SA07280552B1 - تركيبة عزل مثبتة لكبلات ذات فولتية متوسطة وعالية - Google Patents
تركيبة عزل مثبتة لكبلات ذات فولتية متوسطة وعالية Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SA07280552B1 SA07280552B1 SA07280552A SA07280552A SA07280552B1 SA 07280552 B1 SA07280552 B1 SA 07280552B1 SA 07280552 A SA07280552 A SA 07280552A SA 07280552 A SA07280552 A SA 07280552A SA 07280552 B1 SA07280552 B1 SA 07280552B1
- Authority
- SA
- Saudi Arabia
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- tert
- butyl
- bis
- esters
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 3
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZNDQCACFUJAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyltridecan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZNDQCACFUJAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FSEJJKIPRNUIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-octadecanoyloxypropyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)(CO)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FSEJJKIPRNUIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims 8
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- WZUNUACWCJJERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)(CO)CO WZUNUACWCJJERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910019567 Re Re Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XAQHXGSHRMHVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].[S] Chemical compound [S].[S] XAQHXGSHRMHVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 101150006257 rig-4 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 240000005572 Syzygium cordatum Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000006650 Syzygium cordatum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 9
- BJFLSHMHTPAZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound [CH]1C=CC=C2N=NN=C21 BJFLSHMHTPAZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(SC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000006193 alkinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KXPXKNBDCUOENF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(Octylthio)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCCO KXPXKNBDCUOENF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylsulfanylethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCO ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dimethylheptane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC(O)O)(C)C CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical class C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940113165 trimethylolpropane Drugs 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(SC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(octadecyldisulfanyl)octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLUKQUGVTITNSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SLUKQUGVTITNSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTNISGZEGZHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-$l^{1}-oxidanyloxy-2-methylpropane Chemical group CC(C)(C)O[O] YKTNISGZEGZHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRDXTHSSNCTAGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1C1CCCCC1 KRDXTHSSNCTAGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBIXXCXCZOZFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)N1C1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 FBIXXCXCZOZFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C(=O)NN SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- CVVFFUKULYKOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-4-propan-2-yloxyaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 CVVFFUKULYKOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMXRBCGZTVENAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)aniline Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMXRBCGZTVENAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYLGUNUDTDWXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-prop-2-enylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NYLGUNUDTDWXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHJCZOMOUCUAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MHJCZOMOUCUAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RNVAPPWJCZTWQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 RNVAPPWJCZTWQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTTIENRNNNJCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl n-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)NC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NTTIENRNNNJCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068886 polyethylene glycol 300 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-HOSYLAQJSA-N pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)[15NH]1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-HOSYLAQJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M sodium ricinoleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylsulfanyl]acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CSCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0075—Antistatics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/37—Thiols
- C08K5/375—Thiols containing six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
- H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Abstract
الملخص يتعلق الاختراع الحالي بتركيبة تشتمل على ما يلي: أ) polyethylene ، ب) مضاد فينولي للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant يحتوي على كبريت sulfur ، ج ) عامل انتقال مانع للكهربية الساكنة migrating antistatic agent ، و د) فوق أكسيد عضوي organic peroxide . وتكون التركيبة مفيدة لتحضير polyethylene مرتبط تشابكيا crosslinked كمادة عزل لكبل cable insulation يعمل بفولتية متوسطة وعالية medium and high voltage ذات مقاومة محسنة لتفريعات الماء water tree .
Description
د ا تركيبة عزل مثبتة لكبلات ذات فولتية متوسطة وعالية Stabilized medium and high voltage insulation composition الوصف الكامل خلفية الاختراع يتعلق الاختراع الحالي بتركيبات تشتمل على polyethylene ؛ ومضاد فينولي للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant يحتوي على كبريت sulfur + وعامل انتقال مانع للكهربية الساكنة migrating Cus «antistatic agent يتم اختيار العامل المضاد للاستاتيكية المتنقل migrating antistatic agent © من مجموعة تتألف من alkylamines معالجة ب dialkylamines ٠ ethoxylated ethoxylated معالجة ب alkyl sulfonates « glycidyl ester ¢ polyglycerol esters « diethanol amides sorbitan esters » pentaerythritol esters للأحماض الدهنية fatty acids أو مخاليط منهاء وفوق أكسيد عضوي organic peroxide - وتكون تلك التركيبات مفيدة في تحضير polyethylene متشابك الارتباط Jie Jie كابلات cables insulation ٠ وكبلات فولتية عالية high voltage cables ذات مقاومة محسنة لتفريعات الماء water tree . يكون من المعروف أن الكابلات المعزولة insulated cables ذات الفولتية المتوسطة والعالية Medium and high voltage تعاني من عمر استهلاك قصير عندما يتم تركيبها في وسط ما يكون العزل فيه معرضا celal على سبيل المثال؛ تحت الأرض أو أماكن ذات رطوبة high Ade humidity + ويكون السبب ely هذا العمر القصير راجع إلى تكوين تفريعات الماء التي تحدث Vo عندما تكون مادة بوليمرية polymeric material معرضة إلى مجال كهربائي electrical field على مدى فترةٍ زمنية طويلة في وجود ماء في صورة سائلة أو بخار. ومن المعتقد أن تكوين الماء يكون
