SG86363A1 - Fluid bed vinyl acetate catalyst - Google Patents
Fluid bed vinyl acetate catalystInfo
- Publication number
- SG86363A1 SG86363A1 SG9906114A SG1999006114A SG86363A1 SG 86363 A1 SG86363 A1 SG 86363A1 SG 9906114 A SG9906114 A SG 9906114A SG 1999006114 A SG1999006114 A SG 1999006114A SG 86363 A1 SG86363 A1 SG 86363A1
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- vinyl acetate
- fluid bed
- acetate catalyst
- bed vinyl
- catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/04—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C07C67/05—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation
- C07C67/055—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation in the presence of platinum group metals or their compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US20785198A | 1998-12-08 | 1998-12-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SG86363A1 true SG86363A1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
Family
ID=22772244
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SG9906114A SG86363A1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 1999-12-07 | Fluid bed vinyl acetate catalyst |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6358882B1 (tr) |
| EP (1) | EP1008385A3 (tr) |
| JP (1) | JP2000176285A (tr) |
| KR (1) | KR100717093B1 (tr) |
| CN (1) | CN1178748C (tr) |
| BR (1) | BR9907490A (tr) |
| ID (1) | ID24003A (tr) |
| MY (1) | MY129802A (tr) |
| NO (2) | NO325524B1 (tr) |
| RS (1) | RS50014B (tr) |
| RU (1) | RU2237517C2 (tr) |
| SG (1) | SG86363A1 (tr) |
| TR (1) | TR199902988A3 (tr) |
| TW (1) | TW476668B (tr) |
| UA (1) | UA65569C2 (tr) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914066A1 (de) * | 1999-03-27 | 2000-10-05 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Katalysatoren für die Gasphasenoxidation von Ethylen und Essigsäure zu Vinylacetat, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| DE19959064A1 (de) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-13 | Basf Ag | Trägerkatalysator zur Selektivhydrierung von Alkinen und Dienen |
| GB0014583D0 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2000-08-09 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
| EP1190768A1 (de) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-03-27 | Degussa AG | Edelmetallkatalysator |
| GB0026241D0 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2000-12-13 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
| US8572910B2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2013-11-05 | Tapco International, Inc. | Cap-on-cap mounting block |
| GB0312769D0 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2003-07-09 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process for selective hydrogenation of acetylenic compounds and catalyst therefor |
| WO2005005033A2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-20 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Catalysts and methods for making same |
| NZ547073A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2010-05-28 | Celanese Int Corp | Layered support material for catalysts |
| RU2006119185A (ru) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-12-20 | Селаниз Интернэшнл Корпорейшн (Us) | Материал носителя для катализаторов, содержащий диоксид циркония |
| TW201236755A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2012-09-16 | Celanese Int Corp | Halide free precursors for catalysts |
| JP4551109B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-14 | 2010-09-22 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 触媒の製造方法 |
| US20050234136A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-20 | Holland Brian T | Colloidal compositions and methods of preparing same |
| DE102004050585A1 (de) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-04-20 | Degussa Ag | Mikroreaktor und Verfahren zur Synthese von Vinylacetat-Monomer (VAM) in der Gasphase |
| KR100932575B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-20 | 2009-12-17 | 셀라니즈 인터내셔날 코포레이션 | 촉매용 개질된 지지체 물질 |
| US8227369B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2012-07-24 | Celanese International Corp. | Layered composition and processes for preparing and using the composition |
| TW200704436A (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-02-01 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Vinyl acetate catalyst and support |
| US20080108497A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-08 | Holland Brian T | Metal-rich siliceous compositions and methods of producing same |
| DE102006062331A1 (de) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Uhde Gmbh | Herstellung von Vinylchlorid |
| US7811968B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-10-12 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Preparation of palladium-gold catalysts |
| DE102007025444A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-11 | Süd-Chemie AG | VAM-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102007025223A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Süd-Chemie AG | Zirkoniumoxid-dotierter VAM-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102007025442B4 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2023-03-02 | Clariant International Ltd. | Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Schalenkatalysators und Schalenkatalysator |
| DE102007025362A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-11 | Süd-Chemie AG | Dotierter Pd/Au-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102007025315A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-11 | Süd-Chemie AG | Katalysator zur selektiven Hydrierung acetylenischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| DE102007025443A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Süd-Chemie AG | Pd/Au-Schalenkatalysator enthaltend HfO2, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| US8790608B2 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2014-07-29 | Nalco Company | Siliceous materials having tunable porosity and surface morphology and methods of synthesizing same |
| DE202008017277U1 (de) | 2008-11-30 | 2009-04-30 | Süd-Chemie AG | Katalysatorträger |
| US8329611B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2012-12-11 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L,P. | Titania-containing extrudate |
| US8273682B2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-09-25 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Preparation of palladium-gold catalyst |
| US8507720B2 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2013-08-13 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Titania-alumina supported palladium catalyst |
| EP4316656A4 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2024-05-22 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | CATALYST FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CATALYST FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1235632A (en) * | 1968-10-22 | 1971-06-16 | Knapsack Ag | Process for the manufacture of unsaturated esters of carboxylic acids |
| EP0199930A2 (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1986-11-05 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Spray-dried inorganic oxides from non-aqueous gels or solutions |
