SE9502201L - Metod att flytta resonansfrekvenser för störande svängningsmoder - Google Patents

Metod att flytta resonansfrekvenser för störande svängningsmoder

Info

Publication number
SE9502201L
SE9502201L SE9502201A SE9502201A SE9502201L SE 9502201 L SE9502201 L SE 9502201L SE 9502201 A SE9502201 A SE 9502201A SE 9502201 A SE9502201 A SE 9502201A SE 9502201 L SE9502201 L SE 9502201L
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
sealing unit
oscillation modes
unit
resonant frequencies
sealing
Prior art date
Application number
SE9502201A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
SE503823C2 (sv
SE9502201D0 (sv
Inventor
Magnus Raabe
Original Assignee
Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Publication of SE9502201D0 publication Critical patent/SE9502201D0/sv
Priority to SE9502201A priority Critical patent/SE503823C2/sv
Application filed by Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance filed Critical Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance
Priority to DK96109383T priority patent/DK0748660T3/da
Priority to EP96109383A priority patent/EP0748660B1/en
Priority to AT96109383T priority patent/ATE175901T1/de
Priority to DE69601392T priority patent/DE69601392T2/de
Priority to ES96109383T priority patent/ES2128128T3/es
Priority to US08/662,521 priority patent/US5800671A/en
Priority to CA002178972A priority patent/CA2178972C/en
Priority to AU55978/96A priority patent/AU705345B2/en
Priority to BR9602814A priority patent/BR9602814A/pt
Priority to KR1019960021821A priority patent/KR100228497B1/ko
Priority to CN96110775A priority patent/CN1088632C/zh
Priority to JP15554296A priority patent/JP3749762B2/ja
Priority to ARP960103200A priority patent/AR002513A1/es
Priority to TW085110331A priority patent/TW355174B/zh
Publication of SE9502201L publication Critical patent/SE9502201L/sv
Publication of SE503823C2 publication Critical patent/SE503823C2/sv

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/20—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by fluid pressure acting directly on folds or on opposed surfaces, e.g. using hot-air jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9512—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9513—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/02—Aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
SE9502201A 1995-06-16 1995-06-16 Metod att flytta resonansfrekvenser för störande svängningsmoder SE503823C2 (sv)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9502201A SE503823C2 (sv) 1995-06-16 1995-06-16 Metod att flytta resonansfrekvenser för störande svängningsmoder
DK96109383T DK0748660T3 (da) 1995-06-16 1996-06-12 Fremgangsmåde til styring af resonansfrekvenser for interfererende svingningstilstande
EP96109383A EP0748660B1 (en) 1995-06-16 1996-06-12 A method for steering resonance frequencies of interfering oscillation modes
AT96109383T ATE175901T1 (de) 1995-06-16 1996-06-12 Verfahren um die frequenzen von störenden schwingungsmodi zu verschieben
DE69601392T DE69601392T2 (de) 1995-06-16 1996-06-12 Verfahren um die Frequenzen von störenden Schwingungsmodi zu verschieben
ES96109383T ES2128128T3 (es) 1995-06-16 1996-06-12 Metodo para dirigir frecuencias de resonancia de modos de oscilacion perturbadores.
US08/662,521 US5800671A (en) 1995-06-16 1996-06-13 Ultrasound sealing unit for preventing interference of resonance frequencies of interfering oscillation
CA002178972A CA2178972C (en) 1995-06-16 1996-06-14 Ultrasound sealing unit for preventing interference of resonance frequencies of interfering oscillation
JP15554296A JP3749762B2 (ja) 1995-06-16 1996-06-17 干渉振動モードの共振周波数を抑制する方法
AU55978/96A AU705345B2 (en) 1995-06-16 1996-06-17 A method for steering resonance frequencies of interfering oscillation modes
BR9602814A BR9602814A (pt) 1995-06-16 1996-06-17 Processo de orientar frequências de ressonância de modos de oscilação interferentes
KR1019960021821A KR100228497B1 (ko) 1995-06-16 1996-06-17 간섭 발진방식의 공진주파수 조정방법
CN96110775A CN1088632C (zh) 1995-06-16 1996-06-17 干扰振型的共振频率的调节方法
ARP960103200A AR002513A1 (es) 1995-06-16 1996-06-19 Metodo para dirigir frecuencias de resonancia de modos de oscilaciones interferentes.
TW085110331A TW355174B (en) 1995-06-16 1996-08-24 A method for steering resonance frequencies of interfering oscillation modes in ultrasound sealing units