Y — — يسبب تفاعل معقد من مجال كهربائي لتيار متردد ‘ أو رطوبة أو عامل الوقت 3 أو وجود ions . Jia, النتيجة المترتبة على ذلك في التخفيض في المقاومة الكهربائية للعزل. وتكشف البراءة الأمريكية رقم Yo —TAT4440 عن JS قدرة كهربائية معزول electric power cable insulated بتركيبة polyethylene تتسم بمقاومة محسنة لتفريعات الماء water tree . وتشتمل التركيبة )١(
© على polyethylene « و( (Y مركب :
4.4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5- methylphenol) and 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)
أو خليط من المركبات المذكورة ¢ و( ؟) polyethylene glycol يتسم بوزن جزيئي في مدى يتراوح من حوالي ١ “ee إلى حوالي ف هف ١ LCE .
٠ وتكشف البراءة الأمريكية رقم Yoo 7/487 EE عن تركيبة polyethylene للاستخدام كعزل للسلك وكبل يتسم بمقاومة شديدة وتشتمل التركيبة على (أ) polyethylene ؛ (ب) ومثبط قوي يتسم بنقطة انصهار أدنى من .5 مم عند الضغط الجوي» و (ج) فوق أكسيد عضوي organic peroxide . وتكشف الوثيقة J لأوروبية رقم 8 ٠6 j عن تركييات شبه موصلة بأساس من
polyethylene glycol ٠ و polyolefin و carbon black ¢ حيث يمكن لهذه التركيبات أن تشتمل من بين أشياء أخرى على عوامل ترابط عرضية؛ di-a-cumyl peroxide Jie ومضادات الأكسدة antioxidants ء 4,4’-thio-bis-(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (fis . كما تكشف الوثيقة الأمريكية رقم FEE EY عن تركيات بوليمرية التي تشتمل على نحوٍ ضروري على خليط متجانس من راتينج ala اصطناعي عضوي بوليمري لدن pall 501:0
— ¢ _— synthetic organic polymeric thermoplastic resin وتفريعات ملئية water-treeing و مثبط تفرع كهربائي electrical treeing متضمن بشكل أساسي Uaeashydrocarboxyalkoxy silane دهني fatty acid بذرات الكربون تتراوح من ٠١ إلى Yo غير مشبعة أو مشبعة ب aryl غير أن التركيبات المعروفة لتحضير polyethylene متشابك الارتباط Jie عزل الكبل cable insulation © لكبلات ذات فولتية متوسطة وعالية medium and high voltage تتميز بمقاومة تفرع الماء لا تلبي تماما من كل ناحية المتطلبات العالية التي يكون من المطلوب أن توفيها مادة العزل. وعلى وجه الخصوص الاستخدام المشترك لل polyethylene glycol يسبب مشكلة بثق exudation لمادة العزل. ولقد تبين الآن أن استبدال polyethylene glycol بعامل انتقال مانع للكهربية الساكنة migrating antistatic agent ٠ يعمل على تحسين ثبات عزل الكبل cable insulation بالنسبة للكبلات ذات الفولتية المتوسطة والعالية Medium and high voltage ضد تفريعات الماء water tree . الوصف العام للاختراع ولهذا السبب يقدم الاختراع الحالي تركيبة تشتمل على ما يلي: أ( polyethylene « ١ ب مضاد فينولي للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant يحتوي على كبريت sulfur ¢ ج ) عامل انتقال ale للكهربية الساكنة migrating antistatic agent » حيث يتم اختيار العامل المضاد للاستاتيكية المتتقل antistatic agent 111801108 من مجموعة تتألف من alkylamines معالجة ب dialkylamines ethoxylated « ethoxylated معالجة ب polyglycerol esters «
— QO -— diethanol sorbitan esters « pentaerythritol esters « alkyl sulfonates « glycidyl ester أو مخاليط منها ¢ و fatty acids للأحماض الدهنية 5 . organic peroxide د فوق أكسيد عضوي الذي يحتوي phenolic antioxidant على نحو مفضل» يكون العامل المضاد للأكسدة الفينولي
JI على مركب له الصيغة ]» أو 11 أو © بان R
R, CH; S—R, Rs Ry Rw Ry 0 po -s-{ yor (In
R,
CHyS—R, Re Rs
R, 1 HO R, 3 lly - © OH Ris وم Cs- ؛ أو alkenyl ؛ أو بحيث يكون هناك استبدال ب وو0-0 alkyl تكون عبارة عن وو0-0 Ry به استبدال ب وو0-ر؛ tolyl أو phenyl ؛ أى cycloalkyl أو و-من ¢ alkinyl و ٠ ¢ phenyl مع ¢ alkyl C1-Cs وتكون دخ و و على نحو مستقل عن بعضهما البعض عبارة عن أو ي0-00-5- بها استبدال ب و0- acetyl أو » formyl أو « cyano أى » hydroxyl أى « hydroxyl أو مع ¢ cycloalkyl Cs-Cy sf « alkinyl مت-ت f « alkinyl C,-Cao si alkyl أو ‘ phenyl أى
- N= 4-chlorophenyl, 2-methoxycarbonylphenyl. p-tolyl, 1.3-benzthiazol-2- yl, - (CHR 6)yCOOR17 or (CHR 14),CONR sR 19 ¢ cycloalkyl Cs-Cg بها استبدال ب « methyl أو hydrogen تكون Ry « cyclohexyl أو alkyl أو ورا-رن hydrogen يت تكون © « cyclohexyl si alkyl Ci-Ciz تكون عبارة عن Rg ¢ alkyl C;-Cy أر hydrogen معز تكون عبارة عن ¢ cyclohexyl أو alkyl 0-0 تكون عبارة عن Ry « cyclohexyl sf alkyl C,-Cy, أر hydrogen تكون Rg ؛ alkyl C;-C4 أر hydrogen وبع تكون عبارة عن ٠ « alkyl تكون عبارة عن ب0-ر0 « cyclohexyl sf alkyl C;-C1z و تكون عبارة عن ؛ cyclohexyl أو alkyl 0-0 و تكون عبارة عن ؛ alkyl Ci-C4 ب تكون عبارة عن ؛ alkyl C=C ور18 تكون عبارة عن ٠
— لا سم م تكون عبارة عن hydrogen أو alkyl Cy-Cq ¢ در تكون Ble عن وي6-(© alkyl مع وي©-رت alkyl تم قطعه ب oxygen أو كبريت sulfur ؛ أو ونون cycloalkyl « أى phenyl ‘ أو benzyl ؛ أو tolyl ؛ وتكون Rip و Rig على نحو مستقل عن بعضهما البعض عبارة عن hydrogen أو alkyl C-Cs 0 « تكون عبارة عن ١ أو ؟. وتكون مجموعة alkyl تحتوي على ما يصل إلى Ye ذرة كربون عبارة عن شق متفرع أو غير متفرع؛ على سبيل المثال : methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl. 2-ethylbutyl, n- pentyl, isopentyl. 1-methylpentyl, 1 ,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1 ,3.3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2- Ve ethylhexyl, 1,1 ,3- trimethylhexyl, 1,1 ,3.3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1- methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1.1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl. tridecyl, tetradecyl. pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl or octadecyl. وتكون شقوق ¢alkingl CoCo على سبيل (JE عبارة عن : vinyl, allyl (prop-2-enyl), but-3-enyl, pent-4-enyl. hex-5-enyl, oct-7-enyl, dec-9-enyl or Vo dodec-1 [-enyl. وتكون شقوق alkinyl C3-Cyp ؛ على سبيل المثال؛ le عن :
_ A —_ propargyl, but-3-inyl, hex-5-inyl, oct-7-inyl. dec-9-inyl, dodec-1 1-inyl, tetradec-13-inyl, hexadec-15-inyl, octadec-17-inyl or eicos-19-inyl. ؛ أو cyclohexyl sf « cyclopentyl سبيل المثال» عبارة عن Je ¢ alkinyl Cs-Cy وتكون شقوق . cyclohexyl وعلى رجه الخصروص » cyclononyl sf » cyclooctyl si « cycloheptyl : على سبيل المثال «phenyl التي بها استبدال ب alkingl Ci-Coo وتكون شقوق © benzyl. phenethyl, a- methylbenzyl. a.a-dimethylbenzyl, phenylbutyl, phenyl-a,a- dimethylpropyl. phenylhexyl. phenyl-a,a-dimethylbutyl, phenyloctyl or phenyl-a.o- dimethylhexyl. ؛ على hydroxyl التي بها استبدال بواحدة أو اثنتين من مجموعات alkinyl وتكون شقوق وو©-© : سبيل المثال ٠١ 2-hydroxy- ethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxyhexyl, 2-hydroxyoctyl, 2-hydroxydecyl. 2-hydroxydodecyl, 2-hydroxytetradecyl, 2-hydroxyhexadecyl, 2- hydroxyoctadecyl, 2-hydroxyeicosyl or 2,3-dihydroxypropyl.
JU عبارة على سبيل » hydroxy s phenyl التي بها استبدال ب alkyl وتكون شقوق موي-ن .1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl عن | ٠ : ؛ عبارة على سبيل المثال» عن cyano بها استبدال ب alkyl Ci-Cap وتكون شقوق .2-cyanoethyl
