2 eine Schnittlinie 18, 19, 20 bildet, die einen in Längsrichtung 11 des Bauelementes 1 vorragenden Rand darstellt. Die Teilflächen 12, 13, 14 erstrecken sich ausgehend von diesem Rand 18, 19, 20 in Richtung zum Zentrum des Schalenkörpers, sind also gegenüber dem Rand 18, 19, 20 in Längsrichtung 11 bis zur Einmündung in den Hohlraum 6 rückversetzt, so daß die Stirnfläche eine konkave Form aufweist. Der Rand 18, 19, 20 des Schalenkörpers 2 erstreckt sich hierbei in einer im rechten Winkel zur Längsrichtung 11 des Bauelementes 1 ausgerichteten Ebene.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the end face 10 is composed of partial surfaces 12, 13, 14 arranged inclined against the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1, each partial surface 12, 13, 14 each having one of the outer surfaces 15, 16, 17 of the Shell body 2 forms a section line 18, 19, 20, which represents an edge projecting in the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1. The partial surfaces 12, 13, 14 extend from this edge 18, 19, 20 towards the center of the shell body, so they are set back relative to the edge 18, 19, 20 in the longitudinal direction 11 to the junction in the cavity 6, so that the End face has a concave shape. The edge 18, 19, 20 of the shell body 2 extends in a plane oriented at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1.

Die Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen einen Teil eines Tragelementes 21, wie eines Sturzes oder eines Deckenträgers, bei dem zur Übersichtlichkeit zum Teil der Beton bzw. Mörtel weggelassen wurde, das aus in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Bauelementen 1, die an beiden Enden gleich ausgebildet sind, zusammengesetzt ist. Die Bauelemente 1 sind unter Kontaktnahme der beiden Ränder 18, 19, 20 der jeweils einander gegenüberliegenden Stirnflächen 10 ausgerichtet. Zwischen den Stirnflächen 10 ist hierbei ein freier Raum 22, dessen maximal Breite vorzugsweise etwa 3 mm beträgt, vorhanden, der sich beim Vergießen des Hohlraumes 6 mit Beton 23 oder Mörtel ebenfalls füllt und so eine gute Verbindung im Fugenbereich zwischen den einzelnen Bauelementen 1 herstellt.2 and 3 show part of a support element 21, such as a lintel or a ceiling girder, in which Clarity was partly omitted the concrete or mortar, which is composed of components 1 shown in FIG. 1, which are identical at both ends. The components 1 are aligned by contacting the two edges 18, 19, 20 of the mutually opposite end faces 10. Between the end faces 10 there is a free space 22, the maximum width of which is preferably about 3 mm, which also fills when the cavity 6 is poured with concrete 23 or mortar and thus creates a good connection in the joint area between the individual components 1.

Die Fig. 2 und 3 lassen erkennen, daß der Rand 18, 19, 20 den Hohlraum 6 soweit dichtet, daß beim Vergießen mit Beton 23 oder Mörtel keine Abschalung erforderlich ist, so daß die Bauelemente 1 mehrerer an einem Spanntisch 24 vergossener Tragkörper 21 in direktem Kontakt nebeneinander angeordnet werden können (vgl. Fig. 4).2 and 3 show that the edge 18, 19, 20 seals the cavity 6 to such an extent that no shuttering is required when pouring with concrete 23 or mortar, so that the components 1 of a plurality of support bodies 21 cast on a clamping table 24 in direct contact can be arranged side by side (see. Fig. 4).

Die Herstellung eines Bauelementes 1 erfolgt vorzugsweise wie nachfolgend beschrieben:A component 1 is preferably produced as described below:

Zunächst wird aus einer keramischen Masse ein Strang gepreßt, dessen Querschnitt dem gewünschten Querschnitt eines Bauelementes 1 entspricht. Dabei liegen zwei dieser Teile 25 spiegelbildlich übereinander, so daß sie einen gemeinsamen Hohlraum bilden. Sodann werden von dem Strang Teile 25 abgetrennt, deren Länge etwas größer ist als die Länge des fertigen Bauelementes. Das Beschneiden der Enden 26 der Teile 25 erfolgt gemeinsam mit einer Drahtschneideeinrichtung 27.First, a strand is pressed from a ceramic mass, the cross section of which corresponds to the desired cross section of a component 1. Two of these parts 25 are mirror images one above the other so that they form a common cavity. Then parts 25 are separated from the strand, the length of which is somewhat greater than the length of the finished component. The ends 26 of the parts 25 are cut together with a wire cutting device 27.

