RU88015U1 - DEVICE FOR PROCESSING LITTER - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for processing litter containing fermenters, a device for supplying air to the fermenters, a device for removing gases from the fermenters, characterized in that at least one fermenter is made mobile or all the fermenters are made mobile, and the mobile fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom with holes, side railing, cover; and the volume between the lid and the intermediate bottom of the mobile fermenter is between 1.4 and 70 m3, and the device for supplying air to the fermenters is configured to be connected via a duct with a cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and the device for removing gases from the fermenters is made with the possibility of connection by means of a gas duct with a cavity between the intermediate bottom and the cover; the fermenter is made with the possibility of loading the mixture through the hatch (with the hatch open) in the lid of the fermenter or through the opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the lid of the fermenter open, and the mobile fermenter is also capable of unloading the mixture through the hatch (with the lid open) in the fermenter enclosure.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the processing of litter of poultry farms and livestock complexes, the production of fertilizers and feed additives using litter of birds and animals.

State of the art

At present, in Russia, the solution to the problem of recycling agricultural waste has not yet found the proper engineering embodiment. Only poultry waste is generated annually by at least 10 million tons.

Therefore, the solution of problems of environmentally sound development of agriculture, utilization of agricultural waste, as well as creating a healthy living environment for people and animals is extremely important for the country.

The experience of developed European countries now convincingly demonstrates a successful solution to the problem of processing 100% litter to produce highly effective fertilizers and high-calorie feed additives from it.

An analogue of the invention is a device for processing litter / RF patent No. 44317, published March 10, 2005 / containing a fermenter, a device for supplying (pumping) air into the fermenter, a device for removing gases from the fermenter; the fermenter comprises a bottom, an intermediate bottom, a side fence, a gate in the side fence, a roof, and an intermediate bottom with openings for the passage of the supplied air.

A device for supplying air to the fermenter is connected to the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for removing gases from the fermenter is connected to the cavity between the intermediate bottom and the roof.

The fermenter is loaded and unloaded through one gate with a bucket loader. In this case, the initial mixture for loading into the fermenter is placed on the site in front of the doors of the fermenter. And the finished product is unloaded from the fermenter to the site in front of the doors of the fermenter.

Signs that match the features of the invention are as follows: a device for processing litter containing a fermenter, a device for supplying air, a device for venting gases; the fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom, a side fence, a roof, and an intermediate bottom is made with holes for the passage of the supplied air. A device for supplying air is connected to the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for venting gases is connected to the cavity between the intermediate bottom and the roof.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the low environmental safety of litter processing.

During work, the work site is contaminated before the fermenter is not processed litter (which is the source of the characteristic odor of the litter), carbon-containing substance and the finished product.

Geographically, the place of loading of the initial mixture into the fermenter and the place of unloading of the finished mixture (finished product) from the fermenter is located at the same place in front of the doors of the fermenter, which contributes to the ingress of the initial mixture (in particular, litter) into the finished product.

The fermenter is stationary, which involves washing and disinfection of the fermenter in the device for processing litter, with the ensuing problems of collection and treatment of wastewater.

The stationary fermenter does not allow transporting the processed mixture to it over a distance.

The second analogue of the invention is a device for the preparation of composts / RF patent No. 224697, published January 20, 2005 /, containing a fermenter (biofermenter), a device for supplying air to the fermenter, a device for removing gases from the fermenter; the fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom, a side fence, a roof, and an intermediate bottom is made with holes for the passage of the supplied air. In the side fence there are doors for loading the mixture and doors for unloading the finished product.

A device for supplying air to the fermenter is connected to the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for removing gases from the fermenter is connected to the cavity between the intermediate bottom and the roof.

Signs that match the features of the invention are as follows: a device comprising a fermenter, a device for supplying air, a device for venting gases; the fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom, a side fence, a roof, and an intermediate bottom is made with holes for the passage of the supplied air. A device for supplying air is connected to the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for venting gases is connected to the cavity between the intermediate bottom and the roof.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the low environmental safety of litter processing.

During work, the work site in front of the doors is contaminated with unrecycled litter to load the mixture into the fermenter,

During work, the work platform in front of the doors is contaminated with the finished product for unloading the finished product from the fermenter.

The fermenter is stationary, which involves washing and disinfection of the fermenter in the device for processing litter, with the ensuing problems of collection and treatment of wastewater.

The stationary fermenter does not allow transporting the processed mixture to it over a distance.

A third analogue of the invention is a fermenter device / RF patent No. 2261850, published 10.10.2005, / containing a fermenter (bioreactor), a device for supplying air to the fermenter, a device for removing gases from the fermenter; the fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom, a side fence, a roof, and an intermediate bottom is made with holes for the passage of the supplied air. In the roof there was a hatch for loading a mixture of litter and carbon-containing substance for fermentation, in the side railing a hatch was made for unloading the finished product into a coolant - a box on wheels.