وتكون مجموعة و:©-.© alkyl التي تقطعها من واحدة إلى خمس ذرات sfoxygen كبريت sulfur ‘ على سبيل المثالء؛ عبارة عن : 3-oxapropyl, 3-thia- propyl, 3-oxabutyl, 3-thiabutyl, 3-oxapentyl, 3-thiapentyl, 3.6- dioxaheptyl. 3.6,9-trioxadecyl or 3,6,9,12,15,18 hexaoxanonadecyl. © وتشتمل التركيبات محل الاهتمام على هيئة مركب فينولي مضاد للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant يحتوي على الكبريت sulfur الذي له الصيغة 2 حيث تكون R, و مع على نحو مستقل عن بعضهما البعض عبارة عن يبدو alkyl . وتشتمل التركيبات المفضلة على هيئة مركب فينولي مضاد للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant يحتوي على الكبريت sulfur الذي له الصيغة !1 أو 111 حيث يكون شق واحد على الأقل من ٠١ الشقوق «Rs أو «Rg أو Rg أو «Rg أو Ri أو Ris عبارة عن tert-butyl . وتعطى الأفضلية إلى التركيبات التي تشتمل على هيئة مركب فينولي مضاد للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant يحتوي على الكبريت sulfur له الصيغة ]؛ أو 11 أو 111 حيث : بك[ تكون عبارة عن methyl ؛ وتكون ينا و م على نحو Jee عن بعضهما البعض عبارةٌ عن در0و0 alkyl ¢ ٠ بق تكون عبارة عن hydrogen « Rs تكون عبارة عن hydrogen أر alkyl C;-C4 ؛ مع تكون عبارة عن نحن alkyl ‘
= و١١ - بح تكون عبارة عن hydrogen أو methyl « Rg تكون عبارة عن alkyl Ci-Cq ‘ Ro تكون عبارة عن hydrogen أو alkyl C;-C,4 « Ryo تكون عبارة عن hydrogen أو methyl « © ,1ر8 تكون عبارة عن methyl « Ri» تكون عبارة عن alkyl Ci-Cy ¢ وري تكون عبارة عن alkyl C1-C4 « Rj, تكون عبارة عن methyl . ا وتعطى الأفضلية إلى التركيبات التي تشتمل على هيئة مركب فينولي مضاد للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant | ٠ يحتوي على الكبريت sulfur الذي له الصيغة ؛ و B و © و0 و2. OH OH H,C CH; S—CgH,; H,C CH;S—C,;Hys (A) (B) CH;—S—C,H,, CH;—S=C, Hye CH, CH, (CH,),C CH, sof Hod Yon Raa © (CHy),C C(CHy, 0 CH, C(CHy), (D)
CH, HO ~~ C(CH,), مم 5 (CH),C OH CH, و © و1 و2 متوفرة على نحو تجاري مثل على سبيل B و A تكون المركبات التي لها الصيغة : المثال Irgastab Cable KV10 (RTM), Irganox 1 726 (RTM), Irganox 415 (RTM), Ethanox 736 (RTM) [available by Albemarle] and Irganox 1081 (RTM) 8 . Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc شركة (sal على سبيل المثال في البراءة الأمريكية HI و11 of ويتم الكشف عن المركبات التي لها الصيغة ويمكن تحضيرها بواسطة الطرق المعروفة في الفن ٠007/0198744 ب؟ أو —TATA440 رقم سبق. Lad وفقا لما يتم الكشف عنه على سبيل المثال في المراجع المذكورة وتشتمل التركيبات محل الاهتمام مثل عامل الانتقال المائع للكهربية الساكنة على مركب يتم انتقاؤه Ve ethoxylated تمت معالجتها بمجموعة alkylamine من المجموعة التي تتكون من مركبات أو « ethoxylated dialkylamines و alkylamines polyglycerol esters, glycidyl ester, alkyl sulfonates, pentaerythritol esters, sorbitan esters and diethanol amides of fatty acids أو خلائط منها. ٠ migrating antistatic عامل الانتقال المانع للكهربية الساكنة Jie وتشتمل التركيبات المفضلة : مركب يتم انتقاؤه من المجموعة التي تتكون من مركبات le agent
Y —_ \ _ Cig dialkylamines حو alkylamines, ethoxylated يلدي ethoxylated + و esters of polyglycerol مع esters of glycerol « Cs-Cygcarboxylic acids مع Cs- 5 علالإ«وضقعين0 «¢ sulfonates الطللقرر يلا « of pentaerythritol 5 مع Cs-Cig- carboxylic acids ب esters of sorbitan مع diethanol amides of « Cg-Cigcarboxylic acids carboxylic acids 2 و C3-C او خلائط منها. وتشتمل التركيبات المفضلة Jie عامل الاتتقال المانع للكهربية الساكنة على مركب يتم انتقاؤه من المجموعة التي تتكون من مركبات alkylamine :0 التي تمت معالجتها بمجموعة ethoxylated ¢ ومركبات Cg-Cig dialkylamines التي تمت معالجتها بمجموعة ethoxylated ؛ أو sulfonates. pentaerythritol ٠١ ابوالفيقا-يا polyglycerol stearate, glycerol monostearate, monostearate, pentaerythritol distearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan 101051681816. sorbitan monooleate and lauric diethanol amide أو خلائط منها. وتكون عوامل الانتقال المذكورة المضادة للثبات معروفة في المراجع وتكون متوفرة على سبيل ٠ المثال على نحو تجاري تحت الأسماء التجارية “ATMER” المتوفرة من قبل Uniquema ) مجموعة (ICT وتشتمل التركيبات محل الاهتمام على مركبات peroxide dialkyl لفوق أكسيد عضوي organic Jie peroxide :
dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2.5- di(tert- butylperoxy)-hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-amylperoxy)-hexane. 2,5- dimethyl-2.5-di(tert- butylperoxy) hexane-3, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-amylperoxy) hexyne-3, a,a-di[(tert- butylperoxy)-isopropyl]-benzene, di-tert-amyl peroxide. 1,3.5- tri-{(tert-butylperoxy)- isopropyllbenzene, 1 ,3-dimethyl-3-(tert-butylperoxy)butanol, 1 © ,3-dimethyl-3-(tert- amylperoxy)butanol أو خلائط منها.
وتكون مركبات فوق الاكاسيد العضوية organic peroxides المناسبة الأخرى على سبيل المثال succinic acid peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexanoate, p- chlotobenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy isobutylate, tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, tert-butyl peroxy laurate, 2.5-dimethyl-2,5-di(benzoyl peroxy)hexane, tert- butyl peroxy acetate, di-tert-butyl diperoxy phthalate, tert-butyl peroxy maleic acid, cyclohexanone peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy benzoate.
وتكون المركبات المفضلة منها هي مركبات dialkyl peroxides .
١9 وتتسم مركبات فوق الاكاسيد العضوية organic peroxides بدرجة حرارة تفكك في مدى يتراوح من ٠ إلى You م . ويكون المفضل منها على وجه الخصوص dicumyl peroxide ؛ الذي يتسم بدرجة حرارة تبلغ Vor م.
- ١4 أو بوليمر مشترك ethylene كمكون (أ) عبارة عن بوليمر متجانس من polyethylene ويكون التي تحتوي على alpha-olefins ونسبة صغرى من واحد أو أكثر من ethylene من copolymer ذرات كربون؛ أو A ذرة كربون؛ و على نحو مفضل ما يتراوح من ؛ إلى ١ ما يتراوح من © إلى . copolymers والبوليمرات المشتركة homopolymers مخلوط من مثل هذه البوليمرات المتجانسة ويمكن أن يكون الخليط عبارة عن خليط ميكانيكي أو مخلوط في مكانه. وتكون الأمثلة على © : هي alpha-olefins مركبات ويمكن كذلك أن يكون propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene. and 1-octene
Jie غير مشبع esters ethylene من copolymer عبارة عن بوليمر مشترك polyethylene .acrylic or methacrylic acid ester أى vinyl acetate على سبيل المثال؟ » vinyl ester ذات polyethylene المناسبة هي التي يطلق عليها اسم مركبات polyethylene وتكون مركبات ٠ الضغط العالي. وهناك مجموعة متنوعة من مثل هذه البوليمرات المتوفرة تجاريا. وعلى نحو مفضل الذي ethylene ذات الضغط العالي عبارة عن بوليمرات متجانسة من polyethylene تكون مركبات ويمكن كذلك أن يتسم البوليمر Fa إلى 0570 جم/ ١.9٠0 يتسم بكثافة في مدى يتراوح من دقائق؛ ٠١ إلى حولي © جم كل ١ المشترك بمؤشر انصهار يكون في مدى يتراوح من حوالي إلى حوالي ؟ جم كل ١,75 نحو مفضل يتسم بمؤشر انصهار في مدى يتراوح من حوالي Jog 10 دقائق. ويتم تحديد مؤشر الانصهار وفقا لقياس 1-1238 5111م. ٠ الذي phenolic antioxidant وعلى نحو مفضل ستتم إضافة العامل الفينولي المضاد للأكسدة وعلى ok ٠١ إلى ٠0٠ في تركيزات تتراوح من polyethylene إلى sulfur يحتوي على كبريت
— مج \ _—
نحو مفضل تتراوح من ١09 إلى © م ونمطيا تتراوح من ١.01 إلى . 7,5 7 بناء على وزن
. polyethylene
وعلى نحو مفضل ستتم إضافة عامل JEN) المضاد للتثبيت إلى polyethylene في تركيزات
تتراوح من 00٠ إلى leg of ٠١ نحو مفضل تتراوح من 0.0٠ إلى © of ونمطيا تتراوح من
.,.٠ © إلى Y,0 7 بناء على وزن polyethylene .
leg نحو مفضل ستتم إضافة فوق الأكسيد العضوي إلى polyethylene في تركيزات تتراوح من
. polyethylene إلى 7 // بناء على وزن ١ وعلى نحو مفضل تتراوح من of © إلى ٠
phenolic نحو مفضل؛ يمكن أن تتراوح الكمية بالوزن من المركب الفينولي المضاد للأكسدة Jeg
(gd) antioxidant يحتوي على الكبريت Led sulfur يتعلق بالكمية بالوزن من عامل الانتقال Yo المضاد للتثبيت من ©, 7١ : ٠ إلى 7 ين 0,+¢ ونمطيا تتراوح من ٠١ : ١ إلى EEA ٠
وعلى نحو مفضل يتراوح إجمالي كمية العامل الفينولي المضاد للأكسدة phenolic antioxidant
الذي يحتوي على كبريت sulfur وعامل الانتقال المضاد للتثبيت من ve) إلى Va ويتراوح
نمطيا من ٠.05 إلى 5 7؛ بناء على وزن polyethylene .