Diese Drahtschneideeinrichtung 27 weist einen zwischen Drahtklemmen 28 gespannten Schneiddraht 29 auf, wobei die Drahtklemmen 28 in Schneidrichtung 30 entlang von schematisch dargestellten Führungen 31 geführt sind.This wire cutting device 27 has a cutting wire 29 stretched between wire clips 28, the wire clips 28 being guided in the cutting direction 30 along schematically illustrated guides 31.

Zwischen den Drahtklemmen 28 sind zwei den Schneiddraht 29 stützende Drahtstützen 32 vorgesehen, die während des Schneidvorganges quer zur Schneidrichtung 30 gegen den Schneiddraht 29 unter Biegung desselben an den Drahtstützen 32 sowie retour bewegbar sind. Die Drahtstützen 32 sind zu diesem Zweck mittels Rollen 33 an ortsfesten Schablonen 34 geführt.Provided between the wire clamps 28 are two wire supports 32 which support the cutting wire 29 and which can be moved transversely to the cutting direction 30 against the cutting wire 29 by bending the same on the wire supports 32 and back during the cutting process. For this purpose, the wire supports 32 are guided on fixed templates 34 by means of rollers 33.

Um beim Schnitt auch bei Bewegen der Drahtstützen 32 gegen den Schneiddraht 29 einen geradlinigen Rand 19, 20 an den Seitenwänden 4 und 5 des Bauelementes 1 zu erzielen, sind die Drahtklemmen 28 ebenfalls quer zur Schneidrichtung 30 bewegbar, und zwar derart, daß jeweils die Stelle des Schneiddrahtes 29, die sich entlang einer Außenfläche 16, 17 der Seitenwände 4, 5 bewegt, in einer rechtwinkelig zur Längsrichtung 11 des Bauelementes 1 gerichteten Ebene 35 geführt ist. Die Querbewegung der Drahtklemmen 28 läßt somit den sich durch die Querbewegung der Drahtstützen 32 bei Biegen des Schneiddrahtes 29 ergebenden Versatzdessen Größe vom Abstand 36 der Drahtklemmen 28 sowie vom Abstand 37 der Drahtstützen 32 von den Außenflächen 16, 17 der Seitenwände 4, 5 und auch der Tiefe 38 der Querbewegung des Schneiddrahtes 29 abhängt - kompensieren.In order to achieve a straight edge 19, 20 on the side walls 4 and 5 of the component 1 when cutting the wire supports 32 against the cutting wire 29, the wire clamps 28 can also be moved transversely to the cutting direction 30, in such a way that in each case the location of the cutting wire 29, which moves along an outer surface 16, 17 of the side walls 4, 5, is guided in a plane 35 directed at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1. The transverse movement of the wire clamps 28 thus allows the offset resulting from the transverse movement of the wire supports 32 when the cutting wire 29 is bent, the size of the distance 36 of the wire clamps 28 and of the distance 37 of the wire supports 32 from the outer surfaces 16, 17 of the side walls 4, 5 and also Depth 38 of the transverse movement of the cutting wire 29 depends - compensate.

Zu Beginn des Schnittes, also bei Eintritt des Schneiddrahtes 29 in den oberen Teil 25 ist der Schneiddraht 29 geradlinig gespannt. Sodann wird er entsprechend den Profilen der Schablonen 34 und 31 - die entsprechend der Form der gewünschten Stirnflächen 10 ausgebildet sind - gebogen, wie dies in Fig. 6 dargestellt ist. Beim Austritt aus dem unteren Teil 25 ist der Schneiddraht 29 wiederum geradlinig gespannt, wodurch die Außenfläche 15 des Bodens 3 des Bauelementes 1 einen geraden Rand 18 erhält.At the beginning of the cut, that is to say when the cutting wire 29 enters the upper part 25, the cutting wire 29 is stretched in a straight line. Then it is bent according to the profiles of the templates 34 and 31 - which are designed according to the shape of the desired end faces 10 - as shown in FIG. 6. When emerging from the lower part 25, the cutting wire 29 is in turn stretched in a straight line, as a result of which the outer surface 15 of the base 3 of the component 1 is given a straight edge 18.

