SI21104A - Power plant, dam or similar water management facility flow area with enhanced dissipation effect - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the presented invention is to provide an effective dissipation or neutralisation of excessive kinetic energy in any hydropower plant flow area or other water management facility even with relatively small level differences and relatively large flows, meaning extremely low values of the so-called Froude number and under negligible reduction of the visible transverse cross section of any flow area, be it during design of new water management facilities or even just based on an economically viable reconstruction of any existing facility. This way the riverbed and banks of any stream under the transverse area can be protected against enormous erosion. The flow area of the hydropower plant, dam or similar water management facility consists of a fortified cascade base (2), which is - seen from the flow direction - located directly under/after the overflow (1) and if necessary terminated by a terminal threshold (3), while at the sides it is limited by at least vertical or slant lateral walls (4', 4''). If necessary, such an area can be equipped with a suitable gate (6) or similar locking device. The cascade base with overflow (1) and a terminal threshold (3) along with the specified lateral walls (4', 4'') feature a uniform compact construction for managing hydraulic pressure and phenomena between the dammed area of any stream, which is located above or before the specified flow area and between the river bed with corresponding banks after or under the throughput are. According to the invention there is in the area of at least one lateral wall (4', 4'') of each flow area at least one dissipation beam (5', 5'') anticipated, which is looking in the flow direction and reaching sidewise to the cross section of the flow area.

Description

Flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect

The invention generally falls within the field of construction, namely, the regulation of watercourses, and in particular the field of preparation for dissipation or water. annihilation of excess kinetic energy.

The invention is based on the problem of how in each flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or other water management facility, even at relatively small height differences and relatively large flows, ie at extremely low values of the so-called Froude number, and with a negligible decrease in the bright cross-section of each flow fields, either when designing new water management facilities or even solely on the basis of economically acceptable rehabilitation of each existing facility to achieve efficient dissipation or the elimination of excess kinetic energy, thus protecting the riverbeds and banks of each watercourse under a flowing field pfed enormous erosion.

Water management structures, namely hydroelectric power plants, dams and the like, usually consist of a number of so-called flow fields, each flow field located between vertically or obliquely positioned sidewalls, with which it is restricted in the transverse direction with respect to the flow direction. In the longitudinal direction, the flow field extends all the way from the upper water surface, i.e. areas above the dam or. above the dam, all the way to the lower water level, i.e. areas below the termination of the so-called sub-basin. Due to the always available height difference between the upper and lower levels, during the flow of water through the flow field, part of the potential energy of the flowing water is converted into kinetic energy, which has an extremely strong influence on the flow conditions, type or type. the shape of the stream and especially the erosion. Therefore, there is always a need for the elimination of excess kinetic energy, ie dissipation, for water management facilities, since excess energy would cause enormous erosion effects in the river bed and on the banks, not only in the area directly behind / under the flow field, but also at a considerable distance from it. Release of excess kinetic energy, i.e. dissipation, as a rule, occurs in a water jump in a hardened, erosion-resistant zone, namely in the sub-basin.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the proper design of a longitudinal cross-section of the flow field allows the establishment of hydraulic conditions that prevent or at least minimize the generation of adverse effects of erosion due to kinetic energy in the envisaged frames of height differences and flows. Thus, e.g. a very important design of a flow threshold, such as a. described in EP 0 477 745. The design of the so-called sub-basement, i.e. we accept edited, processed or. concreted recesses between the area directly below the dam, ie beyond the said threshold, and above the river bed available for / under the dam, hydroelectric power plant or similar water management facility. However, it should be borne in mind that the longitudinal profile of the flow field is nevertheless always calculated and constructed for certain operating conditions, which in practice can be highly variable. Problems occur with enormous increases in flow rates, because under such changed conditions (increased flow rate of water and, moreover, with an increased difference between the lower and upper levels), the proportion of non-depleted kinetic energy also significantly increases and threatens the river bed below the water management facility.

To ensure the most efficient dissipation, ie the elimination of the excess or of the unwanted kinetic energy of the water course, a whole host of measures are known. Thus, it is known to the applicant that, in anticipation of increased dissipation effects, multi-ton concrete blocks were installed in the sub-basin area, which, in the case of increased flow volumes due to heavy rainfall, ejected the stream from the sub-basin area and carried it down the river basin below the water management facility.