A device for supplying air to the fermenter is connected to the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for removing gases from the fermenter is connected to the cavity between the intermediate bottom and the roof.

Signs that match the features of the invention are as follows: a device containing a fermenter, a device for supplying air, a device for venting gases; the fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom, a side fence, a roof, and an intermediate bottom is made with holes for the passage of the supplied air. A device for supplying air is connected to the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for venting gases is connected to the cavity between the intermediate bottom and the roof.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the low environmental safety of litter processing.

During work, the work site in the hatch area is contaminated with non-processed litter for loading the mixture into the fermenter.

During work, the work platform in front of the hatch is contaminated with the finished product for unloading the finished product from the fermenter to the cooler.

The fermenter is stationary, which involves washing and disinfection of the fermenter in the device for processing litter, with the ensuing problems of collection and treatment of wastewater.

The stationary fermenter does not allow transporting the processed mixture to it over a distance. To transport the product, an analogue uses a cooler on wheels.

The prototype is a device for processing litter / RF patent No. 2144015, published January 10, 2000 /, containing stationary fermenters arranged in two rows, a device for supplying air to the fermenters containing a blower fan or compressor, a device for removing gases from the fermenters, made in the form of a gas duct (pipe).

Each fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom, inclined at an angle to the bottom, a side fence, a cover.

The intermediate bottom is made with holes for the passage of the supplied air. The slope of the intermediate bottom is made towards the hatch in the fence for unloading the mixture.

At the same time, the device for supplying air to the fermenters is made with the possibility of connecting through the duct with a cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and the device for removing gases from the fermenters is made with the possibility of connecting with the gas duct (pipe) with a cavity between the intermediate bottom and the cover. The mixture, located in the fermenter, is heated by the coolant in the pipe.

The mixture is loaded into the fermenter and the mixture is unloaded from the fermenter through various hatches in the fence. When the fermenter is operating, the hatches are closed with covers. The angle of inclination of the intermediate bottom to the bottom is selected so that the finished mixture under the influence of gravity with an open hatch independently pours out through the hatch onto the conveyor belt.

With the essential features of the invention, the following set of features of the prototype coincides: A device for processing litter containing fermenters, a device for supplying air to the fermenters, a device for removing gases from the fermenters; each fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom, a side fence, a cover, and an intermediate bottom is made with openings for the passage of the supplied air, while the device for supplying air to the fermenters is made with the possibility of connection via an air duct with a cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for the removal of gases from the fermenters is made with the possibility of connection by means of a gas duct with a cavity between the intermediate bottom and the cover.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low environmental safety of litter processing.

During operation, the work platform is contaminated with unprocessed litter, carbon-containing substance - in front of the loading hatch and the finished product (in particular, fertilizer) - in front of the unloading hatch, around the working conveyor.

When settling the mixture in the fermenter, this place in the device cannot be used for processing another portion of the mixture.

Structurally, the device does not allow the unloading of the processed mixture (finished fertilizer or feed additive) directly into the car body or bag. Unloading can be carried out using a conveyor belt.

The device is stationary and does not allow: transportation of the fermenter with the processed mixture over long distances;

mixing the mixture in the fermenter before fermentation and in the fermentation process by turning the fermenter relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes;

wash and disinfect the fermenter outside the litter processing unit;

urgently cool the mixture in the fermenter by removing the fermenter from the device for processing litter and placing it, for example, in the open air at low temperatures.

The aim of the invention is to increase the environmental safety of industrial processing of litter.

The goal is achieved in that the device for processing litter contains fermenters, a device for supplying air to the fermenters, a device for removing gases from the fermenters, and the invention differs from the prototype in that at least one fermenter is made mobile or all the fermenters are made mobile, and a mobile fermenter comprises a bottom, an intermediate bottom with holes, a side fence, a cover; and the volume between the cover and the intermediate bottom of the mobile fermenter is from 1.4 m ³ to 70 m ³ and, moreover, the device for supplying air to the fermenters is configured to be connected by means of an air duct with a cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and the device for removing gases from fermenters made with the possibility of connection by means of a gas duct with a cavity between the intermediate bottom and the cover;

the fermenter is made with the possibility of loading the mixture through the hatch (with the hatch open) in the lid of the fermenter or through the opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the lid of the fermenter open, and the mobile fermenter is also capable of unloading the mixture through the hatch (with the lid open) in the fermenter enclosure.

Technical results when implementing the invention can be as follows.

1. In connection with the implementation of mobile fermenters, it becomes possible to load them with a mixture of litter and a carbon-containing substance in a specially designated place - under a device for mixing the components of a mixture of litter with a carbon-containing substance (under a mixer) and discharge it in a specially prepared place. This eliminates the pollution of the work site with unprocessed litter, carbon-containing substance and the finished product (in particular, fertilizer).