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9502201A SE503823C2 (sv) 1995-06-16 1995-06-16 Metod att flytta resonansfrekvenser för störande svängningsmoder

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE9502201D0 SE9502201D0 (sv) 1995-06-16
SE9502201L true SE9502201L (sv) 1996-09-16
SE503823C2 SE503823C2 (sv) 1996-09-16

Family

ID=20398648

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE9502201A SE503823C2 (sv) 1995-06-16 1995-06-16 Metod att flytta resonansfrekvenser för störande svängningsmoder

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US5800671A (sv)
EP (1) EP0748660B1 (sv)
JP (1) JP3749762B2 (sv)
KR (1) KR100228497B1 (sv)
CN (1) CN1088632C (sv)
AR (1) AR002513A1 (sv)
AT (1) ATE175901T1 (sv)
AU (1) AU705345B2 (sv)
BR (1) BR9602814A (sv)
CA (1) CA2178972C (sv)
DE (1) DE69601392T2 (sv)
DK (1) DK0748660T3 (sv)
ES (1) ES2128128T3 (sv)
SE (1) SE503823C2 (sv)
TW (1) TW355174B (sv)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69926758T2 (de) * 1998-03-23 2006-03-30 Shikoku Kakoki Co., Ltd. Ultraschall-siegler
US6777856B2 (en) * 2001-08-02 2004-08-17 Kistler Holding Ag Crystal element for piezo sensors
SE524231C2 (sv) * 2002-02-12 2004-07-13 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Ultraljudshorn
DE102004022313B3 (de) * 2004-05-04 2005-10-20 Stapla Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum fluiddichten Dichtschweißen eines Rohrabschnittes
DE102006021492A1 (de) * 2006-05-09 2007-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Einstellen der Resonanzfrequenz eines Schwingungsabschnitts für einen Sensor
EP3205478A1 (en) * 2016-02-10 2017-08-16 Ilapak Italia S.p.A. Ultrasound welding device, in particular for welding flexible packages, optionally made of a plastic material and machine for packaging food products provided with such an ultrasound welding device
CN109186747B (zh) * 2018-08-01 2020-12-01 歌尔光学科技有限公司 测试系统及测试方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2870521A (en) * 1955-02-24 1959-01-27 Gulton Ind Inc Method of adjusting the resonant frequency of a vibrating system
US4131505A (en) * 1977-12-12 1978-12-26 Dukane Corporation Ultra-sonic horn
JPS54100284A (en) * 1978-01-24 1979-08-07 Nec Corp Electrostrictive mechanical oscillator
JPS54113297A (en) * 1978-01-26 1979-09-04 Seiko Epson Corp Tuning fork-type crystal vibrator
US5057182A (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-10-15 Sonokinetics Group Ultrasonic comb horn and methods for using same
SE505864C2 (sv) * 1993-03-19 1997-10-20 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Anordning för ultraljudsförsegling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5800671A (en) 1998-09-01
JP3749762B2 (ja) 2006-03-01
AR002513A1 (es) 1998-03-25
ES2128128T3 (es) 1999-05-01
AU705345B2 (en) 1999-05-20
SE503823C2 (sv) 1996-09-16
BR9602814A (pt) 1998-10-06
JPH092430A (ja) 1997-01-07
KR970001153A (ko) 1997-01-21
SE9502201D0 (sv) 1995-06-16
ATE175901T1 (de) 1999-02-15
DK0748660T3 (da) 1999-09-13
CA2178972A1 (en) 1996-12-17
CN1088632C (zh) 2002-08-07
DE69601392T2 (de) 1999-05-27
CA2178972C (en) 2005-09-27
EP0748660A1 (en) 1996-12-18
EP0748660B1 (en) 1999-01-20
DE69601392D1 (de) 1999-03-04
CN1146537A (zh) 1997-04-02
KR100228497B1 (ko) 1999-11-01
TW355174B (en) 1999-04-01
AU5597896A (en) 1997-01-02

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