Furthermore, e.g. from US 09 / 072,836 (WO 99/57377) it is known that a flow field may be directly above said recess, i.e. I can equip stunts. Such a measure can be effective to a certain extent only with a sufficiently large height difference between the upper and lower water levels, or. at relatively high depth sub-bases. For larger altitude differences, there are other solutions available that improve dissipation. annihilation of excess kinetic energy. It is known e.g. to install so-called breakers in the sub-basement area, namely, some cantilever vertical or oblique columns or. teeth that protrude and the bottom sub-bases, or the grilles or so-called combs through which the current or it must pave the way. The latter is described, inter alia, in US 5,032,038. Flowing water through such devices, which in general can be retrofitted to existing water management facilities and thus remediated to some extent, can actually cause some dissipation, but only if there is sufficient flow at a sufficient height difference, so in the area still a high enough Froude number. Both theoretical calculations and practical results show that with smaller height differences or. below the Froude number limit, such measures lose all effect and purpose. This kind of problem is also described in the scientific literature and in some publications of scientific articles, e.g.

1. Peter A..J. - Spillway tests confirm model-prototype conformance (Engineering MonographNo. 16, Denver, Colorado, 1954);

2. Schroder W., Euler G., Knauf D. - Grundlagen des Wasserbaus (Wasserbau, Wemer Verlag, 1994);

3. Novak P., Moffat A.I.B., Nalluri C., Narayanan R. - Hydraulic structures (Chapman & Hall, Hampshire, England)

4. Aisenbrey A.J., Hayes R.B., Warren H.J., Winsett D.L., Young R.B.

Design of small channel structures (United States Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado, 1978);

5. Design of Gravity Dams (United States Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado, 1976);

6. Design of small dams (United States Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado, Third Edition, 1987).

For waters with relatively high flow and low drop (small height difference), characterized by low Froude numbers, the necessary dissipation by the above measures cannot be guaranteed. The only way that could at least theoretically be achieved would be to artificially magnify the fall by deepening the sub-basin. Such a measure can realistically be counted on when designing new water management facilities. The rehabilitation of existing structures in this way, because of the necessary breaking down of huge quantities of concrete in the sub-basement, deepening and re-concreting, cannot even be rational. However, it should be borne in mind that the design of a new facility with a sufficiently deep sub-basement also means an enormous increase in the investment value of the facility. Such a measure actually requires a foundation at a much greater depth than usual, but at the same time accepts a taller, firmer structure of the object.

The present invention is therefore addressed by the flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or similar water management facility, consisting of a fortified sub-basin, viewed in the direction of flow - arranged directly below / after the overflow and, if necessary, terminated by a closing threshold and bounded by at least substantially vertical sides but oblique side rocks. Where appropriate, a suitable barrier or similar closure device is provided in the area of such flow field. Said sub-basement with overflow and, if necessary, with a sill, together with the said sidewalls, forms a uniform, compact structure for handling hydraulic loads and phenomena between the impounded area of the respective watercourse above or above. in front of the said flowing field, and between the river bed and the associated banks for or. below the flow area. According to the invention, in the region of at least one of the side walls of the respective flow field, at least one substantially flowing dissipation beam extending in the direction of the flow field from the side is provided. Preferably, at least one is provided in the area of each side wall of each flow field, and in particular preferably one at a time, at least substantially in the direction of flow, and in the brightness of the flow field from the side, the dissipation shaft extends.

According to the invention, at least two rectilinear or - once or even repeatedly - fracturedly designed dissipation shafts extending from the overflow area either horizontally in the direction of flow or obliquely ascending or descending relative to the horizontal plane and extending to the end of the sub-basin or even the end, are reasonably provided. until the expiration of the closing threshold. These dissipation shafts are arranged at least substantially in the direction of the flow and either in parallel or in relation to each other obliquely, so that in the direction of the flow they approach each other or distance from each other.

The transverse profile of each beam can be either a square profile or at least a substantially correct circular profile, or an upright or flattened rectangular profile.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is undercut at least substantially rectangular or square, in which the lower and upper surfaces of the shaft are substantially hyperbolically hollowed, while the lateral surface of the shaft is flat and smooth and at least substantially vertical.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile in which the lower and upper surfaces of the shaft are flat and smooth and horizontal, while the lateral surface of the shaft is straight and smooth, but taken outwards and downwards .

Further, each dissipation beam can be designed with a transverse profile, in which the lower and upper surfaces of the shaft are at least substantially hyperbolically extended in the direction of the corresponding side wall, while the lateral surface of the shaft is flat and smooth and completely vertical.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile in which the lower and upper surfaces of the shaft are flat and smooth and horizontal, and the lateral surface of the shaft is flat and smooth but taken down and inwards.

In addition, each dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile having an upright profile, the upper and lower surfaces of which are flat and smooth and parallel, otherwise the flat and vertical side surfaces are provided with a rectangular, longitudinally extending groove.

Further, each dissipation beam can be designed with a transverse profile, which is a trapezoidal profile, the upper and lower surfaces of which are flat and smooth, but taken in such a way that they approach one another in the direction of the corresponding wall while being flat and smooth. lateral surface at least essentially vertical.

Further, each dissipation beam can be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least substantially rectangular or square in profile, with the lower and upper surfaces of the shaft at least substantially hyperbolically hollowed out and the lateral surface of the shaft at least similarly hollowed out.