A device for mixing the components of the mixture (mixer) is located above the surface of the working platform with the possibility of placing a mobile fermenter under it.

2. It is possible to sediment the mixture in the fermenter outside the device for processing litter with the release of space in the device for installing another fermenter with the mixture for fermentation

3. It is possible to urgently cool the mixture in the fermenter by removing the fermenter from the device for processing litter and placing it, for example, in the open air at low ambient temperatures.

4. It is possible to unload the processed mixture (finished fertilizer or feed additive) directly into the car body or bag without an intermediary device, in particular, a conveyor belt, front lift with a bucket.

In the first analogue, in real work (in which the authors of the claimed device participated), front-end loaders with a bucket of 0.14-0.40 m ³ SSL series of Japanese production are used to load, unload and mix the mixture.

5. It is possible to efficiently ferment a mixture weighing from 1 ton to 49 tons and to transport the fermenter with the processed mixture over long distances, as well as the possibility of unloading the processed mixture from the fermenter directly to the storage on site or in containers on site.

6. It is possible to mix the mixture in the fermenter before fermentation and in the fermentation process by turning the fermenter relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes using a lifting transport device. For this, the bottom and the guard of the fermenter in contact with the elements of the lifting transport device can be strengthened.

7. Provides the ability to wash and disinfect the fermenter outside the device for processing litter in a designated place.

In addition, when devices for supplying air to the fermenters and removing gases from the fermenters are disconnected from the fermenter, the fermenter can be used for anaerobic fermentation (fermentation without oxygen access).

The territorial separation of the place of loading of the initial mixture into the fermenter and the place of unloading of the finished mixture (finished product) from the fermenter prevents the ingress of the initial mixture into the finished product.

The presence in the device for processing litter of several fermenters allows in one of them to process litter into fertilizer, and in the other - to process litter into a feed additive.

Brief Description of the Drawing

Figure 1 presents a top view of the fermentable mixture in the fermenter with partitions during the first stage of research to justify the minimum volume of the working cavity of the fermenter.

Figure 2 presents a top view of the fermentable mixture in the fermenter with partitions during the second stage of research to justify the minimum volume of the working cavity of the fermenter.

Figure 3 presents a typical scheme of the fermenter (according to the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 224697) for fermentation of a mixture of litter and carbon-containing material.

Figure 4 presents a diagram of the claimed device for processing litter containing mobile fermenters.

Figure 5 presents a mobile fermenter.

Figure 6 presents a section bB of the mobile fermenter.

7 shows a view In a mobile fermenter.

On Fig shows the loading of the fermenter with a mixture of litter and carbon-containing substances.

Figure 9 presents the rack with mobile fermenters.

Figure 10 presents a mobile fermenter moved using a lifting transport device.

Figure 11 presents a diagram of the discharge of the mixture from a mobile fermenter.

On Fig presents a possible scheme of the swing of the fermenter in the longitudinal plane.

The implementation of the invention

A serious environmental problem in the Russian Federation is the problem of preventing the accumulation of poultry waste and, above all, chicken droppings.

This problem can only be successfully solved if an effective method of mass processing of litter into commercial products and, above all, into fertilizers is developed.

At present, in Russia, the solution to the problem of recycling agricultural waste has not yet found the proper engineering embodiment. Only poultry waste is generated annually by at least 10 million tons.

Therefore, the solution of problems of environmentally sound development of agriculture, utilization of agricultural waste, as well as creating a healthy living environment for people and animals is extremely important for the country.

The experience of developed European countries now convincingly demonstrates a successful solution to the problem of processing 100% litter to produce highly effective fertilizers and high-calorie feed additives from it.

The problem of processing chicken manure is multifaceted and includes a number of particular tasks, one of which is the choice of rational dimensions and the number of fermenters for a particular poultry farm. The size and number of fermenters depends on the capacity of the poultry farm.

So, from one average capacity of the poultry farm (400.0 thousand laying hens or 6 million broilers) up to 40 thousand tons of bird droppings are received annually.

For disposal (industrial processing) 40 thousand tons litter requires the construction of processing devices of high productivity.

Today, the main trend in litter disposal is the production of environmentally friendly and highly effective fertilizers by aerobic solid-phase fermentation.

The method of solid-phase fermentation can be of two types:

- passive method of aerobic solid-phase fermentation of bird droppings;

- an active method of aerobic solid-phase fermentation of bird droppings. The essence of the passive method of aerobic solid-phase fermentation of bird droppings

consists in mixing organic components - carbon-containing materials (peat, straw, sawdust, lignin, etc.) in certain proportions with litter, and after long-term storage (1-2 years), organic fertilizer naturally ripens in the piles.

