CN109778799B - Asymmetric stilling pool - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel asymmetric stilling pool which comprises a drop sill, a stilling pool bottom plate connected with the downstream of the drop sill and side walls on two sides of the stilling pool bottom plate, wherein the upstream of the drop sill is connected with a bottom plate of a vent hole, the upstream of the side walls on two sides are connected with the side walls of the vent hole, the stilling pool bottom plate is formed by sequentially connecting a straight section, an arc section and a slope section along the water flow direction, the tail end of the slope section is a bevel cut, the bevel cut is connected with a bank slope of a river channel, and the bevel cut direction of the bevel cut ensures that the side wall on the upstream side of the river channel is shorter than the side wall on the downstream side of the river. The asymmetric stilling pool is suitable for energy dissipation of bottom flow at an outlet of a vent hole with a certain intersection angle between a medium-high water head hydropower station and a narrow river channel, and the problems of atomization and elutriation of a river bed and a bank slope caused by trajectory jet energy dissipation are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a flood discharge energy dissipation facility used in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and particularly relates to an energy dissipation and scour prevention facility which is applied to energy dissipation of bottom flow at an outlet of a vent hole with a certain intersection angle between a medium-high water head hydropower station and a narrow river channel.
Background
In water conservancy and hydropower engineering, flood discharge and energy dissipation are very outstanding key technical problems, and energy dissipation and scour prevention at the downstream of a water discharge structure are directly related to the safety of the engineering. According to the rough statistical analysis of a large amount of actual engineering data, the flood discharge energy dissipation cost accounts for 40-50% of the total construction cost, and the energy dissipation and impact prevention facility accounts for 40-50% of the total construction cost of the water discharge structure. Therefore, selecting a suitable flood discharge building is also an important way to make reasonable use of the funds. Because hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is mostly located among the mountain area canyons, the river course is often narrower and restricted by engineering river reach topography, and the shaft line of the vent hole outlet of many of this kind of engineering deviates from the mainstream direction of the river course of the low reaches, and is a great included angle with the river course of the low reaches. Due to the narrow river channel and the large single-width flow of the downward-discharging water flow, the flood discharging, energy dissipation and impact prevention problems at the downstream of the vent hole outlet of the engineering are very prominent and often become the key control factor of the engineering. The design difficulty is mainly that the downstream river channel is narrow, the diffusion space of the lower drainage tongue is limited, the lower drainage water flow is relatively concentrated and has high flow speed, the unit area water inflow amount of the water inflow area of the downstream river channel is large, the lower drainage water flow is seriously washed away from the downstream river channel, even the water flow at the outlet of a vent hole impacts the bank to cause collapse and damage of the bank slope, and further the engineering safety and normal operation are influenced.
For energy dissipation of a large single wide-flow emptying hole outlet of a medium-high water head hydropower station, trajectory jet energy dissipation is often adopted in engineering, and although the technology is relatively mature, trajectory jet energy dissipation can bring about serious flood discharge atomization, so that power generation and personnel safety are affected. Because the building of the stilling pool is not limited by the conditions of terrain, geology and the like, and the stilling pool is convenient to overhaul, the stilling pool basically has no atomization phenomenon relative to a trajectory jet energy dissipater. Therefore, the energy dissipation of the stilling pool is gradually popularized in the built and under-built medium and high water head power stations. But for the energy dissipation of the bottom flow at the outlet of the emptying hole with a certain intersection angle between the medium-high water head hydropower station and the narrow river channel, the conventional stilling basin design is not enough to meet the actual engineering requirements. Therefore, a novel stilling pool is needed to be designed to be suitable for energy dissipation of bottom flow at an outlet of a vent hole with a certain intersection angle between a medium-high water head hydropower station and a narrow river channel, namely, the asymmetric stilling pool.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel asymmetric stilling pool, which is used for energy dissipation and impact prevention at the tail end of a vent hole with a larger intersection angle with a narrow river channel, is suitable for energy dissipation of bottom flow at an outlet of the vent hole with a certain intersection angle with the narrow river channel in a medium-high water head hydropower station, and avoids the problems of atomization and elutriation of a river bed and a bank slope caused by trajectory energy dissipation.