Nach dem Schneidvorgang, der an beiden Enden oder auch nur an einem Ende des Bauelementes 1 durchgeführt werden kann, erfolgt das Härten des Bauelementes 1 in üblicher Weise, wie z. B. durch Brennen.After the cutting process, which can be carried out at both ends or only at one end of the component 1, the component 1 is hardened in a conventional manner, such as, for. B. by burning.

Gemäß der in den Fig. 7 bis 9 dargestellten Ausführungsform eines Bauelementes 1′ ist der vorragende Rand 18, 19, 20 von einer ebenen und im rechten Winkel zur Längsrichtung 11 des Bauelementes gerichteten Dichtfläche 39 gebildet, die z. B. durch einen auf den vorhin beschriebenen Schnitt nachfolgenden Schnitt mit geradlinig gespanntem Schneiddraht 29 geformt sein kann. Die Breite 40 der Dichtfläche 39 liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 4 mm.According to the embodiment of a component 1 'shown in Figs. 7 to 9', the projecting edge 18, 19, 20 is formed by a flat and at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component sealing surface 39, the z. B. can be formed by a cut following the cut described above with a straight-line cutting wire 29. The width 40 of the sealing surface 39 is preferably between 2 and 4 mm.

In den Fig. 10 und 11 ist eine Ausführungsform eines Bauelementes 1˝ dargestellt, bei der der vorragende Rand 18, 19, 20 von einer Leiste 41 mit etwa quadratischem Querschnitt gebildet ist. Diese Leiste 41 könnte auch einen beliebig anders ausgebildeten Querschnitt aufweisen. Die Herstellung kann durch einen Schneidvorgang mit Hilfe von Messern erfolgen. Die Stirnfläche 10′ ist in diesem Fall eben und erstreckt sich rechtwinkelig zur Längsrichtung 11 des Bauelementes 1˝.10 and 11, an embodiment of a component 1˝ is shown, in which the projecting edge 18, 19, 20 is formed by a bar 41 with an approximately square cross section. This bar 41 could also have a cross section of any other design. The production can be done by a cutting process with the help of knives. The end face 10 'is flat in this case and extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction 11 of the component 1˝.

Claims (20)