The essence of the active method of aerobic solid-phase fermentation (hereinafter referred to as aerobic solid-phase fermentation or simply fermentation) of poultry manure is that a mixture of organic components — carbon-containing materials (substances) and manure — is loaded into a fermenter device in which the mixture is aerated and processed by fermentation.

In the process of aerobic solid-phase fermentation of a mixture, an intensive quantitative growth of meso- and thermophilic microorganisms occurs. They consume up to 30% of the substances of the processed mixture. As a result of dissimilation, heat is released, which contributes to an increase in the number of microorganisms.

The process of aerobic solid phase fermentation consists of three periods.

The first period is the climatic microflora. This period under appropriate conditions can be from 12 to 50 hours. This time can be reduced due to forced heating of the organic mass from artificial heat sources (hot water supply, purging with hot air through a layer of fermentable mass).

The second period is the intensive development and quantitative growth of mesophilic, and then thermophilic bacteria - 20-60 hours, accompanied by heat and temperature increase of the fermented mass from 30 ° C to 65-80 ° C.

The third period is a decrease in temperature to a level below 30 ° C. The duration of this period may be 36 hours or more. This period can be carried out already outside the fermenter or device for processing litter, since the growth of microorganisms has already been completed in the fermented mass. After the completion of the third period, the mass is cooled to ambient temperature.

Here is an example of choosing the number of fermenters for industrial processing of litter.

In a particular case, for processing 40 thousand tons of litter, 20 thousand tons of peat is needed. The amount of peat is selected depending on the characteristics of the litter, as well as the total content of nutrients in the mixture (C, N, P, K).

Practice (in Russia now) shows that during research processing of litter, less than 10% of the total weight of the obtained litter is processed at a specific poultry farm.

The total weight of the mixture processed at a typical poultry farm in Russia per year will be 60 thousand tons, which with a bulk density of the mixture equal to 0.6 t / m ^{3 the} total volume of the mixture processed per year will be 100 thousand m ³ .

It will be necessary to process 274 m ³ per day.

If you build a fermenter 4 m high, 5.5 m wide, 11 m long, the internal volume of the fermenter will be 242 m ³ . When the height of the mixture in the fermenter is 1.2 m, the useful volume for fermentation will be 72.6 m ³ .

To load the daily norm of the mixture in 274 m ^3, 4 fermenters will be required. When fermenting the mixture for 3-4 days, an additional 12 fermenters will be required. Thus, the total number of fermenters for processing 40 thousand tons of bird droppings per year will require at least 16 fermenters, with the above dimensions.

If the length of the fermenter is reduced from 11 m to 5.5 m, the total number of fermenters for processing 40 thousand tons of bird droppings per year will increase from 16 to 32 pieces.

If the width of the fermenter is increased from 5.5 m to 11 m, then the total number of fermenters for processing 40 thousand tons of bird droppings per year will decrease from 16 to 8 pieces.

The above calculation shows that the choice of the size of the fermenter has a significant effect on the number of fermenters, their cost, and therefore on the cost of fertilizer obtained.

It should be noted that today most poultry farms have no devices for processing litter.

Therefore, such poultry farms accumulate droppings near production zones.

This leads to large losses of valuable fertilizing qualities of the litter, the death of bacteria involved in the aerobic processing of the mixture, which will significantly complicate the fermentation process in the future.

Given the complexity and relevance of solving the problem of utilization of bird droppings, as well as the magnitude of the negative impact on the ecological well-being of the land adjacent to poultry farms, with the simultaneous loss of huge quantities of valuable organic components and chemicals in the litter, the authors over the past 5 years have conducted a series of studies to determine: optimal the ratio of litter and carbon-containing material in the fermented mixture, the humidity of the mixture, the influence of complexones and complexonates on farm efficiency tation, the effect of heating ya fermentation time, the minimum and maximum size of the fermenter for a particular poultry farm.

Sanitary and bacteriological studies, in which the authors participated, showed that 10 g of peat-sawdust-litter mix prepared from fresh litter contains up to 300 million meso- and thermophilic microorganisms (bacteria), and they are extremely active, can multiply under favorable conditions doubling your amount in 10-20 minutes.

In 10 g of peat-sawdust-litter mixture prepared from litter, lying in air for 30 days, up to 100 million meso- and thermophilic microorganisms are already contained.

In 10 g of peat-sawdust-litter mixture prepared from litter, which has been lying in the air for 90 days, contains up to 10 million meso- and thermophilic microorganisms, most of which are inactive.

Studies have also shown that with prolonged exposure of manure to air (more than 30 days) in its volume appear areas in which active meso- and thermophilic microorganisms are practically absent.

According to the results of studies, it can be stated that in the production of fertilizers from “not fresh” (lying for a long time in the air) litter, the conditions for active participation in the fermentation of meso- and thermophilic microorganisms are not provided. Anaerobic microorganisms often grow in such a mixture, which significantly affects the development of mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms, which ultimately during fermentation will not allow creating a uniform concentration of meso and thermophilic microorganisms in the fermented mass, as well as a uniform temperature regime in volume, which would ensure reliable sterilization of fertilizers.

