CN1088632C - 干扰振型的共振频率的调节方法 - Google Patents

干扰振型的共振频率的调节方法 Download PDF

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CN1088632C
CN1088632C CN96110775A CN96110775A CN1088632C CN 1088632 C CN1088632 C CN 1088632C CN 96110775 A CN96110775 A CN 96110775A CN 96110775 A CN96110775 A CN 96110775A CN 1088632 C CN1088632 C CN 1088632C
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M·拉比
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及调节干扰振型的共振频率的一种方法。本发明应用于这种类型的超声密封装置(1)，该装置(1)具有一驱动装置(2)，此驱动装置中央地设置在可对称地分割密封装置的两平面(8)的交叉点上。密封装置(1)有围绕驱动装置(2)的反作用体(3)和具有长且窄的密封面(5)的角状物(4)。此密封装置有一位于反作用体(3)和角状物(4)之间的节平面，借助固定边(7)密封装置被固定到节面面上。在反作用体(3)中对称地设置凹槽(9)，可调节对密封装置的功能产生不良影响的干扰振型的共振频率。凹槽(9)被设置在干扰振型呈现最大势能处，或者最大位移处。

Description

干扰振型的共振频率的调节方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种超声密封装置干扰振型的共振频率的调节方
法，该超声密封装置有一个被若干反作用体围绕的位于中央的驱
动装置和一个具有长且窄的密封面的角状物。
背景技术：通常，为了密封而使用超声装置。同样，这种方法也可以使
用在灌装机器中用于密封，这种灌装机器将液体食物包装到一次
使用的可弃型包装物中。在这种灌装机器中，包装材料带被制成
一根具有一条重叠的纵向连接缝或封条的管子。这种包装材料带
可以在纸或纸板芯上覆盖各种热塑性塑料层构成，也可以由铝箔
构成。已制成为一根管子的包装材料带被灌装进其打算灌装的东
西，并且这个材料管以规则的重复间隔被横向密封。然后，已灌
装液体的管在横向密封缝处被分割以形成单独的包装件。
    在瑞典专利申请NO.SE9300918-1中描述的超声密封装置专用
于上述类型的灌装机器中的材料管的横向接合密封。这种密封装
置有一个长且窄的密封表面，密封表面的宽度与横向接合密封缝
的宽度相等。为了能得到一条长度足够的横向密封缝，若干密封
装置必须连在一起以构成一个密封设备的组合的完整的装置。
    这样的具有复杂几何形状的超声密封设备在给定工作频率后
就会以一个限定的主振型工作。这个振型应能被密封装置的驱动
装置激发，并且为了能获得均匀的，足够大的用于密封的振幅，
    应不存在与主振型的工作频率太近的干扰振型。
        在生产这些超声密封装置时，可能存在材料的不对称，或者
    在材料加工中出现不对称。这种不对称可以在多至30％的已制成的
    装置中出现。这些不对称引起干扰振型以接近工作频率的共振频
    率振动，这形成不均匀的振幅，继而导致不均匀的密封缝。它们
    进而又导致装置中产生所不希望的应变和应力，这是这种装置使
    用寿命缩短的一个起作用的因素。密封装置的效率程度被干扰振
    型进一步降低了。
发明内容：本发明的一个目的是获得一种调节干扰型型的共振频率的方
    法，该干扰振型引起上述的麻烦。使用本发明的方法可以改变干
    扰振型的共振频率，所以该振型不再成为干扰成份。
        本发明的另一目的是保证所制造的百分之百的密封装置是有
    效的并且发挥令人满意的作用。
        按照本发明，这些目的和其它的目的通过对本文介绍的那种
    类型的方法给出的特征达到了，这些特征是，在反作用体上设置
    对称的槽，槽设置在干扰振型呈现最大势能或最大位移的地方。
        本发明的较佳实施例进一步给出了在所属权利要求中记载的
    特征。
附图说明：下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的一个较佳实施例。
          图1是本发明方法打算用于其上的超声密封装置的透视图。
          图2是表示按照本发明的一个密封装置的示意图。
          图3是表示对称振动反射的示意图。
          图4是表示非对称振动反射的示意图。
具体实施方式：图1是本发明方法打算用于其上的超声密封装置的透视图。这种超声装置1的长度仅为波长的一半，原因是，其将使用灌装机器中仅留的非常有限的有效空间。这样，不必进行任何大的重新设计和重新构造，密封装置1就可使用在目前的灌装机器中。这种灌装机器用来将液体食物装进一次性使用的可弃型包装物中。一条包装材料带(由纸或纸板与各种热塑性塑料层构成的分层带或铝箔)在灌装机器中成形为一根管，该管被灌装想要灌装的东西。沿液体管横向，材料带被横向密封，并且材料带用横向密封缝密封以形成单独的包装件，为了横向密封操作，这种密封装置1已经作了改进。