علاوة على المكونات (أ)؛ أو (ب)؛ أو (ج) و (د)؛ يمكن أن dass تركيبات الاختراع على مواد ١ إضافة (Agila) مثلء على سبيل المثال»؛ ما يلي من المركبات :
YVY)
_ \ a _ المركبات المضادة للأكسدة -١ : على سبيل المثال ¢ alkylated تمت معالجتها بمجموعة monophenols مركبات . ٠-١ 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-di- methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2.6-di-tert-bu- tyl-4-isobutylphenol. 2,6- dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethyl- phenol, 2,6- 8 dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-meth- oxymethylphenol التي تكون مستقيمة أو حلقية في السلاسل الجانبية؛ على سبيل المثال؛ nonylphenols أو مركبات : المركب 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1 '-methylundec-1 '-yl)phenol, 2,4- ٠١ dimethyl-6-(1 -methylheptadec-1 "-yl)phenol. 2,4-dimethyl-6-(] -methyltridec-1 '- yl)phenol وخلائط منها. : على سبيل المثال ¢ Alkylthiomethylphenols مركبات .؟-١ 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2.4- dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2.4- Vo dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2.6-di- dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol. على ¢ alkylated تمت معالجتها ب hydroquinones و مركبات hydroquinones مركبات .7-١ : سبيل المثال
2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy- phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert- amylhydroquinone. 2.6-diphenyl-4-octade- cyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert- butylhydroquinone. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3.5-di-tert- butyl-4- hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy- droxyphenyl) adipate. 2 : على سبيل المثال ¢ tocopherols مركبات LE -١ .)8 وخلائط منها ( فيتامين a-tocopherol, B-tocopherol, y-tocopherol. 5-106006:0١ على سبيل hydroxylated تمت معالجتها بمجموعة thiodiphenyl ethers مركبات . © =) : المثال مركب 2.2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenot), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert- Yo butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl- 2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di- sec-amylphenol), 4.4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)disulfide. : سبيل المثال مركب Je ¢ alkylidenebisphenols مركبات 27 =) 2.2"-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl -4-methylphenol), 2.2'- methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4- ethylphenol), 2.2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)- phenol], 2,2'- Vo methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2.2"-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4- methylphenol), 2,2"-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2.2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert- butyl- phenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2"-methylenebis[6-
- ١م (a-methylben- zyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2.2"-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4- nonylphenol], 4,4'-methy- lenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol). 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert- butyl-2-methylphenol), 1 ,1-bis(5- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6- bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)- 4-methylphenol. 1,1 ,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1 ,I-bis(5-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-n- 8 dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3.3-bis(3'-tert- butyl-4'- hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopenta- diene. bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4- methylphenyl]terephtha- late, 1 .1-bis-(3.5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2.2- bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphe- nyl)propane. 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy2- Ve methylphenyl)-d-n-dodecy Imercaptobutane, 1,1.,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2- methylphenyl)pentane. : على سبيل المثال ¢ S-benzyl و N- 35 مركبات -0؛ VY -١ 3,5,3",5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydi- benzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3.5- dimd#ylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy- 3,5-di-tert- butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4- tert- butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy- benzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-S.5-di-tert-butyl*-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.
سبيل المثال Je ¢ hydroxybenzylated تمت معالجتها بمجموعة malonates مركبات A -١ : المركب dioctadecyl-2.2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy- droxybenzyl)malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, di- dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis (3.5- di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1 ,1 .3.3-te- tramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2.2- 2 bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate. : على سبيل المثال المركب ¢ hydroxybenzylated مركبات مجموعة 4 -١ 1.3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1 ,4-bis(3.5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrame- thylbenzene, 2.4,6-tris(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzyl)phenol. : على سبيل المثال المركب «triazine مركبات .٠١ -١ 2.,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,3-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- anilino)-1 .3,5-triazine. 2- octylmercapto-4.6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1 ,3.5-tri- azine, 2- octylmercapto-4.6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris- (3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1 ,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4- Vo hydroxyben- zvlisocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6- dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6- tris(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1 ,3,5- triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5- triazine, 1 .3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4- hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.
- XY. -
: على سبيل المثال المركب ¢ benzylphosphonates مركبات .١١ -١ dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphospho- nate. diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylphosphonate. dioctadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy- droxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-6-tert-butyM-hydroxy-S- © methylbenzylphosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3.5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.
: على سبيل المثال المركب ¢ acylaminophenols مركبات (VY -١ 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl N- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)carbamate. مع p-(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hvdroxyphenyl)propionic acid المركب esters مركبات .١١ -١ : أو على سبيل المثال؛ مع mono- or polyhydric alcohols methanol, ethanol. n-octanol, i-octanol. octadecanol, 1 ,6-hexanediol. 1 ,9- nonanediol, ethylene glycol, ١ ,2-propanediol. neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol. diethy- lene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol. tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N.N'-bis(hy- Vo droxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylol- propane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2 octane. : المركب esters مركبات LYE -١
_ Y \ —
: على سبيل المثال + مع B-(5-tert-butyl-4-hvdroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid methanol, ethanol. n-octanol. i-octanol, octadecanol. 1 .6- hexanediol, ١ ,9-nonanediol. ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol. diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol. tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'- bis(Rydroxyethyl)oxamide. 3-thiaundecanol, 3- thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol. trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha- 2.6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3.9- bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1 .1-dimethylethyl]- 2,4.8.10-tetraoxaspiro[ 5.5 Jundecane. مع B-(3.5-dicvclohexyl-4-hvdroxyphenyl)propionic acid المركب esters مركبات V0 -١
: على سبيل المثال؛ مع mono- or polyhydric alcohols ٠ methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol. 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1 ,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, ١ .2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol. tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'- bis(hydroxyethyl)ox- amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy- droxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo|2.2.2 octane.
Vo : مع 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hvdroxyphenyl acetic acid من esters مركبات VT -١ -) : على سبيل المثال؛ مع « mono- or polyhydric alcohols methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1 ,6-hexanediol. 1 ,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, ١ ,2-propanediol. neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol. diethylene glycol,
_ Y Y — triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol. tristhydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'- bis(hydroxyethyl)ox- amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy- droxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclof2.2.2]octane. :
B-(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hvdroxyphenyl)propionic acid المركب amides مركبات .١١7 -١ : : على سبيل المثال؛ المركب ©
N.N'-bis(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'- bis(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- phenylpropionyltrimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di- tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenylpropionylhydrazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3.5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl|propionyloxy)ethylJoxamide (Naugard“XL-1 , supplied by Uniroyal). (C فيتامين ) ascorbic acid NA =) ٠ : على سبيل المثال؛ المركب + aminic antioxidants مضادات الأكسدة الأمينية V4)
N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N.N'-di-sec- butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'- bis(1 .4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1- ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p- phenvlenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p- phenyenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naph- thyl)-p- phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1 ,3- dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p- phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p- toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine,
- YY -
diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1- naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1 -naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, for example p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n- butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol. 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4- dod@canoylaminophenol, 4- octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimeth- ylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4.4'- sianvinodiphenylmathane. لال N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1 .2- bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1 .2-bis(phenylamino)propane. (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1 ',3"-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1 -naphthylamine, a ض mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert- octyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated isopro- pyl/isohexyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert- butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1 ,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, a عت سدم of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octylphenothiazines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octyl-phe- nothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine.
N,N,N',N'-tetrapheny!- 1 .4-diaminobut-2-ene.
"- العوامل التي تمتص الأشعة فوق البنفسجية وعوامل تثبيت الضوء UV absorbers and light stabilizers : ؛ على سبيل المثال 2-(2-Hvdroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles مركبات ٠-١ ٠
؟) -
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzo- triazole, 2-(3'.5'-di-tert-butyl-2'- hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2"-hydroxyphe- nyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'- hydroxy-5'-(1 .1 .3.3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'.5'-di- tert-butyl-2'- hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphe- nyl)- 5-cHloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2- (2"-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'- hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5"-bis-(o.a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'- hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole. 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2"-hydroxy-5'-(2- octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)- S-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2- ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl}-2'- hydroxyphenyl)-3-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert- ty -2 تون لور )2- methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert- butyl-2'-hydroxy-3'-(2- methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'- hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbo- nylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2- ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl}-2'-hydr- oxyphenyl)benzotriazole. 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'- hydroRy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert- butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2- isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2.2"-methylene-bis{4- (1 ,1,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazole-2-ylphenol]; the transesterification product of 2- [3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 300; [R-CH,CH,-COO-CH,CH,- , where R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-
— Y oO ~- hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl. 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(a.a-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1 ,1 .3,3- tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl|benzotriazole; 2-[2"-hydroxy-3'-(1 .1 .3.3- tetramethylbutyl)-5"-(a.0- dimethylbenzyl)-phenylibenzotriazole. : على سبيل المثال » 2-hvdroxybenzophenones 7-؟. مركبات .لوده لقيا-4 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyl- oxy. 4-dodecyloxy. 4-benzyloxy. 4.2'.4'- trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4.4'-dimethoxy derivatives. : بها استبدال وليس بها استبدال؛ على سبيل المثال benzoic acids J esters .-١ 4-tert-butyl-phenyi salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylben- zoyl)resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol, 2.4-di-tert- butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzo- ate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzoate. octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert- butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate. : على سبيل المثال acrylates .4 =Y ethyl a-cyano-pB,B-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl a-cyano-f.p-diphe- nylacrylate, methyl a- carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl a-cyano-p-methyl-p-methoxycinna- mate, butyl a- \o cyano-B-methyl-p-methoxy-cinnamate, methyl a-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycin- namate,
N-(B-carbomethoxy-B-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline, neopentyl tetra(a-cyano-p,p-di- phenylacrylate.