Keramisches Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝), insbesondere Ziegelschale, mit einem einen Hohlraum (6) begrenzenden Schalenkörper (2), dessen Enden in Stirnflächen (10, 10′) münden, zur Herstellung eines aus zwei oder mehreren in Längsrichtung (11) hintereinander und mit ihren Hohlräumen (6) fluchtend angeordneten Bauelementen (1, 1′, 1˝) und durch Einbringen von Beton (23) oder Mörtel in die Hohlräume (6) gebildeten Tragelementes (21), wie eines Sturzes, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝) an mindestens einem Ende einen in Längsrichtung (11) des Bauelementes vorragenden Rand (18, 19, 20) aufweist, der sich um die Stirnfläche (10, 10′) außenseitig erstreckt, und daß sich die Stirnfläche (10, 10′) ausgehend vom Rand (18, 19, 20) in Längsrichtung (11) des Bauelementes (1, 1′, 1˝) rückversetzt bis zur den Hohlraum (6) begrenzenden Innenseite des Schalenkörpers (2) erstreckt.Ceramic component (1, 1 ', 1˝), in particular brick shell, with a shell body (2) delimiting a cavity (6), the ends of which end in end faces (10, 10'), for producing one from two or more in the longitudinal direction ( 11) one behind the other and with their cavities (6) aligned components (1, 1 ', 1˝) and by introducing concrete (23) or mortar into the cavities (6) formed support element (21), such as a fall, characterized that the component (1, 1 ', 1˝) has at least one end an edge (18, 19, 20) projecting in the longitudinal direction (11) of the component, which extends around the end face (10, 10') on the outside, and that the end face (10, 10 ') starting from the edge (18, 19, 20) in the longitudinal direction (11) of the component (1, 1', 1˝) is set back to the cavity (6) delimiting the inside of the shell body ( 2) extends. Keramisches Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorragende Rand (18, 19, 20) in einer Ebene liegt.Ceramic component (1, 1 ′, 1˝) according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting edge (18, 19, 20) lies in one plane. Keramisches Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ebene des Randes (18, 19, 20) im rechten Winkel zur Längsrichtung (11) des Bauelementes (1, 1′, 1˝) ausgerichtet ist.Ceramic component (1, 1 ′, 1˝) according to claim 2, characterized in that the plane of the edge (18, 19, 20) is oriented at right angles to the longitudinal direction (11) of the component (1, 1 ′, 1˝) is. Keramisches Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rand (18, 19, 20) von der Schnittlinie der Stirnfläche (10) mit der Außenfläche (15, 16, 17) des Schalenkörpers (2) gebildet ist.Ceramic component (1, 1 ′, 1˝) according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the edge (18, 19, 20) from the line of intersection of the end face (10) with the outer surface (15, 16, 17) of the shell body (2) is formed. Keramisches Bauelement (1′) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rand (18, 19, 20) eine Dichtfläche (39) aufweist, die sich vorzugsweise rechtwinkelig zur Längsrichtung (11) des Bauelementes (1′) erstreckt (Fig. 7 bis 9).Ceramic component (1 ′) according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the edge (18, 19, 20) has a sealing surface (39) which is preferably at right angles to the longitudinal direction (11) of the component (1 ′ ) extends (Fig. 7 to 9). Keramisches Bauelement (1′) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtfläche (39) eine Breite (40) von 2 bis 4 mm aufweist.Ceramic component (1 ′) according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing surface (39) has a width (40) of 2 to 4 mm. Keramisches Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stirnfläche (10) aus im wesentlichen ebenen Teilflächen (12, 13, 14) gebildet ist.Ceramic component (1, 1 ′, 1˝) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the end face (10) is formed from essentially flat partial surfaces (12, 13, 14). Keramisches Bauelement (1, 1′) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stirnfläche (10) zumindest über einen Teil von einer gegenüber der Längsrichtung (11) des Bauelementes (1, 1′) geneigten Fläche gebildet ist.Ceramic component (1, 1 ′) according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the end face (10) is formed at least over part of a surface which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction (11) of the component (1, 1 ′) is. Keramisches Bauelement (1˝) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorragende Rand von einer Leiste (41) gebildet ist (Fig. ).Ceramic component (1˝) according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the projecting edge is formed by a strip (41) (Fig.). Keramisches Bauelement (1˝) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leiste (41) einen dreieckigen, rechteckigen, quadratischen oder trapezförmigen Querschnitt aufweist.Ceramic component (1˝) according to claim 9, characterized in that the strip (41) has a triangular, rectangular, square or trapezoidal cross-section. Tragelement (21), gebildet aus keramischen Bauelementen (1, 1′, 1˝) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei zwei oder mehrere Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝), die jeweils von einem einen Hohlraum (6) bildenden Schalenkörper (2) gebildet sind, in Längsrichtung (11) fluchtend hintereinander angeordnet sind und der Hohlraum (6) sowie ein zwischen den Stirnflächen (10, 10′) benachbarter Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝) vorhandener Zwischenraum (22) mit Beton (23) oder Mörtel gefüllt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalenkörper (2) benachbarter Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝) dicht aneinander anliegen, wobei ein in Längsrichtung (11) der Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝) vorragender und sich um die Stirnfläche (10, 10′) außenseitig erstreckender Rand (18, 19, 20) entweder die Stirnfläche (10, 10′) oder einen vorragenden Rand (18, 19, 20) des benachbarten Bauelementes (1, 1′, 1˝) kontaktiert, und daß in dem so zwischen den Stirnflächen (10, 10′) benachbarter Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝) gebildeten Spalt (22) Beton (23) oder Mörtel eingebracht ist.Supporting element (21), formed from ceramic components (1, 1 ′, 1˝) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein two or more components (1, 1 ′, 1 jeweils), each of one Cavity (6) forming shell body (2) are formed, aligned in the longitudinal direction (11) one behind the other and the cavity (6) and one between the end faces (10, 