Further, each dissipation beam can be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a T-profile, in which the lower and upper surfaces of the shaft are stepwise hollowed out in the areas immediately adjacent to the wall, while the lateral surface of the shaft is flat, smooth and vertical.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile in which the upper surface and the lateral surface of the shaft are straight and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the lower surface of the shaft is flat and smooth, but taken inwards towards the side wall and downwards.

Furthermore, each dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an upright rectangular profile, the upper and lower surfaces of which are straight and smooth and parallel, otherwise the flat and vertical lateral surfaces are provided with a centrally arranged rectangular, longitudinally a running groove in which a further centrally arranged rectangular and longitudinal groove is provided.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile in which the lower surface and lateral surface of the shaft are straight and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the upper surface of the shaft is flat and smooth but taken inwards and upwards.

Further, each dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a rhomboid profile, in which the upper surface and the lower surface are straight and smooth, but extend obliquely downward toward the corresponding wall while. lateral surface flat, smooth and vertical.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an E-profile, namely for an upright rectangular profile with straight, smooth and horizontal and therefore parallel surfaces as well as a vertical lateral surface, which is provided with two grooves running parallel to each other along at least substantially rectangular grooves.

Furthermore, each dissipation beam can be designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an H-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore substantially parallel surfaces, each provided with at least one substantially square profile groove, as well as with a flat and smooth vertical lateral surface.

In addition, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile having a modified H-profile, namely for an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and substantially parallel surfaces, the upper surface being stepped tapered towards the corresponding side wall, the lower one the surface is provided with a longitudinally extending rectangular groove, while the lateral surface is at least substantially flat, smooth and vertical.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile, in which the upper and lower surfaces are substantially parallel, while the lateral surface is stepped in a downward direction and against the corresponding side wall.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an L-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and thus substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces, the upper surface being stepped tapered in the direction toward belonging to the lateral wall, the lower surface is flat and smooth, as well as the flat, smooth and vertical lateral surface.

Furthermore, the respective dissipation beam may be formed by a transverse profile, which is a rotated U-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and thus substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces, with the upper surface being flat and the lower surface having longitudinally extending rectangular grooves, and at the same time the lateral surface is at least substantially flat, smooth and vertical.

Further, the respective dissipation beam may be designed with a transverse profile essentially representing the letter X, at least essentially a rectangular or square profile, with the upper surface stepped in a downward and inward direction toward the associated side wall, while the lateral surface and the lower surface of the shaft is recessed, so that each of them comprises a trapezoidal longitudinal groove.

-1010

In addition, it is contemplated by the invention that the flow field comprises at least one complex dissipation shaft consisting of beams arranged side by side, in particular from beams arranged side by side with a highly flattened rectangular profile.

It is further contemplated that the flow field comprises at least one dissipation shaft whose transverse profile is either fixed or variable along the length of the beam, preferably continuous, and generally variable.

The invention will now be concretized with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing.

FIG. 1 shows a flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, in longitudinal section in plane A - A according to FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 2 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section in plane A - A according to FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 3 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, a dam or a similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section in the plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 4 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydropower plant, a dam or a similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section in the plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 5 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydropower plant, a dam or a similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section in the plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12.

-1111

FIG. 6 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, a dam or a similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section in plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 7 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, a dam or a similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section in the plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 8 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, a dam or a similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section in the plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 9 shows a further example of a flow field of a water management facility without a barrier, again with improved dissipation effect and again shown in a longitudinal section in the plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12.

FIG. 10 shows a further example of a flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in the longitudinal section.

FIG. 11 shows a flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, in cross section in plane B - B according to FIG. 1 to 10.

FIG. 12 shows a further possible embodiment of the flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect, again in cross section in plane B - B according to FIG. 1 to 10.

FIG. 13 shows a transverse profile on the side wall of a dissipation beam installed.

FIG. 14 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 15 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 16 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 17 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 18 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 19 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall.

-1212

FIG. 20 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 21 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 22 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 23 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 24 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 25 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 26 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 27 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 28 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 29 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 30 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 31 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 32 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 33 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 34 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 35 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall. FIG. 36 shows a transverse profile of a further embodiment of the dissipation beam on the associated wall.

The flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect is shown in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section in plane A - A of FIG. 11 and / or 12, in FIG. 11 and 12 in cross-section in plane B B according to FIG. 1 oz. the remaining figures 2 to 10. The flow field - viewed in the direction of flow - consists essentially of overflow 1, sublayer 2 with or without sill 3, and is flanked by the side walls 4 ', 4 extending along the longitudinal direction of flow. If necessary, depending on the purpose of the flow field, a barrier 6 or similar closure device may be located in the area of the latter, which in FIG. 1 to 10 are shown in a schematic but clearly understood manner by a person skilled in the art. In carrying out the flow field shown in FIG. 12, the side walls are 4 ', 4 straight and

-1313 run vertically, while in the embodiment of FIG. 11, the side walls 4 ', 4 are also straight, but are oblique and approach each other in the direction towards the bottom 21 of the sub-floor 2. Thus, the flow field of FIG. 12 in a cross-section of a rectangular shape, the flow field of FIG. 11 is characterized by a trapezoidal cross-section. In general, all of the above elements, ie sub-bases 2 with overflow 1 and possibly with a sill 3 and both side walls 4 ', 4 are constructed as a single, compact and solid preferentially concrete structure capable of withstanding the predictable loads resulting from the hydraulic forces involved. conditions and, in particular, erosion in all its phenomena as a result of the kinetic energy of the water flow.

In order to ensure as much as possible the effective elimination of kinetic energy in the flow field, ie the already mentioned dissipation, in the area of the sidewalls 4 ', 4 according to the invention, it is provided for the installation of the so-called dissipation shafts 5', 5. In general, according to the invention, it is within the range at least one of the side walls 4 ', 4 of each flow field of a hydroelectric plant, dam or similar water management facility, provided at least one substantially flowing in the direction of flow and brightness of the flow field from the side of the dissipation shaft 5', 5. Preferably at least one a dissipation shaft 5 ', 5 mounted on each of the side walls 4', 4 of each flow field, and most preferably, one dissipation shaft 5 ', 5 each of a suitable embodiment is mounted on each side wall 4', 4.

On the left side of FIG. 1, prior to overflow 1, a reservoir area comprising a certain amount of water is available, gradually draining through the overflow 1 into the sub-basin area 2 with a certain flow rate, and then through the closing threshold 3 into the riverbed, which is available below said flow area. In this case, the water management facility may comprise e.g. one or more flow fields arranged side by side.

-1414

During the water level in the dam area or in the area of overflow 1 and the level of the outflow of water in the river bed, a certain height difference is available, which also results in the difference in the potential energy balance of the two areas. A significant portion of this balance difference is represented by kinetic energy, which is largely undesirable or non-desirable. even harmful. When there is a sufficient height difference between the water level in the containment area or satisfactory dissipation of kinetic energy is created due to the hydraulic conditions in the overflow zone 1 and between the water flow level in the sub-basin 2, especially by means of known prior art measures. When the required height difference is not available, dissipation should be provided in the area of sub-basement 2. One of the measures is, as already mentioned, e.g. deepening the bottom 21 sub-floor 2, which in some cases is not realistic. The invention focuses on a hydropower facility that is already existing or merely designed for conditions where the height difference between the water level in the overflow zone 1 and the drainage water level in the sub / sub-basin is significantly too low to be able to account for dissipation due to sufficient at the same time, the bottom 21 is sublayer 2 interlayer to create dissipation. According to the invention, it is possible to provide the necessary dissipation by installing the dissipation shafts 5 ', 5 along each side wall 4', 4 of the flow field.

There are a number of options for installing 5 ', 5 dissipation shafts. Generally, these can be straight or broken beams 5', 5. Further, 5 ', 5 beams can be mounted horizontally or obliquely, e.g. so that they rise or lower in the direction of the water flow relative to the horizontal plane. In addition, two dissipation shafts 5 ', 5 may be arranged two adjacent to each side wall 4', 4, or may be parallel to each other or sloping relative to each other, either by approaching each other in the direction of flow or they move away from each other in the direction of flow. The designs of such improved flow fields may also vary in the length of the dissipation shafts 5 ', 5; the latter can range from e.g. from dressing 1 to conclusion

-1515 sub-bases 2, almost to the finishing threshold 3, and may even extend beyond said finishing threshold 3.

In FIG. 1 shows a flow field in which, in the area of sub-basin 2, two dissipation shafts 5 ', 5, which are arranged horizontally and spaced apart from each other, are mounted on each side wall 4', 4 (Figures 11 and 12). at least substantially parallel to overflow 1, above which gate 6 is visible, and terminated immediately before the expiration of sub-floor 2, namely before the closing threshold 3. The purpose and efficiency of the dissipation shafts 5 ', 5 are as previously described.

In FIG. 2 shows a flow field in which, in the area of sub-basin 2, two rectilinearly arranged dissipation shafts 5 ', 5, which are arranged obliquely, ascending with respect to each side wall 4', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12) are mounted each direction, but at the same time they are still running at least essentially parallel. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 are closed just before the expiration of sub-floor 2, namely before the closing threshold 3.