The asymmetric stilling pool comprises a drop sill, a stilling pool bottom plate connected with the downstream of the drop sill and side walls on two sides of the stilling pool bottom plate, wherein the upstream of the drop sill is connected with a bottom plate of a vent hole, the upstream of the side walls on two sides are connected with the side walls of the vent hole, the stilling pool bottom plate is formed by sequentially connecting a straight section, an arc section and a slope section along the water flow direction, the tail end of the slope section is a diagonal cut, the diagonal cut is connected with a bank slope of a river channel, and the side wall on the upstream side of the river channel is shorter than the side wall on the downstream side of the river channel in the diagonal cut direction.
Further, the width of the tail end of the emptying hole is B (designed according to specific engineering requirements), d is the height of the drop sill, and d/B is 0.2-0.5; the length of the flat section of the bottom plate is l1，l11.0-2.0% of/B; the length of the arc segment is l2，l21.0-2.0% of/B, and the radius of the arc is R1The central angle is gamma, gamma is 3-10 deg., R1＝180l2π γ; the short side length of the slope section is l3，l3And the/B is 0.5-1.5, and the included angle between the slope section and the horizontal plane is equal to gamma.
Further, according to the structural form of the side wall of the stilling pool, the asymmetric stilling pool can be divided into the following three forms:
1. single side wall diffusion
The shorter side wall is a straight wall, the longer side wall is an arc wall, wherein the length of the straight wall is l, and l is equal to l1+180 l2sinγ/πγ+l3cos γ; the length of the arc wall is L, L/B is 7.0-10.0, and the radius of the arc wall is R2The central angle is α degrees and is equal to or more than-3 degrees and α degrees and equal to or more than 3 degrees (theta is the included angle between the emptying hole axis and the body line in the river), R2180L/pi α, the body type is suitable for use in situations where the angle theta between the axis of the blow hole and the body line in the river is small, where theta < 15 deg..
2. Double side wall diffusion
The shorter side wall of this size is the oblique straight wall that outwards expands gradually along water flow direction and makes the stilling pool bottom plate width increase gradually, and longer side wall is the arc wall, and wherein the contained angle between oblique straight wall and the hole axis of defence is β,2 is less than or equal to β and is less than or equal to 5, and oblique straight wall length is l, and l ═ is (l ═ is not more than 5-1+180l2sinγ/πγ+l3cos gamma)/cos β, the length of the arc wall is L, the L/B is 7.0-10.0, and the radius of the arc wall is R2The central angle is α degrees, the central angle is equal to or more than-3 degrees and equal to or more than α degrees, theta is the included angle between the emptying hole axis and the body line in the river channel, R2180L/pi α, the body type is suitable for use in situations where the angle theta between the axis of the blow hole and the body line in the river is not too large, where 15 deg. ≦ theta ≦ 25 deg..
3. Double arc diffusion
The side walls on two sides of the figure are arc walls, wherein the arc central angle of the shorter arc wall is β, β is more than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees, the length of the arc wall is l, and l is (l is)1+180l2sinγ/πγ+l3cos gamma)/cos (β/2), and the radius of the circular arc is R3，R3180L/pi β, the length of the longer arc wall is L, L/B is 7.0-10.0, and the radius of the arc wall is R2The central angle is α degrees, the central angle is equal to or more than-3 degrees and equal to or more than α degrees, theta is the included angle between the emptying hole axis and the body line in the river channel, R2180L/pi α, the body type is suitable for the case of a large angle theta between the axis of the blow hole and the body line in the river, where theta > 25 deg.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the asymmetric stilling basin of the invention can dissipate energy, belongs to underflow energy dissipation, basically has no atomization phenomenon in flood discharge energy dissipation, and can not influence the safety of power generation and working personnel. The flow state of water flow in the asymmetric absorption basin is good, the water flow out of the basin is stable in a submerged hydraulic jump state, the energy dissipation is sufficient, and the erosion to the riverbed and the side slope of the river channel is slight, so that the vent hole outlet with a certain intersection angle between a medium-high water head hydropower station and a narrow river channel can be used as a main energy dissipater.
2. Because the side walls on the left side and the right side of the asymmetric stilling pool are asymmetric and the stilling pool outlet is in a beveling form, the water flow of the outlet pool is diffused towards the downstream while being diffused towards the middle of the river channel, the single width flow of the outlet pool is reduced, the water inlet speed is greatly reduced, the energy is diffused, and the fluctuation of the water surface of the downstream river channel is reduced.