图1所示的超声密封装置1包括一个与一交流电源(未示出)相连的位于中央的驱动装置2。此驱动装置2中央地设置在可对称地分割密封装置1的两平面(见图2)的交叉点上。驱动装置2被对称设置的反作用体3围绕。密封装置1还包括一个其末端为一长且窄的密封面5的角状物4。密封面5的宽度与横向接合密封缝的宽度相等。为了横向接合密封缝达到预定长度，若干上述密封装置1必须组合在一起形成超声密封设备的一个完整装置。密封装置的节平面6(在该平面装置1的振幅为零)将位于角状物4和反作用体3之间。节平面6具有一固定边7，装置1在固定边7处被固定到灌装机器上。反作用体3的作用是引起反向振动以补偿当角状物4振动时出现的力。
具有上述复杂几何形状的超声密封装置1可有许多不同的振型，并且每个振型有一特定的共振频率。为了装置1能够令人满意地工作，一个具有限定的工作频率的，特定的主振型或工作振型必须与其余的振型隔离。此工作振型应在全部密封面5上给出均匀的足够大的振幅以实现均匀可靠的密封，并且给出明确的节平面6使装置1可在固定边7处被固定。它不应在材料或结构中产生过高应力，并且驱动装置2必须能激发这个工作振型。
用有限元方法(FEM，即Finite Element Method)计算，可以确定密封装置1的所有不同振型的形态以及这些振型的共振频率。如图2所示密封装置、有两个对称平面8，在两平面内均可产生如图3所示的对称的反射S及如图4所示的不对称的反射A。结果在两对称平面8内可产生4种不同情况，SS、AS、SA和AA。图3和图4都示出反作用体3的振动的非常简单的例子。密封装置1在0到40KHz之间可有35种之多的不同振型。
主振型或工作振型应是SS型。这是所希望得到的并且尽可能远离其它振型的振型。特别是，除SS型的其它振型必须隔开至少是±5KHz的距离。为了保证在使用超声密封装置1时达到所需的可靠的密封，必须持续检查在工作振型的频率±10KHz范围内出现的所有振型。
因为制造密封装置1的材料中或材料的加工过程中可产生不对称，AS，SA和AA振型便会产生。由于这些振型与工作振型相隔±1KHz，所以也会产生干扰。振型越接近，产生的干扰就越大。这些干扰振型产生不均匀的振幅，导致不均匀的密封。最坏的结果是，干扰振型能与工作振型相比更占优势并且最终将不能产生密封。另外，干扰振型在材料和结构中产生所不希望产生的应力，缩短密封装置1的使用寿命。结果，因为能量损耗(作为热量消耗)，这些干扰振型将降低密封装置1使用效果。
一种振型有若干最大势能和若干最大位移。为了能改变干扰振型的共振频率，必须选择一个与主振型或工作振型的任何势能或位移的最大值都不重合的最大值。主振型最好在势能或位移最小处进行改动。
为了避免这些干扰振型产生干扰，按照本发明可调节干扰振型的共振频率，使其不再引起干扰。这通过在密封装置1上的反作用体3中设置凹槽9来实现。凹槽9必须对称的设置和构成。凹槽9设置在有最大势能(不希望有的振型出现最大扭曲)处，与此同时，工作振型不应改变其特性或偏离工作频率。另一可供选择的方案是，对称的凹槽或斜面槽设置在干扰振型产生最大位移处。在这种情况下，主振型同样不应改变特性或偏离工作频率。如果在主振型展现很小势能和较小位移处作上述改动，主振型将保持其特性和共振频率。
改变凹槽9的深度，宽度和长度可改变位移距离。如果存在几个干扰振型，就必须为每一个振型在每一边设置凹槽9。另一可供选择的方案是，将几个不同的干扰振型的最大势能或最大位移重叠，为此振型仅设置在每一边一个共同的凹槽9。
通过在反应体3内(一特定势能最大处)设置凹槽9，此振型的刚度被减弱。一个物体的质量和刚度分布决定了该物体可能呈现的振型。也可以这样说，一特定的振型有一特定的刚度和质量惯性。各个具有最大势能的区域构成振型的刚度，而各个具有最大位移的区域构成振型的质量惯性。如果一种振型的刚度减弱，它的共振频率降低，而如果刚度增强，它的共振频率增高。相应地，减小一种振型的质量惯性，则提高它的共振频率，而增加其质量惯性则降低其共振频率。
在本案中，假如主振型的工作频率在适当工作阶段可增至1KHz，改变干扰振型的共振频率至较低水平是有利的。假如减小刚度与增加质量相比措施更简单的话，则更愿意选择前者。
按本发明，在反作用体3中设置凹槽9，在调节干扰振型的同时，必须检查是否影响了其它振型以确保它们不变成干扰振型。这些已实施的措施(即设置凹槽9)简单易行并能保持调节效果，是极端重要的。
从前面的描述可明显的看出，本发明涉及的超声密封装置1的调节干扰共振频率的方法，使密封装置1可制出一条均匀而且可靠的槽向接合密封缝。这种方法还减小了密封装置1的材料和结构中的所不希望的应力和应变。
不应认为本发明仅限于上述内容和在附图中表示的内容，不脱离所附的权利要求的精神和范围可产生许多变型。

Claims (5)

1.一种超声密封装置干扰振型的共振频率的调节方法，该超声密封装置(1)有一被若干反作用体(3)围绕的位于中央的驱动装置(2)和一个具有长且窄的密封面(5)的角状物(4)，其特征在于，在反作用体(3)中对称地设置凹槽(9)，所述的凹槽(9)被设置在干扰振型呈现最大势能处或最大位移处。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，频率的移动距离取决于凹槽(9)的深度，宽度和长度。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，共振频率的调节意味着一干扰振型的移动，该干扰振型的刚度被减小以便实现该移动。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，干扰共振频率在频率范围内朝低值移动。
5.如前述任一权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，干扰共振频率至少移动1KHz。
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