In FIG. 3 shows a flow field in which two dissipating shafts 4 ', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12) of the dissipation shaft 5', 5, which are fractured, are again located in the sub-basin area 2. The starting portion 51 of each shaft 5 ', 5 immediately adjacent to overflow 1 runs obliquely, ascending in the direction of flow, and the end portion 52 of the same shaft 5', 5 extends horizontally. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 are still running at least substantially parallel to each other, but in this case they are also closed before the expiry of sub-floor 2, namely before the closing threshold 3.

In FIG. 4 shows a flow field in which two in each sub-basement area 2 are again mounted on the respective side wall 4 ', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12)

-1616 5 ', 5 dissipation shafts, which are broken. The starting portion 51 of each shaft 5 ', 5 immediately extends along the overflow 1 horizontally, while the end portion 52 of the beam 5', 5 extends obliquely, ascending in the direction of flow. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 continue to run at least substantially parallel to each other, but in this case they are also closed before the expiration of sub-floor 2, i.e. before the closing threshold 3.

In FIG. 5 shows a flow field in which, in the area of sub-basin 2, two dissipation shafts 5 ', 5 (5 and 5) are attached to each side wall 4', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12), which are broken. The beginning portion 51 of each shaft 5 ', 5 immediately adjacent to overflow 1 runs obliquely, ascending in the direction of flow, and the end portion 52 of shaft 5', 5 extends horizontally. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 are still extending at least substantially in parallel, in which case they extend beyond the area of sub-basement 2 and are closed only beyond the end of the closing threshold 3.

In FIG. 6 shows a flow field in which, in the area of sub-basin 2, two dissipation shafts 5 ', 5 (2), which are each fractured, are again attached to the respective side wall 4', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12). The starter part 51 of each shaft 5 ', 5 immediately extends obliquely along spillway 1, ascending in the direction of flow, while the end portion 52 of the shaft 5', 5 extends obliquely, descending with respect to the direction of flow. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 continue to run at least substantially parallel to each other, but in this case they are also closed before the expiration of sub-floor 2, i.e. before the closing threshold 3.

In FIG. 7 shows a flow field in which, in the area of sub-basin 2, two dissipation shafts 5 ', 5 (5 and 5) are attached to each side wall 4', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12), which are broken twice. The starting part 51 of each shaft 5 ', 5, immediately adjacent to overflow 1, runs obliquely, ascending in the direction of flow, the central portion 53 extends at least substantially horizontally, the end portion

-1717 each beams 5 ', and 5 goes again obliquely, ascending in the direction of the current. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 continue to run at least substantially parallel to each other, extending over the entire area of sub-basement 2 and being closed above the end of the closing threshold 3.

In FIG. 8 shows a flow field in which, this time, in the area slightly different from V, of the designed sub-basin 2, two rectilinearly-designed dissipation shafts 5 ', 5 are mounted on each side 4', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12). both of which are arranged obliquely, ascending in the direction of the stream, but at the same time still running at least substantially in parallel. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 are closed just before the expiry of sub-basement 2, namely before the closing threshold 3 formed by the sloping originating from the lowest point of said sub-basement 2.

In FIG. 9 shows a flow field of a water management facility wherein two sub-linearly dissipated shafts 5 ', 5, which are arranged obliquely, ascending, are mounted in the sub-basin area 2, each of which is attached to the respective side wall 4', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12). depending on the direction of the flow, but at the same time they are still running at least substantially in parallel. In this case, the shafts 5 ', 5 are closed just before the expiration of sub-floor 2, namely before the closing threshold 3. In this case, it is a flow field of the water management facility without any barrier or similar closure device, in order to illustrate in particular the wide applicability of the invention and the utility of mounting 5 ', 5 dissipation beams on the corresponding side walls 4', 4 even in the case of e.g. rehabilitation of existing dams, overflows, flow channels, cascades and similar structures.

For a similar purpose, FIG. 10 shows a flow field of a water management facility, with two in each sub-basin 2 positioned per side

-1818 wall 4 ', 4 (Figs. 11 and 12) are mounted in a straight line with respect to the dissipation shafts 5', 5, which are arranged obliquely, ascending in the direction of the flow, and at the same time still running at least substantially in parallel.

In addition to the number of arrangement and design of the dissipation beams 5 ', 5, ie straight lines, single or multiple fractures, parallelism or obliquity and similar characteristics, according to the invention, the respective side walls 4', 4 of the fixed dissipation beams 5 ', 5 are also distinguished by the different designs of transverse profiles. These are shown schematically in FIG. 13 to 36, namely as transversal profiles rather than as e.g. cross sections. Namely, it is irrelevant for the purposes of the present invention if the dissipation beam is 5 ', 5 e.g. full or hollow, because the configuration of its perimeter or the circumference is crucial for its effectiveness in terms of providing the expected dissipation. an outline that is either invariable or generally variable in length. In FIG. 13 to 36, some of the possible transversal profiles are presented which, along the entire length of the beam 5 ', 5 may be identical or variable with each other, or even extend along a single contour along the same dissipation beam 5', 5 (for example, the one in Fig. 2) into another outline (eg the one in Fig. 3).