3. The asymmetric stilling pool disclosed by the invention is relatively simple in structure, easy to optimize the body type, convenient to overhaul and replace and good in applicability to topographic and geological conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 are schematic plan views of three types of asymmetric stilling pools, which are used for bottom flow energy dissipation of a large single wide flow emptying tunnel outlet of a medium and high water head power station;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a right side view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view (theta < 15 deg.) of an asymmetric stilling pool with single side wall diffusion for energy dissipation and impact prevention at the end outlet of a vent hole according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the medial axis of the cavity of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of the asymmetric stilling basin with double side walls diffusing for energy dissipation and impact prevention at the end outlet of a vent hole (theta is more than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees);
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the medial axis of the cavity of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view (theta > 25 deg.) of the asymmetric stilling pool with double-side wall diffusion for energy dissipation and impact prevention at the end outlet of a vent hole;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the medial axis of the cavity of FIG. 11;
Detailed Description
The asymmetric stilling pool of the present invention is further described by the following specific embodiments.
Example 1
The highest running water head of a certain engineering emptying hole is 120m, the width B of the tail end of the emptying hole is 6m, and the maximum single-width flow rate is 120m3M, the included angle theta between the central axis of the emptying tunnel and the hong line in the downstream river channel is 12 degrees. The asymmetric stilling pool adopting single-side wall diffusion is used for bottom flow energy dissipation at the tail end outlet of the emptying hole of the hydropower station with medium and high water head.
The asymmetric stilling pool with the single-side wall diffusion structure is shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a drop sill, a stilling pool bottom plate connected with the downstream of the drop sill and side walls on two sides of the stilling pool bottom plate, wherein the upstream of the drop sill is connected with a bottom plate of a vent hole, the upstream of the side walls on two sides are connected with side walls of the vent hole, the bottom plate of the stilling pool is formed by sequentially connecting a straight section, an arc section and a slope section along the water flow direction, the tail end of the slope section is a diagonal cut, the diagonal cut is connected with a bank slope of a river channel, the side wall on the upstream side of the river channel is shorter than the side wall on the downstream side of the river channel in the diagonal cut direction of the diagonal cut, the short side wall is a straight wall, and the.
The height d of the drop sill is 3 m; the length of the flat section of the bottom plate of the stilling pool is l112m, and the length of the arc segment is l212m, arc radius R168.75m, and the central angle gamma is 10 degrees; the short side length of the slope section is l33m, the length of the straight wall is 51.92m, the length of the arc wall is 60m, the central angle α is 15 degrees, and the radius of the arc wall is R2＝229.18m。
The asymmetric absorption basin with the single-side wall diffusion in the embodiment has good water flow state, and in order to submerge a hydraulic jump state, a large amount of air is mixed in the absorption basin, the water flow out of the basin is stable, the energy dissipation is sufficient, the erosion to the riverbed and the side slope of the river channel is slight, the water flow out of the basin diffuses downstream while diffusing to the middle of the river channel, and the water flow out of the basin has the advantages of greatly reducing the water inlet speed due to the reduction of the single width flow out of the basin, diffusing the energy and reducing the fluctuation of the water surface of the downstream river. The schematic diagram of the out-pool water flow plane diffusion area is shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 8 is the schematic diagram of the shaft plane water line in the vent.
Example 2
The highest running water head of a certain engineering emptying hole is 100m, the width B of the tail end of the emptying hole is 6m, and the maximum single-width flow rate is 100m3M, the included angle theta between the central axis of the emptying tunnel and the hong line in the downstream river channel is 20 degrees. And an asymmetric stilling pool diffused by side walls on two sides is used for bottom flow energy dissipation at the tail end outlet of the emptying hole of the hydropower station with medium and high water head.
The asymmetric stilling pool with the single-side wall diffusion structure is shown in figures 3 and 4 and comprises a drop sill, a stilling pool bottom plate connected with the downstream of the drop sill and side walls on two sides of the stilling pool bottom plate, wherein the upstream of the drop sill is connected with a bottom plate of a vent hole, the upstream of the side walls on two sides are connected with side walls of the vent hole, the bottom plate of the stilling pool is formed by sequentially connecting a straight section, an arc section and a slope section along the water flow direction, the tail end of the slope section is a diagonal cut, the diagonal cut is connected with a bank slope of a river channel, and the side walls on the upstream side of the river channel are shorter than the side walls on the downstream side of the river channel in the diagonal cut direction of. The shorter side wall is an inclined straight wall which gradually expands outwards along the water flow direction to gradually increase the width of the bottom plate of the stilling pool, and the longer side wall is an arc wall.