| WO1993023438A1 (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-11-25 | Joseph Crosfield & Son Ltd. | Catalysts and catalyst supports |
| US5591688A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1997-01-07 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the preparation of fluid bed vinyl acetate catalyst |
| US5665667A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1997-09-09 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the preparation of vinyl acetate catalyst |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB123632A (en) | 1918-03-27 | 1919-03-06 | George Herman Collier | Improvements in or connected with Vacuum Flasks. |
| GB1283737A (en) | 1968-09-04 | 1972-08-02 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Method of catalyst preparation |
| GB1333449A (en) | 1970-11-20 | 1973-10-10 | Hoechst Ag | Process for the oxacylation of olefins in the gaseous phase |
| US3918543A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-11-11 | Norman Halem | System for employing the change of momentum during vehicle deceleration for accessory power |
| JPS514118A (en) | 1974-06-27 | 1976-01-14 | Kuraray Co | Sakusanbiniruno seizohoho |
| JPS5917098B2 (ja) | 1979-01-17 | 1984-04-19 | ジェイエスアール株式会社 | 共役ジエンモノエステルの製造方法 |
| JPS6279841A (ja) | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-13 | Teikoku Kako Kk | 無機球状体の製造方法 |
| JPH07121358B2 (ja) | 1987-12-02 | 1995-12-25 | 三菱化学株式会社 | アルミナをベースとする流動触媒の製造法 |
| TW330160B (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1998-04-21 | Hoechst Ag | Supported catalyst, process for its preparation and its use for the preparation of vinyl acetate |
| DE4323980C1 (de) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-03-30 | Hoechst Ag | Palladium und Kalium sowie Cadmium, Barium oder Gold enthaltender Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| DE4323978C1 (de) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-02-16 | Hoechst Ag | Palladium und Kalium sowie Cadmium, Barium oder Gold enthaltender Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| DE69534557T2 (de) * | 1994-02-22 | 2006-06-01 | The Standard Oil Co., Cleveland | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators für die Herstellung von Vinylacetat in einem Wirbelbett |
| ES2135006T3 (es) | 1994-06-02 | 1999-10-16 | Standard Oil Co Ohio | Procedimiento en lecho fluido para la acetoxilacion de etileno en la produccion de acetato de vinilo. |
| US5536693A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-07-16 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the preparation of vinyl acetate catalyst |
| US5550281A (en) | 1994-06-02 | 1996-08-27 | Cirjak; Larry M. | Fluid bed process for the acetoxylation of ethylene in the production of vinyl acetate |
| DE19501891C1 (de) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-09-26 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägerkatalysators und seine Verwendung für die Produktion von Vinylacetat |
| DE19523271A1 (de) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-02 | Hoechst Ag | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| US5691267A (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 1997-11-25 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Two step gold addition method for preparing a vinyl acetate catalyst |
| GB9622911D0 (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1997-01-08 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
| US5859287A (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1999-01-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for preparing vinyl acetate utilizing a catalyst comprising palladium, gold, and any of certain third metals |
| DE19755022C2 (de) * | 1997-12-11 | 2000-03-09 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| DE19755023C2 (de) | 1997-12-11 | 2000-03-09 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
-
1999
- 1999-11-15 US US09/455,753 patent/US6358882B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-19 EP EP99309222A patent/EP1008385A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-03 TW TW088121205A patent/TW476668B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-07 JP JP11348221A patent/JP2000176285A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-07 NO NO19996008A patent/NO325524B1/no unknown
- 1999-12-07 RU RU99125834A patent/RU2237517C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-07 MY MYPI99005314A patent/MY129802A/en unknown
- 1999-12-07 ID IDP991123D patent/ID24003A/id unknown
- 1999-12-07 BR BR9907490-7A patent/BR9907490A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1999-12-07 KR KR1019990055464A patent/KR100717093B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-07 SG SG9906114A patent/SG86363A1/en unknown
- 1999-12-08 TR TR1999/02988A patent/TR199902988A3/tr unknown
- 1999-12-08 CN CNB991278755A patent/CN1178748C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-08 UA UA99126688A patent/UA65569C2/uk unknown
- 1999-12-08 RS YUP-638/99A patent/RS50014B/sr unknown
-
2001
- 2001-12-04 US US10/004,780 patent/US6534672B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-06-17 NO NO20052980A patent/NO324572B1/no unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1235632A (en) * | 1968-10-22 | 1971-06-16 | Knapsack Ag | Process for the manufacture of unsaturated esters of carboxylic acids |
| EP0199930A2 (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1986-11-05 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Spray-dried inorganic oxides from non-aqueous gels or solutions |
| WO1993023438A1 (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-11-25 | Joseph Crosfield & Son Ltd. | Catalysts and catalyst supports |
| US5591688A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1997-01-07 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the preparation of fluid bed vinyl acetate catalyst |
| US5665667A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1997-09-09 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the preparation of vinyl acetate catalyst |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6534672B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
| ID24003A (id) | 2000-06-14 |
| NO324572B1 (no) | 2007-11-26 |
| TR199902988A2 (tr) | 2000-07-21 |
| EP1008385A3 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| US6358882B1 (en) | 2002-03-19 |
| NO20052980D0 (no) | 2005-06-17 |
| NO325524B1 (no) | 2008-06-02 |
| KR20000047965A (ko) | 2000-07-25 |
| EP1008385A2 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
| TR199902988A3 (tr) | 2000-07-21 |
| RU2237517C2 (ru) | 2004-10-10 |
| JP2000176285A (ja) | 2000-06-27 |
| NO20052980L (no) | 2000-06-09 |
| UA65569C2 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| CN1178748C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
| TW476668B (en) | 2002-02-21 |
| CN1264621A (zh) | 2000-08-30 |
| NO996008L (no) | 2000-06-09 |
| US20020062039A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
| KR100717093B1 (ko) | 2007-05-10 |
| MY129802A (en) | 2007-04-30 |
| YU63899A (sh) | 2001-09-28 |
| NO996008D0 (no) | 1999-12-07 |
| RS50014B (sr) | 2008-09-29 |
| BR9907490A (pt) | 2001-01-16 |
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