In FIG. 13 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, the rectangular profile of the 5 'dissipation beam is upright.

In FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a dissipation beam 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case it is a flattened rectangular profile of the 5 'dissipation beam.

-1919

In FIG. 15 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case the square profile of the dissipation beam is 5 '.

In FIG. 16 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a truncated at least substantially rectangular or square profile in which the lower and upper surfaces of the 501, 502 beams 5 'are somehow hyperbolically hollowed out, while the lateral surface 503 of the beams 5' is flat and smooth and completely vertical.

In FIG. 17 shows a transverse profile of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a trapezoidal profile in which the lower and upper surfaces of the 501, 502 beams 5 'are straight and smooth and horizontal, while the lateral surface 503 of the beams 5' is straight and smooth, but taken inwards and downwards, e.g. in the direction of e.g. towards the bottom in the sketch of the undisplayed sublayer.

In FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, there is a profile in which the lower and upper surfaces of the beams 501, 502 5 'are somehow hyperbolically extended toward the corresponding side wall 4', while the side surface 503 of the beams 5 'is flat and smooth and completely vertical.

In FIG. 19 shows a transversal profile of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a trapezoidal profile in which the lower and upper surfaces of the 501, 502 beams 5 'are straight and smooth and horizontal, while the lateral surface 503 of the beams 5' is straight and smooth, but taken down and inwards.

-2020

In FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case it is an upright rectangular profile whose upper and lower surfaces 501, 502 are straight and smooth and parallel to each other; otherwise, the flat and vertical side surfaces 503 are provided with a rectangular, longitudinal groove 504.

In FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a trapezoidal profile, the upper and lower surfaces of 501, 502 being flat and smooth but taken in such a way that they approach each other in the direction of the corresponding wall 4 ', while the flat and smooth lateral surface 503 is at least basically vertical.

In FIG. 22 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, at least a substantially rectangular or square profile is trimmed, in which the lower and upper surfaces 501, 502 of the beam 5 'are somehow hyperbolically hollowed out, and the lateral surface 503 of the shaft 5' is also hollowed out in the same or similar manner.

In FIG. 23 shows a transverse profile of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is at least essentially a T-profile in which the lower and upper surface 501, 502 of the shaft 5 'are stepped in a step in the areas immediately adjacent to the wall 4', while the lateral surface 503 of the shaft 5 'is flat, smooth and vertical.

In FIG. 24 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is at least essentially the correct circular profile.

-2121

In FIG. 25 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a trapezoidal profile in which the upper surface 501 and the side surface 503 of the beam 5 'are straight and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the lower surface 502 of the beam 5' is flat and smooth but is considered inwards against the wall 4 'and down.

In FIG. 26 shows a transversal profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is an upright rectangular profile, the upper and lower surfaces of 501, 502 being straight and smooth and parallel to each other, otherwise the flat and vertical side surfaces 503 are provided with a centrally arranged rectangular, longitudinally extending groove 504 in which a further centrally arranged rectangular and longitudinally extending groove 505 is available.

In FIG. 27 shows a transverse profile of a complex dissipation beam 5 'consisting of two adjacent adjacent beams with a highly flattened rectangular profile.

In FIG. 28 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a trapezoidal profile in which the lower surface 502 and the lateral surface 503 of the beam 5 'are straight and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the upper surface 501 of the beam 5' is flat and smooth but is considered inwards against the wall 4 'and up.

In FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of a dissipation beam 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case it is

-2222 rhombic profile, in which the upper surface 501 and the lower surface 502 are straight and smooth, but extend obliquely downwards towards the corresponding wall 4 '. The side surface 503 is flat, smooth and vertical.

In FIG. 30 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is an E-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with straight, smooth and horizontal surfaces of 501, 502, and therefore with a vertical lateral surface 503, which is provided with two sides parallel to each other along the shaft. 5 'running at least essentially rectangular grooves 504, 505.

In FIG. 31 shows a transverse profile of the dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is an H-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore substantially parallel surfaces 501, 502, each of which is provided with at least one substantially square-shaped groove 504, 505, as well as a straight and a smooth vertical lateral surface 503.

In FIG. 32 shows a transverse profile of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a modified H-profile, namely, an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore substantially parallel surfaces 501, 502, with the upper surface 501 being stepped tapered towards the wall 4 'and the lower surface 502 being provided with a longitudinally extending rectangular groove 504. The side surface 503 is flat, smooth and vertical.

-2323

In FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a dissipation beam 5 ', which is located adjacent to the side wall 4 ' of the available flow field. In this case, the profile is substantially parallel to the upper and lower surfaces 501, 502, while the lateral surface 503 is stepped up and down 4 '.