For research, a fermenter was used, which is described in patent No. 44317, published March 10, 2005 (by Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Shelikhov).

The area of the perforated bottom of the fermenter was 60.5 m. The dimensions of the bottom: width - 5.5 m, length - 11 m.

With the help of partitions made of plywood sheets with a layer of foam, isolated volumes were formed on the bottom for the fermentation of the mixture. The height of the partitions was 1.7 m. The height of the fermented mixture in each isolated volume was 1.39-1.40 m.

The mixture consisted of 70% chicken manure and 30% sawdust. The tests used litter, lying in air at a temperature of 10-22 ° C for one month.

The bulk density of the mixture was 0.6 t / m. The purge mode was the same for all isolated cells and provided a reliable supply of microorganisms with air.

Research took place in two stages. At each stage, a different composition of isolated volumes was used.

After each fermentation, a mixture of litter and sawdust from the cells at which the temperature did not exceed 64 ° C was discharged into the piles for subsequent additional fermentation.

Figure 1 presents a top view of the fermentable mixture in a fermenter with partitions. A fermenter with this design of partitions was used in the first stage of research. In total, at the first stage, 10 fermentations (tests) were carried out.

Positions 1 and 2 indicate isolated volumes with a bottom size of 2 × 3 m, with a capacity of 5 tons each.

Positions 3, 4, 5 and 6 indicate isolated volumes with a bottom size of 1.2 × 1 m, with a capacity of 1 ton each.

Positions 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 indicate isolated volumes with a bottom size of 0.6 × 1 m each, with a capacity of 0.5 tons each.

Positions 16, 17, 18.19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 denote isolated volumes with a bottom size of 0.1 × 0.6 m and a capacity of 0.05 tons each.

Positions 26, 27.28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 indicate isolated volumes with a bottom size of 0.1 × 1.2 m and a capacity of 0.1 tons each.

Positions 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 indicate isolated volumes with a bottom size of 1.08 × 1 m, with a capacity of 0.9 tons each.

Positions 41,42,43,44,45 and 46 denote isolated volumes with a bottom size of 0.84 × 1 m each, with a capacity of 0.7 tons each.

Positions 47.48 and 49 denote isolated volumes with a bottom size of 1.8 × 2 m, with a capacity of 3 tons each.

In each isolated volume in the center of the fermented mixture was placed a thermocouple connected to a tester to control the temperature of the mixture.

In volumes 50, 51, 52, and 53 of the mixture, the temperature was not controlled.

The research results are presented in table 1.

Analysis of the research results showed that in isolated volumes 1 and 2 with a mixture weight of 5 tons in each volume, in isolated volumes 3, 4, 5 and 6 with a mixture weight of 1 ton in each volume, in isolated volumes 47.48 and 49 with a weight mixtures of 3 tons in each volume; fermentation of the mixture in all tests was successful. The temperature of the mixture rose above 64 ° C.

In an isolated volume of 7, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 8, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 9, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 10, 3 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 11, 3 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 12, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 13, 3 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 14, 1 successful fermentation out of 10 was carried out.

In an isolated volume of 15, 3 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 16, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 17, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 18, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 19, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 20, 2 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 21, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 22, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 23, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 24, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 25, 2 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 26, 3 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 27, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 28, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 29, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 30, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 31, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 32, 4 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 33, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 34, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 35, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 36, 6 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 37, 8 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 38, 7 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 39, 6 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 40, 8 successful fermentations out of 10 were completed.

In an isolated volume of 41, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 42, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 43, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 44, 4 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 45, 5 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 46, 6 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

Figure 2 presents a top view of the fermentable mixture in a fermenter with partitions. A fermenter with this design of partitions was used in the second stage of research. In total, 10 fermentations (tests) were carried out at this stage.

Position 54 indicates an isolated volume with a bottom size of 4 × 2 m, with a capacity of 7 tons.

Position 55 denotes an isolated volume with a bottom size of 4 × 2 m, with a capacity of 7 tons.

Position 56 denotes an isolated volume with a bottom size of 4 × 2 m, with a capacity of 7 tons.

Position 57 denotes an isolated volume with a bottom size of 4.3 × 2.4 m, with a capacity of 9 tons.

58 denotes an isolated volume with a bottom size of 4.3 × 2.4 m and a capacity of 9 tons.

In each isolated volume in the center of the fermented mixture was placed a thermocouple connected to a tester to control the temperature of the mixture. In a volume of 59 mixtures, the temperature was not controlled. The research results are presented in table 2. Analysis of the research results showed the following.