اسم ل 7 _ ٠-7" . مركبات nickel ء على سبيل المثال معقدات نيكل nickel complexes من : المركب (Jie ¢2,2"-thio-bis[4-(1 .1 .3,3-tetramethyl- butyl)phenol] المعقد بنسبة ١ :١ أو :١ oY مع أو بدون مركبات ترابطية إضافية Jie : n- butylamine. triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, ° أو أملاح nickel من monoalkyl esters » على سبيل المثال؟ methyl أو ethyl ester + من المركب ١ 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert- butylbenzylphosphonic acid أو معقدات النيكل nickel (complexes المركبات ketoximes ¢ على سبيل المثال؛ من المركب : 2-hydroxy-4-methylphe- nylundecylketoxime, أو معقدات نيكل nickel complexes من ٠ المركب l-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole ¢ مع أو بدون مركبات ترابطية إضافية. "- 1 أمينات معاقة ماديا Sterically hindered amines « على سبيل المثال : bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl)succinate, bis(1 , 2,2,6, 6-pentamethyl-4- piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy- 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1 ,2,2,6,6- pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) n- butyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate وناتج تكثيف المركب 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine :© أو نواتج تكثيف مستقيمة أو حلقية من المركب : :
- yy —
N.N'-bis(2.2,6.6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4- tert-octylamino- 2.6-dichloro-1 ,3,5-triazine, tris(2.2.6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1 .2,3.4-butanetetracarboxylate. 1.1 -) l,2- ethanediyl)-bis(3.3,5,3-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2.,2,6.6- tetrdinethylpiperidine, 4- stearyloxy-2,2.6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1, 2,2.6, 6- pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2- hydroxy-3.5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate, 3-n- octyl-7,7,9.9-tetramethyl-1 ,3.8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, bis(1-octyloxy- 2.2.6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate. bis(1-octyloxy-2.2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate, linear or cyclic condensates of N, N'- bis(2,2.6.6- tetraiethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2.6-dichloro- 1 .3,5- triazine, the condensate of 2-chloro-4.6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2.6.6- tetramethylpiperidyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine and 1 .2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1 ,2,2.6.6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1 .3.5- triazine and 1 .2- bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9- tetrahfethyl-1 .3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2.4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1 -(2.2,6, 6-tetramethyl- 4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine- 2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1 .2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4- piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2.2.6,6- tetramethylpiperidine, a condensate of N, N'- bis(2.2.6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6- dichloro-1 3.5-triazine, a condensate of 1 .2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and 2.4,6- trichloro-1.3 ,S-triazine as well as 4-butylamino-2.2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg. No. [136504-96-6]); a
- YA -
condensate of 1 ,6-hexanediamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1 ,3,5-triazine as well as N,N- dibutylamine and 4-butylamino-2.2,6.6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg.
No. [192268- 64-7]; N-(2,2,6.6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide.
N-(1,2.2,6,6- pentamethy!-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7.9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa- 3,8-Rliaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, a reaction product of 7,7.9,9-tetramethyl-2- cycloundecyl-1- oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro-[4.5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 1 .1-bis(1 . 2.2.6. 6-pentamethyl-4- piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, N,N'-bis- formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine, a diester of 4- methoxymethylenemalonic acid with 1,2,2.6.6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, polylmethylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, a reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-a-olefin copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- aminopiperidine or 1,2.2.6,6-pentamethyl-4- aminopiperidine, 2,4-bis[N-(1- cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N- butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxy ethyl)amino-1.3,5-triazine, | -(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4- octadecanoyloxy- 2.2.8.8-tetramethylpiperidine. 5-(2-ethylhexanoylyoxymethyl-3.3,5- trimethyl-2- morpholinone, Sanduvor (Clariant; CAS Reg.
No. 106917-31-1], 5-(2- ethylhexanoyl) oxymethyl-3.3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, the reaction product of 2.4-bis|(1- cyclohexyloxy -piperidine-yObutylaminol-8-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-ami- nopropyl)ethylenediamine), 1 ,3.5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2.2.6,6-tetramethylpiperazine- 3-onet 4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1 ,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1 , 2,2,6, 6- pentamethylpiperazine-3-one-4- yl)amino)-s-triazine.
vq - - LV -" مركبات oxamides ء على سبيل المثال : 4 4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide. 2,2"-dioctyloxy- 5ر5 -01-111- butoxanilide, 2.2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxani- lide,
N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5.4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of -ه and p-methoxy- 8 disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of -ه and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides. : ؛ على سبيل المثال 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1 .3.5-triazines المركبات LAY 2.4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)- 1 ,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4- octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2.4-dimethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1 .3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyl- oxyphenyl)-6- Ye (2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4- methylphenyl) -1 ,3.5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4- dimethylphenyl)- 1 ,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2.,4- dimethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3- butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2- {2-hydroxy-4-(2- Vo hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyloxy) phenyl]-4.6-bis(2.4-dimethyl)-1 ,3.5-triazine, 2- ]4- (dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2.4- dimethylphenyl)- 1 ,3.5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3- dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4.6-bis(2.4-dimethyl- phenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy- 4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydr- oxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6- Ye.
دوم diphenyl-1 ,3.5-triazine, 2.4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydr- oxypropoxy)phenyl]- .3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl- 1.3.5- triazine, 2- 1 12-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1 -oxy)-2-hydroxypropyloxy] phenyl} -4,6-bis(2.4-di- methylphenyl)-1 .3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-[2-ethylhexyloxy]-2-hydroxypheny!)-6-(4- methoxyphe- nyl)-1.3,5-triazine. 5 —Y مثشبطات تنشيط فلزية؛ على سبيل المثال؛ المركب : N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloyl hydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl) hydrazine, N.N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyDhydrazine, 3- salicyloylamino-1 ,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyl- oyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloy!)thiopropionyl dihydrazide. ¢— مركبات phosphites و phosphonites ؛ على سبيل المثال : tripheny! phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphites. phenyldialkyl phosphites, tris(nonylpheny!) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecy! phosphite, Yo distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite. tris(2,4-di-tert-butylpheny!) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite. bis(2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2.4-di- cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite,
_ vv \ —_ bis(2.4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)- pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4.,6-tris(tert- butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite. tristea- ryl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2.4-di- tert-butylphenyl) 4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, 6- isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert- butyl-12H-dibenz[d.g]-1 ,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert- butyl-6- methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethy! phosphite, 6- © fluoro-2,4.8.10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyi-dibenz|d,g]-1 .3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2'.2"- nitrilo- [triethyltris(3.3",5.5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1 ,1 -biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite], 2- ethylhexyl(3,3'.5.5'- tetra-tert-butyl-1 ,1 '-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl- 2-(2.4.6-tri-tert- butylphenoxy)-1 .3.2-dioxaphosphirane. : : على سبيل المثال المركب ¢ hydroxylamines مركبات -# ٠
N.N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine.