In FIG. 34 shows a transverse profile of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a kind of L-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore substantially parallel surfaces 501, 502, with the upper surface 501 being stepped tapered in the direction of the wall 4 'and the lower surface 502 being straight and smooth. The 503 vertical side surface is also flat, smooth.

In FIG. 35 shows a transverse profile of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a rotated U-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and thus substantially parallel surfaces 501, 502, with the upper surface 501 being flat and the lower surface 502 having a longitudinally extending rectangular groove 504. Side surface 503 is flat, smooth and vertical.

In FIG. 36 shows a transverse profile of a dissipation shaft 5 'mounted adjacent to the side wall 4' of the available flow field. In this case, it is a profile reminiscent of the letter X, namely, at least essentially a rectangular or square profile, in which the upper surface 501 is stepped in a downward and inward direction towards the corresponding side wall 4 ', while the lateral side

-2424 the surface 503 and the lower surface 502 of the beam 5 'are recessed, so that each of them comprises a trapezoidal groove 504, 505.

Claims (47)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, dam or similar water management facility consisting of a fortified sub-basin (2) which, when viewed in the direction of flow, is arranged directly below / behind the overflow (1) and, if necessary, terminated by a closing threshold (3) and bounded on the sides with at least substantially vertical or oblique sidewalls (4 ', 4), and, if necessary, a suitable barrier (6) or similar closure device is provided in the area of such flow field, with said overflow (1) and, if necessary, the closing threshold (3) together with the said lateral walls (4 ', 4) forms a uniform, compact structure for handling hydraulic loads and phenomena between the impounded area of the respective watercourse above or above. in front of the said flowing field, and between the river bed and the associated banks for or. below the flow area, characterized in that, in the area of at least one of the side walls (4 ', 4) of each flow field, at least one substantially flowing in the direction of flow and a flow field of the flow field extending from the side extends from the side (5', 5). Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of each side wall (4 ', 4) of the flow field, at least one substantially flowing flow direction and a brightness of the flow field from the side of the flow field extending from the side (5 ', 5). Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of each side wall (4 ', 4) of each flow field, at least one substantially flowing flow direction and a flow field brightness extending from the side of the flow field (5) ', 5'). -2626 Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two linearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending from the overflow area (1) at least substantially horizontally in the direction of flow and extending all to the conclusion of sublayer (2), i.e. at least essentially to the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two linearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending from the overflow area (1) upstream and extending all the way to the conclusion of sublayer (2), i at least essentially to the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two rectilinearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending downstream from the overflow region (1) and reaching their completion. underlies (2), i.e. at least essentially to the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two at least once fractured design dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided extending from the overflow area (1) at least substantially horizontally in the direction of flow and reach the end of sub-basement (2), ie at least essentially to the closing threshold (3), where available. . Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two at least once fractured design dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending from the overflow area (1) upstream and extending right up to the end of sub-floor (2), ie at least essentially to the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two at least once fractured design dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending downstream from the overflow region (1) and extending all to the conclusion of sublayer (2), i.e. at least essentially to the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two linearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending from the overflow area (1) at least substantially horizontally in the direction of flow and extending beyond the conclusion of sublayer (2), i beyond the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two linearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending from the overflow region (1) upstream and extending beyond the end. underlies (2), i.e. beyond the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two linearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending downstream from the overflow region (1) and extending beyond the end of the sub-basin. (2), i.e. beyond the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two at least once fractured design dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided extending from the overflow area (1) at least substantially horizontally in the direction of flow and reach beyond the conclusion of sublayer (2), ie beyond the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two at least once fractured design dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided which -2828 run upstream from the overflow area (1) in an upstream direction and extend beyond the end of the sub-basement (2), i.e. beyond the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two at least once fractured design dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, extending downstream from the overflow region (1) and extending beyond the conclusion of sublayer (2), i beyond the closing threshold (3), where available. Flow field according to any one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that at least two dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are arranged, arranged in the direction of the flow and in parallel with each other. Flow field according to any one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that at least two dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, which are arranged at least substantially in the direction of flow but with respect to each other so that in the direction of the flow, they approach each other. 18. Flow field according to any one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that at least two dissipation shafts (5 ', 5) are provided, which are arranged at least substantially in the direction of the flow but with respect to each other so that away from each other in the direction of flow. Flow field according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by an upright rectangular cross-section. -2929 Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a flattened rectangular transverse profile. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a square transverse profile. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5), which is formed by a transverse profile, which is undercut at least substantially rectangular or square profile, in which the lower and upper surfaces (501, 502) of the shaft (5 ') are substantially hyperbolically recessed, while the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5') is flat and smooth and at least substantially vertical. 23. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile, with the lower and upper the surface (501, 502) of the shaft (5 ') is flat and smooth and horizontal, while the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5') is flat and smooth, but is considered outwards and downwards. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, wherein the lower and upper surfaces (501, 502) of the shaft (5) ') at least substantially hyperbolically extended toward the associated lateral wall (4'), while the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5 ') is flat and smooth and completely vertical. 25. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5), which is formed by a transverse profile which -3030 is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile in which the lower and upper surfaces (501, 502) of the shaft (5 ') are straight and smooth and horizontal, while the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5') is flat and smooth, but considered downwards and inwards. 26. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5), which is formed by a transverse profile, which is a rectangular profile whose upper and lower surfaces (501, 502) are straight and smooth and parallel to each other, otherwise the flat and vertical side surfaces (503) are provided with a rectangular, longitudinal groove (504). Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5), which is formed by a transverse profile, which is a trapezoidal profile having an upper and lower surface (501, 502 ) are straight and smooth but taken in such a way that they approach each other in the direction of the corresponding wall (4 '), while the flat and smooth side surface (503) is at least substantially vertical. 28. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5), which is formed by a transverse profile, which is undercut at least substantially rectangular or square profile, in which the lower and upper surfaces (501, 502) of the shaft (5 ') are at least substantially hyperbolically hollowed out, and the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5') is at least similarly hollowed out. 29. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a T-profile, wherein the lower and the upper surface (501, 502) of the shaft (5 ') is stepped in a step in the areas immediately adjacent to the wall (4'), while the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5 ') is flat, smooth and vertical. -3131 Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a regular circular profile. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile, with the upper surface ( 501) and the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5 ') are straight and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the lower surface (502) of the shaft (5') is even and smooth but taken inwards towards the corresponding lateral wall ( 4 ') and down. 32. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5), which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an upright profile, the upper and lower surfaces of which (501, 502) are straight and smooth and parallel to each other, otherwise the flat and vertical side surfaces (503) are provided with a centrally arranged rectangular, longitudinally extending groove (504) in which a further centrally arranged rectangular and longitudinal portion is provided running groove (505). 33. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a trapezoidal profile with the lower surface ( 502) and the lateral surface (503) of the shaft (5 ') is straight and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the upper surface (501) of the shaft (5 ¹ ) is even and smooth but taken inwards towards the wall (4' ) and up. 34. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile which -3232 is at least essentially a rhombic profile, in which the upper surface (501) and the lower surface (502) are straight and smooth, but extend obliquely downward toward the corresponding wall (4 '), while the lateral surface (503) flat, smooth and vertical. 35. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an E profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with flat, smooth and horizontal and therefore parallel surfaces (501, 502), as well as a vertical lateral surface (503), which is provided with two parallel grooves (5 ') extending at least substantially rectangular ( 504, 505). 36. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an H-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore substantially parallel surfaces (501, 502), each of which is provided with at least one substantially square-shaped groove (504, 505), as well as a flat and smooth vertical lateral surface (503). 37. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile which is modified by an H-profile, namely for an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and thus substantially parallel surfaces (501, 502), with the upper surface (501) being stepped tapered towards the corresponding side wall (4 ') and the lower surface (502) provided with a longitudinally extending rectangular groove (504) ), while the lateral surface (503) is at least substantially flat, smooth and vertical. -3333 38. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, wherein the upper and lower surfaces (501, 502) are interconnected in substantially parallel, while the lateral surface (503) is stepped in a downward direction and toward the corresponding lateral wall (4 '). 39. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which is at least essentially an L profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal, and thus substantially parallel, upper and lower surfaces (501, 502), wherein the upper surface (501) is stepped tapered in the direction of the corresponding side wall (4 ') and the lower surface (502) is flat and smooth, as well as a flat, smooth vertical side surface (503). 40. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile, which rotates a U-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore The upper and lower surfaces (501, 502) are substantially parallel to each other, with the upper surface (501) being flat, the lower surface (502) being provided with a longitudinally extending rectangular groove (504), while the lateral surface (503) is at least basically flat, smooth and vertical. A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) which is formed by a transverse profile which essentially represents the letter X, namely at least substantially rectangular or square profile in which the upper surface (501) is stepped in a downward and inward direction toward the associated side wall (4 '), while the lateral surface (503) -3434 and the lower surface (502) of the beam (5 ') is trapezoidal, so that each of them comprises a trapezoidal, longitudinally extending groove (504, 505). 42. Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises at least one complex dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) consisting of beams arranged side by side. 43. Flow field according to claim 42, characterized in that it comprises at least one complex dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) consisting of beams arranged along side by side with a distinctly flattened rectangular profile. Flow field according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) whose transverse profile is fixed in length along the length of the shaft (5', 5). Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) whose transverse profile is variable in length along the shaft (5', 5). Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5) whose transverse profile is continuously variable along the length of the shaft (5', 5). Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that it comprises at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5), the transversal profile of which is freely variable along the length of the shaft (5', 5).