In an isolated volume of 54, 10 successful 10 fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 55, 10 successful 10 fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 56, 10 successful 10 fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 57, 10 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

In an isolated volume of 58, 10 out of 10 successful fermentations were completed.

Thus, summarizing the results obtained at two stages of research, we can conclude that reliable fermentation takes place in a mixture whose weight is 1 ton or more.

The results of studies related to the processing of litter obtained by the authors show that during fermentation, the bulk density of the mixture loaded into the fermenter for processing is in the range from 0.35 to 0.70 t / m, while the moisture content in the mixture (weight or mass fraction of moisture) is a value from 25% to 75%. The content of organic substances in the mixture loaded into the fermenter for processing is from 35% to 95%.

The volume of the fermenter, in this case, should be at least 1.4 m ³ - 2.9 m ³ , depending on the bulk density of the fermented mixture.

The dimensions of the fermenter, for example, can be 1 × 1 × 1.4 m or 1 × 2.9 × 1 m.

The maximum volume of the fermenter may be limited by the volume of the allocated room, the area under the fermenter, or be limited by other factors.

Studies conducted by the authors showed that fermentation of a mixture in a fermenter with a working cavity volume of less than 1.4 m ^{3 is} ineffective (not reliable) - a relatively high probability of unsuccessful fermentation.

To increase the fermentation efficiency of the litter mixture in small volumes, grown strains of meso- and thermophilic microorganisms are added to it, which multiply and process the mixture of litter and carbon-containing material.

Meso- and thermophilic microorganisms require a very large number. Agricultural research institutes have special laboratories that grow and store microorganisms. However, artificially grown microorganisms often do not take root in a fermentable mixture. For each composition of the fermented mixture, as a rule, the growing of a unique consortium of microorganisms is required, which requires a long time and high costs. All this significantly complicates the industrial processing of litter. And makes fermentation in small volumes impossible.

Thus, the volume of the working cavity equal and large 1.4 m ³ is an essential sign of the fermenters engaged in industrial processing of litter.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

A fermenter is a device in which fermentation takes place.

In literature, along with the term fermenter, the terms fermenter, biofermenter, biofermenter, compost preparation device, organic waste processing device, fermenter device, litter disposal device, etc. are used.

Fermenters, in particular, are described in RF patents No. 2261850; No. 2144015, No. 2244697, No. 2237047, No. 2181712, No. 44317.

Fermentation is the process of processing the components of litter and carbon-containing material by bacteria under aerobic and / or anaerobic conditions.

In the literature, along with the term fermentation, the terms fermentation, biofermentation, biofermentation, utilization of litter, etc. are used.

Figure 3 presents a typical scheme of the fermenter (according to the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 224697) for fermentation of a mixture of litter and carbon-containing material.

The fermenter contains a working cavity for the fermented mixture and is configured to aerate the mixture located in the working cavity.

In figure 3, the following positions are numbered:

60 - a device for supplying (forcing) air 67 to the fermenter. May contain a fan or fans, a compressor, a cylinder of compressed air. Along with air, a non-air gas, such as ammonia, can be supplied to the fermenter. In this regard, the name of the device does not change, since it delivers a mixture of gases, which include air. A device 60 for supplying air to the fermenter is connected to the cavity between the bottom 62 and the intermediate bottom 63 by means of an air duct 69 through an opening in the guard 64.

If the device for processing litter includes how many fermenters and each of the fermenters contains a stand-alone device for supplying air to the fermenter (that is, each of the fermenters contains its own device for supplying air to the fermenter) then these stand-alone devices for supplying air to the fermenters collectively called: "Device for supplying air to the fermenters." In other words, it is said that the device for processing litter contains a device for supplying air to the fermenters, and the device for supplying air to the fermenters contains a device (stand-alone device) for supplying air to a particular fermenter.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144015 a device for processing litter is presented, which contains a device for supplying air to the fermenters, and a device for supplying air to the fermenters common to all fermenters.

In general, a device for supplying air to fermenters may not be connected to all fermenters.

To designate a single device for all fermenters is the concept: "Device for supplying air to all fermenters."

A device for supplying air to the fermenters can be used both for supplying air and for removing gases from the working cavities of the fermenters. For this, it is necessary that during the removal of gases the fan does not supply air to the fermenters, but aspirates the gases from the working cavities of the fermenters. This can be achieved, in particular, by reconnecting the fan to the other phases of the three-phase supply network.

In this case, the name of the device "Device for supplying air to the fermenters" does not change.

61 is a device for removing gases 68 from the fermenter. May contain fan or fans, exhaust pipe. A device for removing gases from the fermenter is connected to the working cavity of the fermenter by means of a gas duct 71 through an opening in the lid 65 of the fermenter.

Alternatively, the device for removing gases from the fermenter can be made in the form of an opening in the fence, or in the form of an opening in the lid of the fermenter, or in the form of an opening and a chimney.