The height d of the drop sill is 2 m; the length of the flat section of the bottom plate of the stilling pool is l110m, and a circular arc segment length of l210m, circular arc radius R195.46m, and a central angle γ of 6 °; the short side length of the slope section is l36m, wherein the included angle between the inclined straight wall and the hole axis is β -50, and the length of the inclined straight wall is l- (l)1+180l2sinγ/πγ+l3cos gamma)/cos β, length of straight wall is 42.44m, length of arc wall is 54m, central angle α is 20 deg. and radius of arc wall is R2＝154.7m。
The asymmetric absorption basin with the double side walls for diffusion in the embodiment has good water flow state, and is in a submerged water jump state, a large amount of air is mixed in the absorption basin, the water flow out of the basin is stable, the energy dissipation is sufficient, the erosion to the riverbed and the side slope of the river channel is slight, the water flow out of the basin diffuses downstream while diffusing to the middle of the river channel, and the water flow out of the basin has a small flow rate, so that the water inlet speed is greatly reduced, the energy is diffused, and the fluctuation of the water surface of the downstream river channel is small. The schematic diagram of the out-pool water flow plane diffusion area is shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the shaft plane water line in the vent.
Example 3
The highest running water head of a certain engineering emptying hole is 70m, the width B of the tail end of the emptying hole is 6m, and the maximum single-width flow rate q is 80m3M, and the included angle theta between the central axis of the emptying tunnel and the hong line in the downstream river channel is 30 degrees. The asymmetric stilling pool adopting double-circular-arc diffusion is used for bottom flow energy dissipation at the tail end outlet of the emptying hole of the medium and high water head hydropower station.
The asymmetric stilling pool with the single-side wall diffusion structure is shown in figures 5 and 6 and comprises a drop sill, a stilling pool bottom plate connected with the downstream of the drop sill and side walls on two sides of the stilling pool bottom plate, wherein the upstream of the drop sill is connected with a bottom plate of a vent hole, the upstream of the side walls on two sides are connected with side walls of the vent hole, the bottom plate of the stilling pool is formed by sequentially connecting a straight section, an arc section and a slope section along the water flow direction, the tail end of the slope section is a diagonal cut, the diagonal cut is connected with a bank slope of a river channel, and the side walls on the upstream side of the river channel are shorter than the side walls on the downstream side of the river channel in the diagonal cut direction of. The side walls on both sides are arc walls.
The height d of the drop sill is 1.2 m; the length of the flat section of the bottom plate of the stilling pool is l16m, and the length of the arc segment is l26m, circular arc radius R1114.6m, central angle γ 3 °; the short side length of the slope section is l39m, the arc center angle of the shorter arc wall is β -20 degrees, the length of the arc wall is 31.1m, and the arc radius is R389.1 m; the length of the longer arc wall is L-42 m, and the arc radius of the arc wall is R280.2m, the central angle α is 30 °.
The asymmetric absorption basin with double-arc diffusion in the embodiment has good water flow state, and is in a submerged hydraulic jump state, a large amount of air is mixed in the absorption basin, the water flow out of the basin is stable, the energy dissipation is sufficient, the erosion to the riverbed and the side slope of the river channel is slight, the water flow out of the basin diffuses to the upstream and the downstream while diffusing to the middle of the river channel, the diffusion distance along the axial direction of the hole is smaller, and the energy is diffused due to the reduction of the single width flow of the water out of the basin, so that the fluctuation of the water surface of the downstream river channel is reduced. The schematic diagram of the out-pool water flow plane diffusion area is shown in FIG. 11, and FIG. 12 is the schematic diagram of the shaft plane water line in the vent.