10 ') adjacent components (1, 1', 1˝) available The intermediate space (22) is filled with concrete (23) or mortar, characterized in that the shell bodies (2) of adjacent components (1, 1 ′, 1˝) lie close together, one in the longitudinal direction (11) of the components (1, 1 ', 1˝) projecting and extending around the end face (10, 10') on the outside edge (18, 19, 20) either the end face (10, 10 ') or a projecting edge (18, 19, 20) of the adjacent one Component (1, 1 ', 1˝) contacted, and that in the so between the end faces (10, 10') adjacent components (1, 1 ', 1˝) formed gap (22) concrete (23) or mortar is introduced . Tragelement (21) nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zwischen den Stirnflächen (10) benachbarter Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝) gebildete und mit Beton (23) oder Mörtel gefüllte Spalt eine Breite von mindestens 3 mm aufweist.Support element (21) according to claim 11, characterized in that the gap formed between the end faces (10) of adjacent components (1, 1 ′, 1˝) and filled with concrete (23) or mortar has a width of at least 3 mm. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen Bauelementes (1, 1′, 1˝) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei das Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝) vor dem Brennen bzw. Erhärten an mindestens einem Ende mittels eines zwischen Drahtklemmen (28) gespannten Schneiddrahtes (29) beschnitten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schneiddraht (29) an mindestens einer zwischen seinen Drahtklemmen (28) angeordneten Drahtstütze (32) abgestützt wird und die Drahtstütze (32) in Abhängigkeit des Schneidvorganges während des Schneidens unter Biegung des Schneiddrahtes (29) an der Drahtstütze (32) quer zur Schneidbewegung (30) des Schneiddrahtes (29) verstellt wird.A method for producing a ceramic component (1, 1 ', 1˝) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein the component (1, 1', 1˝) before firing or hardening at least one end by means of a between Wire clamps (28) of tensioned cutting wire (29) are trimmed, characterized in that the cutting wire (29) is supported on at least one wire support (32) arranged between its wire clamps (28) and the wire support (32) depending on the cutting process during the cutting by bending the cutting wire (29) on the wire support (32) transversely to Cutting movement (30) of the cutting wire (29) is adjusted. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verstellen der Drahtstütze (32) mittels einer Schablonensteuerung (33, 34) durchgeführt wird.A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the adjustment of the wire support (32) is carried out by means of a template control (33, 34). Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drahtklemmen (28) in Abhängigkeit des Schneidvorganges während des Schneidens verstellt werden, uzw. in Gegenrichtung zur Verstellung der Drahtstütze (32), vorzugsweise mittels einer Schablonensteuerung (31).Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the wire clamps (28) are adjusted as a function of the cutting process during the cutting, etc. in the opposite direction to the adjustment of the wire support (32), preferably by means of a template control (31). Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝) unter Bildung eines gemeinsamen Hohlraumes (6) zueinander spiegelbildlich übereinanderliegend hergestellt werden und die Bauelemente (1, 1′, 1˝) an einem Ende gemeinsam beschnitten werden, wobei der Schneiddraht (29) bei Schneidbeginn im geradlinigen Zustand in das obere Bauelement (1, 1′, 1˝) eintritt, sodann durch Verstellen der Drahtstütze (32) und gegebenenfalls der Drahtklemmen (28) gebogen sowie zuletzt bei Beendigung des Schneidvorganges durch Zurückverstellen der Drahtstütze (32) bzw. der Drahtklemmen (28) wiederum geradlinig gespannt wird.Method according to one or more of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that two components (1, 1 ′, 1˝) are produced in a mirror-image manner one above the other, forming a common cavity (6), and the components (1, 1 ′, 1˝ ) are trimmed together at one end, the cutting wire (29) entering the upper component (1, 1 ', 1˝) at the start of cutting in the straight state, then bent by adjusting the wire support (32) and optionally the wire clamps (28) and, finally, when the cutting process is ended, the wire support (32) or the wire clamps (28) is again stretched in a straight line. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach Durchführung des Schnittes mit gebogenem Schneiddraht (29) ein Nachschnitt mit geradlinig gespanntem Schneiddraht (29) durchgeführt wird.Method according to one or more of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that after performing the cut with a curved cutting wire (29), a post-cut is carried out with a straight-edged cutting wire (29). Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, mit einem zwischen Drahtklemmen (28), die entlang von Führungen (41) bewegbar sind, gespannten Schneiddraht (29), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Drahtklemmen (28) mindestens eine den Schneiddraht (29) abstützende Drahtstütze (32) vorgesehen ist, die gegen den Schneiddraht (29) unter Biegung desselben und retour bewegbar ist.Apparatus for performing the method according to one or more of claims 13 to 17, having a between wire clamps (28) running along guides (41) are movable, tensioned cutting wire (29), characterized in that between the wire clamps (28) at least one wire support (32) supporting the cutting wire (29) is provided, which can be moved back and forth against the cutting wire (29) by bending it is. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drahtstütze (32) an einer parallel zur Führung (31) der Drahtklemmen (28) angeordneten Schablone (34) geführt ist.Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the wire support (32) is guided on a template (34) arranged parallel to the guide (31) of the wire clamps (28). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungen (31) der Drahtklemmen (28) als den Schneiddraht (29) entgegengesetzt zu der die Drahtstütze (32) bewegenden Schablone (31) ausgebildet sind.Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the guides (31) of the wire clamps (28) are designed as the cutting wire (29) opposite the template (31) moving the wire support (32).
EP92890107A 1991-05-14 1992-05-11 Ceramic structural element, process and apparatus for making it Expired - Lifetime EP0514366B1 (en)