If the device for processing litter includes how many fermenters and each of the fermenters contains a stand-alone device for removing gases from the fermenter (that is, each of the fermenters contains its own device for removing gases from the fermenter), then these stand-alone devices for removing gases are collectively called : “Device for removing gases from fermenters”. In other words, it is said that the device for processing litter contains a device for removing gases from the fermenters, and the device for removing gases from the fermenters contains a device (stand-alone device) for removing gases from a specific fermenter.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144015 a device for processing litter is presented, which comprises a device for removing gases from fermenters, and a device for removing gases from fermenters is the same for all fermenters.

In general, a device for removing gases from fermenters may not be connected to all fermenters.

To designate a single device for all fermenters is the concept: "Device for the removal of gases from all fermenters."

A device for removing gases from the fermenter can be used both for the removal of gases and for aeration of the mixture in the working cavity of the fermenter. For this, it is necessary that during aeration, the fan does not suck out gas from the fermenter, but supply air from the environment to the fermenter. This can be achieved, in particular, by reconnecting the fan to the other phases of the three-phase supply network.

In this case, the name of the device "Device for removing gases from the fermenter" does not change.

63 - intermediate bottom of the fermenter. The term "intermediate" is introduced because the bottom is located between the bottom and the lid of the fermenter. The intermediate bottom is made with holes 66 for the passage of the supplied air 67. The intermediate bottom is also called a perforated bottom. In the design of the bottom can use sheet materials with holes, nets, gratings.

64 - side fence fermenter or just a fence. As a side fence, walls can be used (when performing a fermenter, for example, in the form of a prism), a shell can be used (when performing a fermenter, for example, in the form of a barrel). The fence connects the bottom and the cover of the fermenter, separates (encloses) the working cavity of the fermenter from the environment.

65 - fermenter lid. Along with the term “cover”, the terms “roof”, “overlap”, “upper overlap”, etc. are used.

The lid, guard and bottom of the fermenter form the fermenter body.

66 - holes in the intermediate bottom for the passage of the supplied air and the passage of fluid from the mixture 78 into the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom. The holes can be performed, for example, in the form of perforations, in the form of mesh cells.

67 - supplied (pumped) air - a mixture of gases in the atmosphere. The arrows indicate the direction of air movement during the operation of the fermenter. The main components of the air at the Earth's surface are nitrogen N ₂ , oxygen O ₂ and argon Ar. The composition of the air includes other gases: CO ₂ , Ne, He, Kr, N ₂ O, H ₂ .

In addition to these gases, air contains water vapor (0.002-4% by mass), and in the surface air there is always a large amount of suspended solid and liquid particles forming aerosols. In addition, air may contain other substances and gases.

68 - gases (or gases and vapors) that accumulate in the space between the upper boundary of the fermented mixture and the lid. The gases may be air, ammonia (during aerobic fermentation) or methane (during anaerobic fermentation). The arrows indicate the direction of gas movement during the operation of the fermenter.

69 is an air duct connecting the device 60 with the cavity 70 between the bottom and the intermediate bottom. The air duct can be made in the form of a pipe, duct. As the material of the duct use metal, plastic, composite material, asbestos, rubber. The duct is also called a gas duct.

The length of the duct and its flow area determine the resistance to air movement through the duct. With increasing length of the duct, resistance to air movement increases. With a decrease in the passage area of the duct, resistance to air movement increases. Duct cross section — The cross section of the duct opening.

70 - a cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom. Serves to supply air coming from the duct 69, into the holes 66 in the intermediate bottom. Also, excess liquid from the mixture 78 located in the working cavity of the fermenter enters the cavity 70.

71 - gas duct (gas duct) connecting the working cavity of the fermenter and the device 61. The gas duct can be made in the form of a pipe, duct. The gas duct material used is metal, plastic, composite material, asbestos, and rubber.

The length of the gas duct and its flow area determine the resistance to movement of gas or gases along the gas duct. With an increase in the length of the gas duct, resistance to gas movement increases. With a decrease in the area of the gas duct passage, the resistance to gas movement increases. The gas duct passage is the cross section of the gas duct hole.

72 - the working cavity of the fermenter or the internal working cavity of the fermenter. The working cavity is also called the working volume, the internal working volume of the fermenter. The working cavity is designed to accommodate a mixture for fermentation and the aerobic and / or anaerobic fermentation of the mixture. Alternatively, the cavity may be located between the intermediate bottom 63 and the cover 65. The working cavity is laterally limited by a guard. In the working cavity 72 is a mixture of 78 litter and carbon-containing material for processing by fermentation.

The working cavity of the fermenter is intended for processing (fermentation or fermentation) of the mixture of litter, at least with materials containing carbon in a fertilizer or feed additive.

A mixture of litter with materials containing carbon is obtained using a device for mixing the components of the mixture.