N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N, N- dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N.N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N- octadecylhydrox- ylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N.N- dialkylhydroxylamine Yo -hydrogenated المعالج بال tallow amine من : ؛ على سبيل المثال» مركب nitrones مركبات —1
N-benzyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, N-ethyl-alpha-methylnitrone, N- octyl-alpha- heptylnitrone, N-lauryl-aipha-undecylnitrone, N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecylnnitrone. N-
_ Y — hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecynitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl- alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-ocatadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitrone, N-heptadecyl-alpha- hepta- decylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecylnitrone, nitrone derived from N.N- dialkylhydroxyl- amine .hydrogenated المعالج بال tallow amine من Gide ©
- سم -١ مركبات thiosynergists ¢ على سبيل المثال : dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimistryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate or distearyl disulfide. - كاسحات فوق أكسيد Peroxide scavengers ¢ على سبيل المثال B-thiodipropionic acid ¢ © على سبيل المثال lauryl. stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters. mercaptobenzimidazole أو ملح zine من المركب : benzimidazole, zine dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, -2-016168016 pentaerythritol tetrakis(f- dodecylmercapto)propionate. 4- مثبتات Polvamide stabilizers ؛ على سبيل المثال أملاح نحاس في توليفة مع iodides و/ ٠ أو مركبات phosphorus وأملاح من ماغنيسيوم ثتائي التكاثؤ .divalent manganese -٠ مثبتات مشتركة قاعدية Basic co-stabilizers ¢ على سبيل المثال : melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate. magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, Vo antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate. -١١ عوامل التنوية Nucleating agents ؛ على سبيل المثال مواد غير عضوية؛ talcum, Jie titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or Jie » metal oxides sulfates على نحو مفضلء فلزات أرضية قلوية ؛ أو مركبات عضوية؛ مثل : mono- or polycarboxylic acids ٠ ٠ وأملاح منهاء على سبيل المثال :
4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate; أو مركبات بوليمرية ionic copolymers (ionomers) ie «polymeric ويكون المفضل منها على وجه الخصوص المركب : .3:2.4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzylidenc)sorbitol, ١ 4 -di(paramethyldibenzylidene) 2 1 sorbitol, and 1 ,3:2.4-di(benzylidene)sorbitol. -١ مواد fillers dalle وعوامل تقوية reinforcing agents ؛ على سبيل المثال : calcium carbonate » أو مركبات «silicates أو ألياف زجاجية «glass fibres أو خرزات زجاجية glass beads » أو asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides. carbon black, ٠١ graphite أو نشارة ada ونشارات أو ألياف منتجات طبيعية أخرى؛ أو ألياف تخليقية synthetic fibers -١٠ مشتقات أخرىء على سبيل المثال عوامل تلدين plasticisers ؛ أو عوامل مزلقة lubricants أو مستحلبات emulsifiers + أو مواد خضاب pigments + أو مواد إضافة للانسيابية rheology additives ٠ » أو محفزات catalysts » أو عوامل التحكم في التدفق flow-control agents + أو مواد ملمعة ضوئية optical brighteners + أو عوامل ضد اللهب flameproofing agents ¢ أو عوامل مائعة للكهربية الساكنة antistatic agents » أو مبيدات حيوية biocides ¢ أو مضادات للميكروبات antimicrobials وعوامل نفخ .blowing agents
Yo — _ £ = مركبات Benzofuranones ومركبات 101001100065 ¢ على سبيل Jha تلك التي تم الكشف عنها في البراءات الأمريكية أرقام : 8787547 و 716567 و 16717 و0 787446 و 77577 والبراءات الألمانية أرقام ery Ti أو EFITAYT IR YY أو البراءات الأوروبية أرقام : 4176 iio yey ST-V ت“حخم أو ١741784 أو acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5.7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- 8 -2(-4[-3 [4-(2-stearoyl- oxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2- hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)- benzofuran-2-one}, 3.7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4- ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one. 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5- dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert- butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7- di-tert- butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3- ٠١ (2,3-dimethylphenyl)-3,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetyl-5-isooctylphenyl)- isooctylbenzoturan-2-one. -5 ويثم بشكل نمطي استخدام مواد | لإضافة | لأخرى في تركيزات تتراوح من ٠١ ١ إلى Yo / ¢ بنا ع على إجمالي وزن polyethylene المطلوب معالجته. ٠ وتشتمل التركيبات المفضلة من الاختراع على مضادات فينولية للأكسدة كمواد إضافة أخرى» ومواد تثبيت ضوء و/ أو مواد تثبيت معالجة processing stabilizers . lial) يمكن إضافة زيت فول الصويا المعالج بالإيبوكسي epoxidized soya بكمية تتراوح من ١ إلى ١ / ؛ وعلى نحو مفضل تبلغ 7 7 بالنسبة لل polyethylene ضد تحلل اللون.
لام - كما يتعلق الاختراع الحالي بتركيبة في صورة دفعة رئيسية أو ركازة تشتمل على كل واحدة من المكونات التالية of) و (ب) ؛ و (ج) 35( بكمية تتراوح من © إلى 9٠0 7 بالوزن؛ ويبلغ إجمالي مجموعها معا ٠٠١ )رز ٠ ويمكن إدراج المكونات (ب)؛ و (ج) و(د) مع أو بدون مواد إضافة أخرى؛ في صورة نقية أو يتم تغليفها في مواد شمعية؛ أو زيوت أو بوليمرات في polyethylene 8 في نموذج مفضل يتم إجراء العملية في جهاز بثق. ويتم خلط المكونات (ب)» و (ج) واد)؛ واختياريا مواد الإضافة الأخرى؛ مع polyethylene ويتم بعد ذلك بثقها. ويتم بعد ذلك إجراء التشابك الترايطي لناتج exudation Full عن طريق تعريضه إلى درجة حرارة أكبر من درجة حرارة التفكيك التي تتفكك عندها فوق الأكسيد العضويعلن«ض:عم عنصقع:ه. ويمكن إجراء عملية البثق ss exudation موصل كهربائي واحد أو أكثر JS dal يتحمل فولتية متوسطة أو Ade ٠ ويكون الموصل إما موصل غير معزول أو يكون الموصل محاطا بطبقة عزل أولية و/ أو شبه موصلة_ويتم بعد ذلك تعريض الكبل إلى درجات حرارة الارتباط التشابكي crosslinking temperatures ويمكن إجراء الارتباط التشابكي بأي طريقة تقليدية Mie في فرن أو في أنبوب فلكنة متواصلة؛ واختيارياء ولكن ليس بالضرورة تحت تأثير جو nitrogen وضغط متزايد. كما يتعلق الاختراع الحالي بعملية لتحضير تركيبة polyethylene مرتبط تشابكيا crosslinked ٠ ويشتمل على تسخين تركيبة تشتمل على المكونات التالية (أ)» و (ب)» و (ج) 95( كما يتعلق نموذج آخر من الاختراع الحالي بعزل كبل خاص بكبلات ذات فولتية متوسطة وعالية medium and high voltage يشتمل على polyethylene مرتبط تشابكيا crosslinked يتم تحضيره وفقا لما هو موضح فيما سبق. وتكون التركيبة المثبتة مناسبة للاستخدام في صورة عزل US خاص بكبلات ذات قدرة فولتية ٠ متوسطة وعالية medium and high voltage مع مقاومة متفرعة محسنة للماء. ويتراوح مدى
الام -
الفولتية المتوسطة + كيلو فولت إلى 64 كيلو فولت؛ وتتعلق " الفولتية العالية" بفولتية تتجاوز حوالي 19 كيلو فولت؛ Jeg وجه الخصوص ٠٠0 -٠٠١ كيلو فولت. وتكون المكونات Amb) (ب)» و (ج) وإد)؛ ومواد الإضافة الأخرى اختيارياء في العملية الخاصة بتحضير polyethylene المرتبط تشابكيا crosslinked هي نفس تلك المكونات التي
© وصفها بالنسبة للتركيبة. وتوضح الأمثلة التالية الاختراع بشكل lal وتتعلق الأجزاء أو النسب المئوية بالوزن. المثال رقم :١ تحضير عينات وقياس نمو تفريعات الماء water tree في LDPE يتم إجراء الخلط المسبق للكمية المستخدمة من مواد الإضافة وفقا للجداول -١ © مع فوق الأكسيد (dicumyl peroxide or tert-butyl cumyl peroxide) peroxide ٠ .3 إجراء التسخين المسبق Youd aba من كريات البوليمر EXXON LD 100 MED] polymer pellets ؛ الذي تم تسخينه مسبقا عند 70م لمدة ساعة واحدة تقريبا] وتم وضع خليط مادة الإضافة / فوق الأكسيد peroxide قارورة مستديرة. وتم تسخين هذا الخليط في حمام ele عند Ve م وتم تدويره حتى تم نقع خليط sale الإضافة / فوق الأكسيد peroxide وبدا أن الكريات تجف. وتم تجانس هذه الكريات الجافة ٠5 على مطحنة باسطوانتين عند 6١م لمدة 10 دقيقة. وتم إعطاء YA جراما من رقاقة المطحنة الدوارة على كل جانب من قالب التركيبة ( وفقا ل :
(ASTM D-6097-00 ويتم تثبيت قالب الكبس تحت ضغط لمدة © دقائق عند ٠7١ م وتلى ذلك بعشرين دقيقة عند a VAY وبعد ذلك تم تبريد القالب إلى درجة حرارة الغرفة تحت تأثير الضغط. وتم eda محلول كهربائي (01© ع من (NaCl في مخروط تم وضعه في حمام مأرض. وتم غمر
Ye قطب البلاتين Platinum electrode في مخروط مملوء وتم توصيله إلى مصدر الكهرباء. وتم
توصيل قدرة © كيلو فولت عند تردد + كيلو هرتز لمدة ١7 أيام عند مي م. وتم وضع العينات التي تم تعريضها مع ماء ملون بأزرق Methylene Blue لمدة ساعة واحدة. وتم قياس أطوال تفريعات الماء water tree المرثئية عن طريق ميكروسكوب. وتقدم المقارنة مع العينة المرجعية معدل نمو تفريعة الماء (WTGR) بالنسبة المئوية. وكلما كانت النسبة المئوية أقل» كلما كانت © مقاومة تفريعة الماء أفضل. ويتم تلخيص النتائج في -١ shall <. الجدول رقم ١ i /+,Y0 hi ١ من؟415 ٠ Irganox ٠ ل Dicumyl peroxide ١ ب (ب Vo (Trgastab Cable KV 10°: 7 +,Y0 (Atmer 1635 1+, YO 7 ل Dicumyl peroxide ١ ج (ب YY (Irgastab Cable KV 10% /+,Y0 ٠ ) من؟163 (Atmer 71,٠١ Dicumyl peroxide ل ١ د(ب Cable KV 10%: 7 +,Y0 طواموي] ١ 7+,V0 من؟163 (Atmer Dicumyl peroxide J 71,Y « ١ه (ب VY (Irgastab Cable KV 10% 7+, Yo ٠8 163% 7 Dicumy] peroxide J 7٠ YVY)
وس الجدول ؟ اول es peroxide 5 2 peroxide Je 5 peroxide Je = peroxide Je 1 peroxide
سام الجدول رقم ٠ المثال المكونات WTGR بالنسبة المئوية ١ك ل ٠, من 415° Yau Irganox ٠ ل Dicumy! peroxide TA Irganox 1081 foe ٠ <) JN ملا 7 163° of Atmer Dicumyl peroxide J ٠ ١م (ب YY of Irgastab Cable KV 10° 7 +,Y¢ ملا 169° of Atmer ,)7 ل Dicumyl peroxide ١ ن (ب vv of Irgastab Cable KV 109 /+,Yo ذلا 7 261° of Atmer « ل Dicumy! peroxide ١س (ب 2 109 of Irgastab Cable KV ل مار 110° of Atmer 7٠ ل Dicumy! peroxide ١ ع (ب YY of Irgastab Cable KV 1 04 Yo ذلاب 7 184° of Atmer Dicumyl peroxide 1 71, ١ف (ب 7 10% oY of Irgastab Cable KV ملا 7 Atmer 154° of Dicumyl peroxide J 71,Y ١ص (ب 5 10° vy of Irgastab Cable KV ذلا 181° of Atmer Dicumyl peroxide J ٠ ١ق (ب vv of Irgastab Cable KV 10° /+,Yo ذلاب 7 182° of Atmer Dicumyl peroxide J 7 YVY)
(I مثال مقارن. ب) أمثلة وفقا للاختراع. ج) Irganox 415 (RTM) عبارة عن مركب له الصيغة C CH, CH, aac © (CH,),C C(CH,), © د) Irgastab Cable KV 10 (RTM) عبارة عن مركب له الصيغة A OH H,C CH;S—CgH,, (A). CH;~S—CgH,, ه ( ويكون Atmer 163 (RTM; ICI Group) عبارة عن مركب : ethoxylated Ci;-Cisdialkylamine [Ethanol, 2,2'-imino- bis-, N-Ci;-Cisalkyl derivative]. وتكون Atmer 129 (RTM; ICI Group) عبارة عن glycerol monostearate ٠ وتكون Atmer 169 (RTM; ICI Group) عبارة عن أمين جوز الهند معالج بمجموعة الإيثوكسيلات .ethoxylated coconut amine وتكون Atmer 261 (RTM; ICI Group) عبارة عن أمين تالو معالج بمجموعة الإيثتوكسيلات .ethoxylated tallow amine
—_ $ Y —_ عن مونو لوريات سوربيتان معالج بمجموعة Ble Atmer 110 (RTM; ICI Group) وتكون .ethoxylated sorbitan monolaureate الإيتوكسيلات polyglycerol stearate عبارة عن Atmer 184 (RTM; ICI Group) وتكون polyethylene glycol monolaureate عبارة عن Atmer 154 (RTM; ICI Group) وتكون pentaerithritol monostearate عبارة عن Atmer 181 (RTM; ICI Group) وتكون © pentaerithritol distearate عبارة عن Atmer 182 (RTM; ICI Group) وتكون .[5 عبارة عن مركب له الصيغة Irganox 1081 (RTM) و) ويكون
CH, HO C(CH,), مم ® (CH,),C OH CH,
B عبارة عن مركب له الصيغة Irganox 1726 RTM) ويكون (J
OH
H,C CH S=C/,Hps ١ ٠ (B). 0117-5-0 Hs ص ١ ي؛ ومن ١ل إلي اع؛ ومن ١ هء ومن ١ز إلى ١ ب إلى ١ وتوضح الأمثلة المبتكرة من ك وفقا لحالة التقنية الحالية ثباتا ١ أ؛ و١ و ١ ق على نحو جلي في مقارنة مع الأمثلة ١ إلى لنمو تفريع الماء. ily لمعدل منخفض بدرجة ملحو
Claims (1)
- ساس عناصر الحماية ١ ١ - تركيبة تشتمل على: Y 1 بولي ايثيلين polyethylene « ¥ ب) مضاد أكسدة فينولي phenolic antioxidant يحتوي على الكبريت sulfur ¢ ؛ ج) عامل مضاد للاستاتيكية متنقل migrating antistatic agent ¢ حيث يتم اختيار العامل © المضاد للاستاتيكية المتنقل migrating antistatic agent من مجموعة تتألف من dallas alkylamines 1 ب dialkylamines ¢ ethoxy معالجة ب polyglycerol ١ ethoxy لا sorbitan « pentaerythritol esters « alkyl sulfonates ¢ glycidyl ester « esters diethanol amides s esters ~~ A للأحماض الدهنية fatty acids أو مخاليط منهاء 40 ود) فوق أكسيد عضوي organic peroxide . ١ ١ - تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية ٠ حيث يكون مضاد الأكسدة الفينولي phenolic antioxidant ¥ المحتوي على الكبريت sulfur هو مركب بالصيغة 1 أو 11 أو 111 Re fr Fo fs مجن ol el ro am | )0 R, CHS—R, Re ReR,, HO Ry Oy) (11H ‘R,, OH Risوو 0 حيث : 8207 تكون صوصن sl ¢ alkyl مع سمحن Cy « alkenyl - بن Cs - Cy « alkinyl phenyl ¢ cycloalkyl Vv أو alkyl C1-Cyo به استبدال ب tolyl ¢ Rs 185 A تكون بشكل مستقل عن بعضها البعض alkyl Ci-Cy ¢ مع phenyl ¢ acetyl « formyl ¢ cyano ¢ hydroxyl 4 أو مينا-ن alkyl به استبدال ب ¢-0-CO-Ry3 ٠ مص cycloalkyl Cs - Cy « alkenyl ¢ أو مع hydroxy ؟ 4-chlorophenyl « phenyl.3-benzthiazol-2- yl « p-tolyl « 2-methoxycarbonylphenyl ¢ }) 1 ¢ Cs - Cocycloalkyl VY به استبدال ب 7 (CHR ¢)sCOOR أو ¢(CHR;5),CONR5R 9 VY 4 يبظ تكون hydrogen أو methyl « ٠ مط تكون alkyl C-Cy; « hydrogen أو cyclohexyl ¢ ٠ مث تكون بنث-ن alkyl أو cyclohexyl « Ry VY تكون hydrogen أو يبرن alkyl ¢ VA مثا تكون دنث-ن alkyl أو cyclohexyl « 48 وق تكون hydrogen « ورم-ت alkyl أو cyclohexyl « ٠٠ ور تكون hydrogen أو من alkyl « Ry; 7١١ تكون ثن-ن alkyl ¢ YY دبا تكون دون-ن alkyl أو cyclohexyl ؛ Ry; YY تكون ده-ن alkyl أو cyclohexyl « Ry YE تكون alkyl C;-C4 ¢ ©؟ Rys تكون alkyl C;-Cyo ¢ 1 وبق تكون hydrogen أو ينل alkyl ¢ YY دب تكون alkyl Ci-Coo ؛ مع alkyl C3-Ca مقاطع بالأكسجين oxygen أو الكبريتدج $ —benzyl! « phenyl¢ cycloalkyl Cs - Cy ¢ sulfur YA أو tolyl ؛Rios Rig 4 تكون بشكل مستقل عن بعضها hydrogen AY أو ىن alkyl « وn Ye تكون ١ أو نزphenolic تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية 7؛ حيث يكون مضاد الأكسدة الفينولي -* ١ تكون Rss Ry وحيث of هو مركب بالصيغة sulfur المحتوي على الكبريت antioxidant Y . alkyl Cs-Cis بشكل مستقل عن بعضها البعض 7phenolic تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية 7؛ حيث يكون مضاد الأكسدة الفينولي - 4 ١ أو ]1 أو 111 وحيث T هو مركب بالصيغة sulfur المحتوي على الكبريت antioxidant 7 بيوتيل. - t أو ور هو Ria Ro «Rs «Ree Rs يكون ما لا يقل عن واحد من الشقوق Vphenolic حيث يكون مضاد الأكسدة الفينولي oY تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية - © ١ وحيث of هو مركب بالصيغة sulfur المحتوي على الكبريت antioxidant ¥87 تكون methyl ء و82 وي تكون بشكل مستقل عن بعضها البعض در0-م0 alkyl .phenolic حيث يكون مضاد الأكسدة الفينولي oF تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية - ١ ١ وحيث oll هو مركب بالصيغة sulfur المحتوي على الكبريت antioxidant Y ¢ hydrogen بق تكون ¥ ¢« alkyl أو رن hydrogen ؛ يقث تكون 4 alkyl Ci-C4 تكون Rs ° « methyl أو hydrogen بق تكون 1¢ alkyl مت تكون بهن ١+ وث18 تكون hydrogen أو نتن alkyl ؛ و4 وبع تكون hydrogen أو methyl .phenolic تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية 7؛ حيث يكون مضاد الأكسدة الفينولي - * ١ : هو مركب بالصيغة ]11 وحيث sulfur المحتوي على الكبريت antioxidant¥ دي تكون methyl «؟ ¢Ryz تكون بهن alkyl ¢Riz © تكون alkyl Ci-Ci2 ؛ و1 برقا تكون methyl .١ + - تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية )0 حيث يتم اختيار العامل المضاد للاستاتيكية المتنقل migrating antistatic agent من المجموعة التي تتألف من alkylamines Cs-Cis معالجة ethoxy = 7 ¢ ورين dialkylamines معالجة ب polyglycero! esters ¢ ethoxy مع ¢ أحماض carboxylic Cs-Cis ب a esters of glycerol أحماض ا carboxylic ¢ esters of pentaerythritol ¢ alkyl sulfonates Cs-Cis 8 مع أحماض carboxylic Cs-Cig esters of sorbitan + 1 مع أحماض مرطادين dicthanol amides ys carboxylic لأحماض carboxylic Cg-Crs ١ أو مخاليط منها.١ 4 - تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية cA حيث يتم اختيار العامل المضاد للاستاتيكية المتنقل migrating antistatic agent Y من المجموعة التي تتألف من alkylamines Cs-Cis معالجة ¥ ب ٠ ethoxy يرن 5 معالجة ب polyglycerol stearate « ethoxy « glycerol monostearate ~~ ¢ ¢ ورناحونا pentaerythritol monostearate © alkyl sulfonates- tv -« sorbitan monostearate ¢ sorbitan monopalmitate«pentaerythritol distearate ¢ © أو خلائط منها. lauric diethanol amide ¢ sorbitan monooleate 71-٠١ ١ تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية ١ حيث يتم اختيار العامل المضاد للاستاتيكية المتنقل migrating antistatic agent Y .من المجموعة التي تتألف من alkylamines معالجة ب alkyl ١ polyglycerol esters ١ ethoxy = dallas dialkylamines + ethoxy V diethanol amides s sorbitan esters « pentaerythritol esters « sulfonates ~~ ¢ للأحماض © الدهنية fatty acids أو مخاليط منها.-١١ ١ تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية of تشتمل بالإضافة إلى ذلك؛ بجانب المكونات (أ) و " (ب) و (ج) و (د)؛ على إضافات أخرى.-١١ ١ تركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية VY) تشتمل كمواد إضافة أخرى مضادات أكسدة " فينولية؛ مثبتات للضوء و / أو مثبتات معالجة.aad مرتبطة تشابكياً والتي تشتمل على polyethylene عملية لتحضير تركيبة -١“9 ١ .١ التركيبة وفقا لعنصر الحماية Ymedium and high Jelly لكابلات الجهد المتوسط cable insulation عازل كابل - ١40١ crosslinked مرتبط تشابكيا polyethylene يشتمل على بولي ايثيلين voltage cables ¥ . YY محضر وفقا لعنصر الحماية 1
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| CA2919737C (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2018-03-13 | General Cable Technologies Corp. | Tree resistant insulation compositions |
| RU2571663C2 (ru) | 2010-03-17 | 2015-12-20 | Бореалис Аг | Полимерная композиция для изготовления проводов и кабелей, обладающая преимущественными электрическими свойствами |
| RU2579146C2 (ru) | 2010-03-17 | 2016-04-10 | Бореалис Аг | Полимерная композиция для изготовления проводов и кабелей, обладающая преимущественными электрическими свойствами |
| ES2406076T3 (es) * | 2010-10-07 | 2013-06-05 | Borealis Ag | Composición de polímero |
| KR101362560B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-08 | 2014-02-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 가교 폴리에틸렌 조성물 |
| US20140017494A1 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Insulations containing non-migrating antistatic agent |
| CN102911417A (zh) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-02-06 | 濮阳市义达塑料化工有限公司 | 一种抗水树可交联的聚乙烯电缆料组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN103044749A (zh) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏金波新材料科技有限公司 | 超高分子量聚乙烯管材的制备方法 |
| KR102025351B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-29 | 2019-11-04 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 가교성 중합체 조성물, 그의 제조 방법 및 그로부터 제조된 물품 |
| CN103183863A (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-03 | 杭州邦德市政塑管有限公司 | 一种抗静电型pe材料 |
| BR112016013554B1 (pt) * | 2013-12-19 | 2021-09-14 | Borealis Ag | Composição polimérica, composição polimérica reticulada, seus usos, isolamento para cabos de alimentação, cabo de alimentação e método para obter baixa condutividade elétrica de uma composição polimérica reticulada |
| WO2015090643A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Abb Technology Ltd | An electrical hv transmission power cable |
| CN103824642B (zh) * | 2014-02-10 | 2016-04-06 | 国家电网公司 | 具有耐湿老化性的柔性电力电缆 |
| CN108026348B (zh) * | 2015-10-07 | 2021-03-09 | 联合碳化公司 | 半导体屏蔽组合物 |
| EP3387059B1 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2023-10-11 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Stabilized moisture-curable polymeric compositions |
| KR102178359B1 (ko) | 2016-11-10 | 2020-11-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 가교 폴리에틸렌 조성물 |
| JP6421217B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-11-07 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 架橋性高分子組成物、それを作製する方法、およびそれから作製される物品 |
| WO2019178747A1 (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyolefin-and-polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation |
| BR112020021132B1 (pt) * | 2018-04-26 | 2023-11-07 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Formulação de aditivo de poliolefina curável, método de preparação de uma formulação de aditivo de poliolefina curável, produto de aditivo de poliolefina reticulado, artigo fabricado, condutor revestido e método para conduzir eletricidade |
| ES2828355T3 (es) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-05-26 | Borealis Ag | Composición de poliolefina que proporciona marcado por fluorescencia |
| CA3107125A1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyolefin formulation with poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) |
| CN109111619A (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2019-01-01 | 江苏上上电缆集团有限公司 | 一种新型环保型半导电屏蔽材料及其制备方法 |
| US20200339780A1 (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-29 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Additive Systems Containing an Antioxidant and a Glycerol Stearate for Improved Color in Polyethylene Resins |
| CN111087791B (zh) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-03-26 | 兖矿集团有限公司 | 复合抗静电剂及制备方法、抗静电聚甲醛及其制备方法 |
| CN113583320B (zh) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-09-05 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 可交联聚烯烃组合物及其制备方法与应用、交联聚烯烃及其应用 |
| CN113621187B (zh) * | 2020-05-07 | 2024-05-07 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 可交联绝缘聚烯烃组合物及其制备方法与应用、交联绝缘聚烯烃及其应用 |
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| JPS533700A (en) | 1976-06-30 | 1978-01-13 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Electric insulating materials and its manufacturing method |
| US4400429A (en) | 1980-12-22 | 1983-08-23 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Tree retardant additive composition for polymeric insulation |
| JPS57126004A (en) | 1981-01-30 | 1982-08-05 | Nippon Unicar Co Ltd | Semiconductive polyolefin composition and cable using same |
| JP2544916B2 (ja) * | 1987-01-29 | 1996-10-16 | 株式会社フジクラ | 電力ケ−ブル |
| SE513079C2 (sv) * | 1997-12-15 | 2000-07-03 | Borealis As | Komposition för en elektrisk kabel |
| TW557452B (en) | 1997-12-15 | 2003-10-11 | Borealis As | A composition for an electric cable |
| TWI224607B (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2004-12-01 | Union Carbide Chem Plastic | Tree resistant cable |
| SE512745C2 (sv) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-05-08 | Abb Ab | Elektrisk DC-kabel med isoleringssystem omfattande en strängsprutad polyetenkomposition och en metod för framställning av sådan kabel |
| JP2000306433A (ja) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 絶縁樹脂組成物とこれを用いた電線、ケーブルおよび電力ケーブルの接続部 |
| AU2003266346A1 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2004-04-30 | Ciba, Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | Stabillization of organic materials |
| EP1585787B1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-06-14 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Antistatic composition |
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| ATE554134T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
| EP2074167B1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
| JP2010506985A (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
| CN101522773A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
| ES2381768T3 (es) | 2012-05-31 |
| CN101522773B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
| KR101468482B1 (ko) | 2014-12-03 |
| TW200829644A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| DK2074167T3 (da) | 2012-07-23 |
| TWI425044B (zh) | 2014-02-01 |
| WO2008046751A2 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
| KR20090078781A (ko) | 2009-07-20 |
| US8217105B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
| US20100036031A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
| JP5204780B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
| WO2008046751A3 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| EP2074167A2 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
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