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AT0098991A AT400602B (en) 1991-05-14 1991-05-14 CERAMIC COMPONENT
AT989/91 1991-05-14

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EP0514366B1 EP0514366B1 (en) 1995-03-29

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AT (2) AT400602B (en)
CZ (1) CZ281076B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59201754D1 (en)
HR (1) HRP920116B1 (en)
HU (1) HU218244B (en)
SI (1) SI9200063A (en)
SK (1) SK279537B6 (en)

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WO1997045238A1 (en) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-04 Teja 2, S.L. Selective volumetric cutting system for extruded clay parts
EP3109020A1 (en) * 2015-06-22 2016-12-28 Wienerberger NV Cutting device for cutting unfired bricks and method for manufacturing hand-moulded fired bricks, such as stone strips

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19613775C2 (en) * 1996-04-04 2001-05-17 Ziegelei Gersthofen Az Baukera Lintel for the creation of the upper boundaries of openings, window and / or door openings or the like
DE10358753A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-07-14 Xella Kalksandsteinwerke Nordhessen Gmbh & Co.Kg Lintel consists of lintel blocks which incorporate a groove and have specified standard lengths

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CH159887A (en) * 1932-01-06 1933-02-15 Oesterreichisch Ungarische Bau Beams made up of strung together shaped stones and reinforced concrete inlays connecting them.
FR747856A (en) * 1932-04-22 1933-06-24 Improvements to jointing and ribbing construction elements
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DE1145338B (en) * 1957-01-07 1963-03-14 Ernst Braunbock Shaped stone for the production of beams formed by stringing together such stones and beams consisting of such shaped stones
FR1432439A (en) * 1965-05-07 1966-03-18 Tuileries De Saint Marcel Sa multipurpose ceramic element
DE2918664A1 (en) * 1978-05-30 1979-12-06 Ytong Ag PROFILING DEVICE

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DE526450C (en) * 1928-06-27 1931-06-06 Alb Hansen Eisenbau Device for cutting support noses for iron inlays on hollow ceiling stones
CH159887A (en) * 1932-01-06 1933-02-15 Oesterreichisch Ungarische Bau Beams made up of strung together shaped stones and reinforced concrete inlays connecting them.
FR747856A (en) * 1932-04-22 1933-06-24 Improvements to jointing and ribbing construction elements
GB419404A (en) * 1933-10-07 1934-11-12 Robert Wood Mclaren Improvements in pre-cast building and constructional blocks, slabs and the like
DE639024C (en) * 1935-03-07 1936-11-27 Martini Jun Fa H Cutting device for hollow blocks
DE801654C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-01-18 Josef Seibert Process for the production of steel stone ceilings and hollow stone for the production of the same
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FR1432439A (en) * 1965-05-07 1966-03-18 Tuileries De Saint Marcel Sa multipurpose ceramic element
DE2918664A1 (en) * 1978-05-30 1979-12-06 Ytong Ag PROFILING DEVICE

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WO1997045238A1 (en) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-04 Teja 2, S.L. Selective volumetric cutting system for extruded clay parts
ES2133057A1 (en) * 1996-05-27 1999-08-16 Teja 2 S L Selective volumetric cutting system for extruded clay parts
EP3109020A1 (en) * 2015-06-22 2016-12-28 Wienerberger NV Cutting device for cutting unfired bricks and method for manufacturing hand-moulded fired bricks, such as stone strips

Also Published As

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HU218244B (en) 2000-06-28
SK145492A3 (en) 1994-04-06
ATE120511T1 (en) 1995-04-15
HRP920116A2 (en) 1994-04-30
HRP920116B1 (en) 1999-04-30
CZ281076B6 (en) 1996-06-12
DE59201754D1 (en) 1995-05-04
HU9201602D0 (en) 1992-09-28
HUT62954A (en) 1993-06-28
EP0514366B1 (en) 1995-03-29
CZ145492A3 (en) 1993-08-11
SI9200063A (en) 1992-11-27
SK279537B6 (en) 1998-12-02
AT400602B (en) 1996-02-26
ATA98991A (en) 1995-06-15

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