A device for mixing the components of the mixture may be stationary or mobile.

As a stationary device for mixing the components of the mixture (litter and carbon-containing material), a mixer is used, in particular, a twin-shaft paddle mixer with a capacity of 0.6 to 3 Ot / h and a capacity of 20 kg to 1,500 kg. The mixer provides batch mixing of components with different bulk density. High quality mixing is achieved by the mixer created by the effect of mechanical zero gravity. The homogeneity of the mixture is 90-95%. Mixing time 1-2 minutes.

The device of the mixer allows you to get a homogeneous mixture of substances (for example, bulk products), including liquids.

In the device for mixing the components of the mixture by means of belt conveyors, litter and carbon-containing material located in various containers (containers) are supplied in the required proportion.

A device for mixing the components of the mixture (mixer) is located above the surface of the working platform with the possibility of placing underneath the means of transporting the mixture.

As a mobile device for mixing the components of the mixture can use a frontal loader with a bucket.

The term "mobile" is made with the possibility of movement, in particular, made with the ability to move around the work site and beyond. Mobile - made with the possibility of both independent movement and movement using another device, for example, using a car, tractor, lifting transport device.

As a lifting transport device, a mobile loader or crane equipment (self-propelled crane, truck mounted crane, overhead crane, gantry crane, etc.) can be used to move the fermenter weighing 25 tons or more.

As a mobile loader, a forklift or electric forklift can be used.

73 - a hatch in the fence for unloading the finished product.

74 - a hatch in the fence for loading the mixture into the fermenter.

Hatch - a closing hole inside something, in particular inside the fermenter. If the hatch can be used to pass a person into the fermenter, then it is called a door. The hatch may be closed by a lid or other device, in particular, gauges.

An opening in the fermenter housing or an opening into the working cavity of the fermenter is a hole of any configuration in the housing through which access to the internal working cavity of the fermenter is provided. In a particular case, the opening can be made in a fence (in the wall, in the shell) and have a round or rectangular shape.

In the particular case, the hatch in the fence can serve as a wall in the fence, if it is made removable or opening. The hatch is a special case of the opening.

The opening can be formed by removing one of the walls of the fermenter or lid.

75 - sections of the hatch.

76 - manhole cover.

77 - work platform in front of the hatch in the fence for unloading the finished product.

78 is a mixture of litter and carbonaceous material. This mixture is also called the starting mixture, the starting mixture for fermentation, the mixture for fermentation.

A fermentation mixture is a mixture of litter and a carbon-containing material (substance). Carbon-containing material is also called carbon-containing material. As the material containing carbon use sawdust, shavings, straw, hay, tops, bonfire, lignin, peat and other substances.

Typically, the elements of the device for processing litter are located on the job site.

Experience in processing litter shows that the working platform may include a place for preparing a mixture of litter and carbon-containing material, a place for loading the mixture into the fermenter, a location for the fermenter, a place for the fermenter to connect to the air supply device and the gas exhaust device, and the place where the mixture is unloaded from the fermenter (from working cavity of the fermenter), roads, storage areas, etc.

The fermenter may include devices for controlling the temperature of the mixture located in the working cavity of the fermenter.

Fencing can be performed using metal sheet material, plastic sheet material, reinforced concrete slabs, bricks, wood, plywood.

The intermediate bottom can be made using a mesh (metal mesh) or mesh (metal mesh), sheet material with holes, gratings.

The bottom of the fermenter can be made using metal sheet material, plastic sheet material, reinforced concrete slabs, bricks, wood, plywood.

The lid of the fermenter can be made of metal, wood, plastic, in particular, polyethylene, rubber.

The claimed device for processing litter can be used in the processing of waste (litter) of livestock complexes and poultry farms, the production of fertilizers and feed additives from the feces of animals and birds with increased environmental safety.

The difference between the claimed device from analogues is the presence in it of mobile fermenters. In the General case, the device for processing litter may contain mobile and stationary fermenters.

A 40-foot container, widely used for transporting goods by rail, can serve as a housing for a mobile fermenter with a maximum volume.

Dimensions of a 40-foot container:

height 2.591 m;

width 2.438 m;

length 12.192 m.

When the height of the working cavity is equal to 2.35 m (the height of the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom of the fermenter is 24 cm), the volume of the working cavity of the fermenter made from the container is 70 m ³ .

When loading the working cavity with the fermentation mixture to the entire height of the fermenter cavity, with a bulk density of the mixture 0.35-0.7 t / m ³ , the weight of the mixture will be 24.5-49 t.

When loading a working cavity with a volume of 70 m ³ with a fermentation mixture to the entire height of the fermenter cavity, with a bulk density of the mixture 0.7 t / m ³ , the weight of the mixture will be 49 tons. This is the maximum weight of the mixture for a mobile fermenter.

The weight of the container is 26 tons. