SE438602B - GAS CLEANER, INCLUDING AN ENGINE AND ONE OF THIS DRIVE ROTOR - Google Patents

Description

79oo462¿s »Ä In the gas purifier according to the invention it passes for purification intended gas stream not the filter, but its surfaces are brought in intimate contact with the gas stream to retain those in the gas SHS parked the particles. Gas purification and ventilation come, however, by the same means, viz. through the shape and arrangement many of the rotor surfaces. This assembly works like a radial fan but which in addition has the ability to clean the bypass current mande gasen.

This assembly, in particular the rotor, purifies the air by sorption} We denote the object of this new way of use known adsorption phenomena with "rotor adsorbent", a real adsorbents whose action depends on the physical, physical, chemical or chemical bonding forces. The most famous adsorbent The solvent is charcoal which adsorbs toxic gases and odors.

In scientific encyclopedias, adsorption is defined as a process in which a powdery or porous solid on its surface it occupies molecules of gaseous or liquid phases in contact with the surface. This physico-chemical phenomenon has adsorption, from the Latin "ad", to, and "sorbere", suction, unlike absorption, which is not an interface phenomenon. The solid is called the adsorbent and the gas or the liquid adsorbate. The adsorbent can be solid or liquid and the adsorbate gaseous, liquid, present lie in solution or even in suspension. It seems as if so far not much attention has been paid to sorption phenomenon in the case of solids on solid matter or liquid on solid. The filter rotor according to the invention is also fulfills these two functions effectively.

In hydromechanics, the "boundary layer theory" has been known since the last century; This theory refers to a viscous liquid movement at high Reynolds numbers. Inside the boundary layer, which is one liquid layer in contact with a moving body (or transversely if), there may be an area of laminar or turbocharged slow herring. the transition from laminar to turbulent current occurs when Reynolds' speech reaches its critical value.

According to the invention, the consequences of the turbulent are exploited the state of flow where the liquid particles or gas molecules disordered flow paths follow due to frictional forces 3 7900462-8 between the liquid or gas and the solid walls of the see. In the case of turbulent flow, the liquid or gas undergoes flow rate is constantly changing at every point in the as the flow direction changes. This resort movement of the liquid or gas masses favors an excellent contact between the fluid and the solid adsorbent surfaces. The in the gas suspended the solid or liquid particles sticks better to the surrounding solid surfaces the coarser the more these surfaces are.

Until now, it has not been possible to theoretically set the exact shape of the resistance law for the turbulent the boundary layer. For this purpose, the results of the searches performed with the laminar boundary layer, as well as various simplification hypotheses. The newer calculation methods for it the turbulent boundary layer is therefore semi-empirical and their accuracy depends on the authenticity of the test provided. material to be used as a basis for calculating the speed distribution of the frictional resistances. Previously, one has with some exceptions when trying to avoid turbulent movements at the contact of solids in motion in a gaseous fluid (or vice versa), while the object of the invention is to create turbulent movements to take advantage of one so far unused power: filtration of gaseous fluids through physical chemical adsorption, or chemical adsorption, or both simultaneously when the material of the adsorbent rotor is impregnated with a chemical reagent whose catalytic effect is chemically converted the pollutants suspended in the gas. This chemical adsorption phenomenon is also called "chemisorption".

At start-up, the rotor sucks in the contaminated gas then, it purifies by adsorption and blows it out as purified gas.

The rotor can work freely in the air like a standard axial fan and thereby effecting a convection movement of the surrounding the air, a closed-circuit ventilation during continuous purification of the air in the room in which the fan is located. The rotor can also be enclosed in a hood and suck in polluted air from one room and blow out the purified air in another room. Measuring performed on a chromic acid aerosol, has given purification effects aV_ on average 92.8 - 98.5% after a single passage 7900462-8 ä * of polluted air through the hood of an equipped air purifier with different constructions of the adsorption rotor.

The material in the rotor should preferably be rough.

It can be a material that is fibrous, rigid or soft, woven or agglomerated, embossed, ribbed or cellular.

The material can also be impregnated or coated with a chemical reagent capable of reacting with gas pollutants (chemisorption) or odorants in the gas for purification the fluid which one wishes to collect and remove, or turned, fragrances that you want to release into the purified air.