Claims (9)
1. An asymmetric stilling pool is characterized by comprising a drop sill, a stilling pool bottom plate connected with the downstream of the drop sill and side walls on two sides of the stilling pool bottom plate, wherein the upstream of the drop sill is connected with a bottom plate of a vent hole, the upstream of the side walls on two sides are connected with the side walls of the vent hole, the stilling pool bottom plate is formed by sequentially connecting a straight section, an arc section and a slope section along the water flow direction, the tail end of the slope section is a diagonal cut, the diagonal cut is connected with a bank slope of a river channel, and the diagonal cut direction of the diagonal cut enables the side wall on the upstream side of the river channel to be shorter than the side wall on the downstream side of the river channel; the width of the tail end of the emptying hole is B, d is the height of the drop sill, and d/B is 0.2-0.5; the length of the flat section of the bottom plate is l1，l11.0-2.0% of/B; the length of the arc segment is l2，l21.0-2.0 percent of/B, and the numerical value of the radius of the vertical arc is R1The central angle is gamma, gamma is 30～100，R1＝180l2π γ; the short side length of the slope section is l3，l3And the/B is 0.5-1.5, and the included angle between the slope section and the horizontal plane is equal to gamma.
2. The asymmetric stilling pool of claim 1, wherein the shorter of the side walls is a straight wall and the longer side wall is an arc wall.
3. An asymmetric stilling pool as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length of the vertical wall is l, l ═ l1+180l2sinγ/πγ+l3cos γ; the length of the arc wall is L, L/B is 7.0-10.0, and the radius of the arc wall is R2The central angle is α degrees, the central angle is equal to or more than-3 degrees and equal to or more than α degrees, theta is the included angle between the emptying hole axis and the body line in the river channel, R2＝180L/πα。
4. The asymmetric stilling pool of claim 1, wherein the shorter side wall is a straight inclined wall which gradually expands outwards along the water flow direction to gradually increase the width of the stilling pool bottom plate, and the longer side wall is an arc wall.
5. The asymmetric stilling pool of claim 4, wherein the included angle between the inclined straight wall and the cavity-preventing axis is β,2 degrees to β degrees to 5 degrees, and the length of the inclined straight wall is l, l ═ l1+180l2sinγ/πγ+l3cosγ)/cosβ。
6. The asymmetric stilling pool of claim 5, wherein the arc wall length is L, L/B is 7.0-10.0, and the arc radius of the arc wall is R2The central angle is α degrees, the central angle is equal to or more than-3 degrees and equal to or more than α degrees, theta is the included angle between the emptying hole axis and the body line in the river channel, R2＝180L/πα。
7. The asymmetric stilling pool of claim 1, wherein the two side walls are both arc walls.
8. The asymmetric stilling pool of claim 7, wherein the arc center angle of the shorter arc wall is β, 15 ° - β ° -25 °, and the length of the arc wall is l, l ═ l (l ═ l)1+180l2sinγ/πγ+l3cos gamma)/cos (β/2), and the radius of the circular arc is R3，R3＝180l/πβ。
9. The asymmetric stilling pool of claim 8, wherein the length of the longer arc wall is L, L/B is 7.0-10.0, and the radius of the arc wall is R2The central angle is α degrees, the central angle is equal to or more than-3 degrees and equal to or more than α degrees, theta is the included angle between the emptying hole axis and the body line in the river channel, R2＝180L/πα。
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| US4906130A (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-03-06 | Davy Mckee Corporation | Anti-scouring device for a dam stilling basin or approach |
| CN204418136U (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-06-24 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | There is pressure sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater |
| CN104775393A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-07-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Deformed inverse step rectifying energy dissipation method and stilling basin |
| CN204644988U (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-09-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of special-shaped anti-step absorption basin |
| CN108517842A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-11 | 四川大学 | Asymmetric aeration method suitable for curving spillway |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SI21104B (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2011-01-31 | Dušan CIUHA | Power plant, dam or similar water management facility flow area with enhanced dissipation effect |
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- 2019-02-01 CN CN201910102863.2A patent/CN109778799B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4906130A (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-03-06 | Davy Mckee Corporation | Anti-scouring device for a dam stilling basin or approach |
| CN204418136U (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-06-24 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | There is pressure sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater |
| CN104775393A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-07-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Deformed inverse step rectifying energy dissipation method and stilling basin |
| CN204644988U (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-09-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of special-shaped anti-step absorption basin |
| CN108517842A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-11 | 四川大学 | Asymmetric aeration method suitable for curving spillway |
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