The adsorbent material can, if desired or show necessarily be treated with a fire retardant when reacting the pollution is too violent or the gas formation the miga fluid is at a critical temperature.

A deflection surface in the form of a cylinder or truncated cone can be placed around the cleaner's rotor to divert it off the rotor generated the gas flow upwards and / or downwards towards the base.

The cylindrical surface is formed of a rigid material which may be smooth but which is preferably rough, grooved, embossed, cellular or pleated. IN Several cylindrical or annular surfaces may be located in series to impose it as a solid obstacle from the rotor outgoing gas flow a new turbulence and / or to divert the gas flow. The desired goal is that all the particles suspended in the rotor transported by the rotor the gas stream must be brought into contact with one of those on it grooves placed adsorbent surfaces. This makes it possible to 100% separate smoke, aerosols, soot, pollen and dust particles with sizes all the way down to a few tens of micrometers and fixing them on the adsorbent surfaces.

Like the rotor, it may or may not be The cylindrical surfaces are also impregnated or coated a chemical reagent to neutralize those with the aspirated the gaseous fluid mixed the gases. You can moisten the ring shaped surfaces and thereby moisten the air that will hit and sweep past the surfaces. In this way it is supplemented purification with a wetting of the gas transported by the rotor late. The surfaces can also be impregnated or coated with fumigants, fire retardants, insecticides, to meet _ m ... .___.> -_._.____... ~ .. ...........__.- -. ..- 5 7900462-8 corresponding functions. You can also make them in metal and mount them as an attachment for refrigeration systems.

The accompanying drawings show a number of embodiments mv! of a qanruunru unligi uppilnningun.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a first embodiment of a gas purifier in the form of an adsorption rotor, Fig. 2 is a sectional view along the line II-II in Fig. 3, Fig. 3 shows the cleaner according to Figs. 1 and 2 seen from above. side, Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a cleaner with a cover that carries a stationary reindeer part on each side sides of an adsorption rotor, Fig. 5 shows the cleaner according to Fig. 4 seen from the top, Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of a cleaner with adsorption rotor, and Fig. 7 is a side view of one fifth embodiment of a cleaner.

The cleaner shown in Figs. 1-3 consists of a rotor 1 which is formed by two fan-shaped pleated round discs 2 and 3 arranged along a common axis of rotation 4. The pleated the disc 3 is flat and attached to a round bottom disc 5, and the disc the periphery of the vane 2 is connected to the periphery of the flat disk 3 forming side openings 6 serving as outflow holes from the rotor 1. The bottom disc 5, the disc 3 and the disc 2, which have the shape of a truncated cone, has a central opening 7 and 8 serving as intake opening. The pleated conical disc 2 held together by a string 9 which prevents it from opening at the rotation of the rotor 1. The bottom plate 5 is provided with non-viable said fastener for fastening to a plate not shown either which is arranged to be driven around by a motor. They did not show the fasteners on the disc 5 may be "Velcro" tape, self-adhesive bands, clamps or the like. The central opening in the ski van 3 is omitted if the cleaner 1 is attached to a plate as required. written above, The pleated discs 2 and 3 of the rotor 1 are each formed from a rectangular strip of thin material with a rough surface, which strip is folded in the same way as an accordion in width the direction of the formation of a series of successive the parallel folds, the two end folds being connected end towards the end to form the pleated circle. 79uo462-s 1 g D W The material used to form the pleated skis must have a rigid and as rough surface as possible, e.g. blotting paper, materials with compressed fibers or surfaces covered drawn with an agglomerate with elevations or containing holes and tips, which can retain the particles in suspension in the gas intended for purification as the latter sweeps over these surfaces. ' The drive motor (not shown) for the rotor 1 can drive it on various means which do not adversely affect the adsorption ability. The preferred method is to use adhesive tape. attach the rotor to the bottom plate 5 with the same diameter as the tower and concentric with the motor shaft. Thanks to the rotor 1 ease, the motor can be placed in any position without the rotor detaches from the plate connected to the motor shaft. Adsorp- The rotors can thus be replaced without tools.

The adsorbent effect of the rotor inserts in that the rotor started. The rotational speed must be adapted to the of the material selected for the construction of the rotor 1 and its quality. However, it must be sufficient high to cause turbulence in the gas around and inside the rotor the current which is automatically circulated in the arrows 10 and 11 (Fig. 2) directions. When starting the rotor, a negative pressure is created at the upper center of the rotor (opening 8 in Figs. 1-3) with suction of ambient air along the surface of the rotor outer wall, as well as to the interior of the rotor, along the upper gene and the circular pleated bottom disc (disc 3 in Fig. 2).

The air sucked into the rotor's internal air is blown out through the the action of the bird force through the openings shown in Figs. 1-3 6 at the periphery of the rotor. As the air flows closer the periphery of the rotor increases its speed by a reduced static pressure (Bernoulli's equation).

The height h shown in Fig. 2 is kept constant by the same holding the ring 9 at the upper part of it to a cone 2 pleated wall. This is in turn attached to its periphery the circular pleated bottom plate 3 of the rotor by means of hooks, stitches, glues, etc., forming the outflow openings 6.

The circular bottom plate 5 is rigid and can be cut in the same material as discs 2 and 3. These discs can also be are formed by unfolded surfaces of rotation or planes. The -. <--.__.-. y _.__..... f; 7900462-8 the pleated shape increases the turbulence of the gas and enlarges the rotor active surface, which favors the deposition of pollutants on the walls of the rotor.

As mentioned above, the pleated bottom plate or the the upper pleated cone 2 or 3 is easily made of a rectangular learned band consisting of a thin, accordion-like manner pleated material with rough or embossed surfaces.

Several cones can be arranged one above the other cone centrally with the motor shaft (not shown in Figs. 1-3) to enlarge the contact surfaces of the material with the gas circulating between lan the walls arranged one above the other. You can let one pleated cone alternate with a smooth cone or just use pleated ade or smooth cones. In any case, the however, not the gas through the conical or flat walls but sweeps only over the walls during turbulent flow, ie. with a speed higher than the critical speed, below which laminar flow would prevail.

Two conical rotors identical to that of Figs. 1-3 shown, can be attached with their backs to each other to form one single rotor with two opposing air intakes and one parallel peripheral outlet for the purified air. Through this construction which comprises three discs, one of which is flat and the other two each disc together with the adjacent one the disc limits an outlet for air, which tapers towards the peri- ferin, the amount of air sucked in by a single rotor is doubled without thereby significantly increasing the space requirement of the cleaner. IN some applications for air purification in rooms with high ceilings can This design proves useful as it improves the directing of the spoiled air towards that hanging from the ceiling the cleaner. Such a design is close to the person skilled in the art not shown in the drawing.

The described truncated conical shape of the rotor 1 increases appreciably the volume flow and turbulence of the intake gas are comparable led with a flat rotor, while the rotor ensures a better contact between the gas and the walls. By including end a pleated and a flat rotor in a stationary double conical cover, you achieve the same dynamic effects.

Figs. 4 and 5 show an embodiment of a cleaner where a weekly ad rotor 12 is mounted at the periphery of a motor 13 which has 7900462-s v _g external rotor 14 and whose shaft 15 is stationary and provided with a suspension loop 16.

A cover 17 rigidly connected to the stationary motor shaft 17 is constructed in two parts, a smaller part 18 being detachable. bar at 19 for rotor and ring replacement 25 and 26 (see below).

The cover is made of metal or molded plastic and provided with one upper 22 and a lower air intake 23 for the polluted air which to be cleaned, and peripheral outflow openings 24 for the nade the air. The inner walls 20, 21 of the cover may be lined with pleated rings 25, 26 of the same or similar material as the adsorption rotor 12 to increase the turbulence of the air stream and contribute to air purification by retaining air on its surfaces the pollutants. These parts are releasably mounted on the cover interior walls using clamps, staples or others do not shown means and can be replaced when saturated with contaminants nings.

The rotor 12 forms with the stationary pleated ring discs 25, 26 tapered circular channels for the polluted gas, wherein the upper part of the rotor 12 and the disc 25, respectively the lower part of the rotor 12 and the disc 26, each form a device similar to that shown in Figs. 1-3, with the only difference that the discs 25 and 26 are stationary.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 6, the adsorption rotor 30 consists of a bottom plate 31 of, for example, sheet metal and an upper plate 32, also that of sheet metal, which form an upwardly open stem. pad which delimits a central air intake 33. In the case of disc 32, 33 periphery of the nose, a stack 34 of annular sheets is held With rough surface and spaced spacers 36 by means of needles 37. The inner surfaces of the discs 31, 32 are coated with one rough layer 38 of bonded or woven fibers.

The adsorption rotor 30 is located on the outside of the bottom plate 31. seen with fasteners not shown for attachment to a plate which driven by a motor (not shown). In order to increase the capacity of the rotor according to Fig. 6 would of course be a second central air intakes can be arranged on the bottom plate, or the cleaner is provided with a plurality of discs having a truncated conical shape of the like strokes shown in Figs. 1-3. The discs 31 and 32 can likewise be formed of a pleated material whose surfaces can also be treated in the manner described. The respective discs and 7900462-8 can also be made of flat sheets, with the dust as with the time agglomerates on the surfaces gives these the coveted raw structure.

The advantage of the embodiment according to Fig. 6 is that it in combines the advantages of the conical adsorption rotor with the advantages of the single rotor with several annular layers: - large adsorption area - excellent contact with the gas intended for purification easy to impregnate for adsorption of gases on chemical route (chemisorption) - as a variant, neutralization of troublesome odor through cut rings of sheets of paper such as impregnated with activated carbon - or in another variant, neutralization of odor by spreading perfume scent from the perfume-impregnated rings.

In summary, the central (conical) part of the rotor sucks the purified gas with a large volume flow and rela- high pressure (20-30 mm v.p.) and frees it from dust, aerosols, soot, pollen etc, and the impregnated annular the part completes this purification by chemically neutralizing toxic gases that may still be present in the gas.

The chemical impregnation is not excluded but does little benefit when the annular part is chemically impregnated to neutralize toxic gases passing through the cleaner.

In the embodiment 50 shown in Fig. 7, two weeks the conical discs 51, 52 are bonded together at the peripheral while forming side openings 53 for the gas outflow.

The pleated discs can be connected to each other using brackets or by gluing in the contact points. Mounted by the two discs 51, 52 could alternatively be produced of a single in advance to form the side openings 53 holes punched and pleated rectangular sheet. Those with the folds parallel the short sides are joined together to form a pleated cylinder, whose ends are finally laced together to form the one in Fig. 7 showed the rotor.

The upper end of the pleated disc 51 is provided with a collar 54 for the rotor mounting on the drive shaft 55 of a motor (not shown). '7900462-8 _ ..._..___...___._. 10 At the rotation of the rotor 50, ambient air is sucked into the arrows 56 direction and is blown out through the openings 53 as shown by arrows 57. The air flow passing through the rotor sweeps thus over the surfaces of the pleated conical discs 51 and 52 so that the particles suspended in the air stream can deposit themselves on these. Similarly, the air is brought outside the rotor to flow along the conical discs 51, The embodiment of the rotor shown in Fig. 7 52 exteriors such as sas with arrows 581 50 has the advantage that the pleated rotor takes before use very little space is required. It then exists in the form of a double fan that takes up minimal volume during storage and transportation. When the rotor is to be put into use then only remains to staple or glue together the opposite edges.

In the embodiment of Fig. 7, the rotor 50 has only one single air intake or an air intake opening located at bottom. axeln 5 distributed sticks - however, it is also possible to arrange By appropriate mounting of the collar 54 on the engine 9 - e.g. using three around the periphery of the shaft evenly an air intake to the interior of the rotor through its upper collar 54, each through the rotor can work with two air intakes, one at the top and the other at the bottom. In addition, it is possible to perform the outflow openings 53 provide deflection surface pleated or smooth, such as an annular cylindrical surface (not shown), which is arranged concentrically with and on a which can be stand from the rotor to act as a direction-changing surface for the gas stream formed at the periphery of the rotor.

For the production of the flat, pleated, conical or use annular or otherwise shaped discs the material should preferably have a coarse structure. Same as materials can also be used for the annular sheets and deflectors. surfaces. Bonded or nonwoven fibrous materials are special If these materials are to be susceptible to impregnation bacterial useful. nering, e.g. with chemicals, perfumes, insecticides, cider or just with water, then you do not just choose a material with a rough surface without one that is at the same time also sorbent. The absorbent nature of these materials is however, not necessary if they are to be impregnated with They can also be coated by spraying aerosols. d a solution ning.

H 7900462-8 The materials of which the rotor or rings are made, can be impregnated with any natural or chemical product and this can be done by simple wetting with water or by action by chemical means (eg a basic substance in place to fix the acidic products formed during oxidation of the purifications in the gases intended for purification), metal oxides (e.g. activated manganese dioxide, MnO2, which may or may not contain keep potassium permanganate); paper incorporated into the fibrous material activated charcoal, non-combustible, perfumed paper or smiles fabric. The materials can therefore be selected specifically for to suit the specific chemical pollution to be neutralized seras. However, which chemical impregnation is chosen will to retain dust and aerosols, which vary from minimum take size (eg tobacco smoke) to an upper limit, which is one function of a centrifugal force applied to those in the liquid, to be purified, the particles suspended (probably 100 n at the commonly used speeds, i.e. between 200 and 1500 rpm per minute).

The adsorption purifiers described above are in principle not limited to the dimensions of the structure. The larger the diameter the larger the adsorbent surface and the larger the re becomes the volume flow of the gas sucked through the purifier. The disturbing the slope of the folds formed in the material is, the re becomes the speed at which the gas is sucked in. The higher the speed at which the rotor operates, the greater the volume flow that, if the other parameters are equal.

Claims (12)

7900462-8 m PATENT REQUIREMENTS Gas purifier, comprising a motor and a rotor driven by it, characterized in that the rotor (1, 12, 30, 50) consists of at least two spaced apart round discs (2, 3; 31, 32; 51, 52) with a common axis of rotation or symmetry, at least one of the discs being driven by the motor, that at least one disc (2) has the shape of a cone, that the distance between the two discs (2, 3) at the rotor (1) the periphery is smaller than the distance at the center, and that a central circular suction opening (7, 8) is arranged on at least one disc. Gas cleaner according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the discs is pleated. 3. A gas cleaner according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor comprises three round discs, one of which is flat and the other two conical, each disc with its adjacent disc defining an outlet tapering towards the periphery. "Gas purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (2, 3; 31, 32; 51, 52) of the rotor are fixedly connected to each other at the periphery to form one or more openings (6; 36; 53). 5. A gas cleaner according to claim 4, characterized in that a stack of annular blades (34) is arranged at the periphery of the discs (31, 32) in front of the outlet opening and connected to the discs. 6. A gas cleaner according to claim 1, characterized in that the two discs are conically shaped and are arranged with the narrow ends facing each other. Gas purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular rigid deflection surface (43) encloses the rotor (40, 41) parallel to the axis of rotation. Gas cleaner according to claim 7, characterized in that the annular surface is cylindrical or frustoconical. 9. A gas cleaner according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the round discs or annular blades or deflection surfaces consist of a material which has surface unevenness. ..._. ~ .., _._.__...-.._ 13 79110462-3 10. -recognizes that the boards or deflection surfaces are pleated and ad- Gas cleaner according to claims 1-8, made of an agglomerated, woven or non-woven fibrous material. 11. The fact that the discs consist of a material with cellular, gas purifiers according to claim 1, characterized by grooved or embossed surfaces. The round discs or annular blades according to claim 5 or 10, characterized in that the deflection surfaces are soaked or coated with a chemical reagent capable of binding undesirable constituents in the gas to be purified. . .13. in that the chemical reagent is active manganese dioxide or a gas purifier according to claim 12, characterized by mixing it with potassium permanganate. 14. Because the chemical reagent is a basic substance with a gas purifier according to claim 12, it has the ability to bind acidic oxidation products of impurities in the gas to be purified. 15. n a d a v that the rotor enclosing annular surface is Gas Cleaner according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by a porous material. 16. t he c k a a d a d that the rotor, the annular surfaces and the gas purifier according to claim 1, 5 or 7, the deflection surfaces are replaceable parts intended to be discarded after use.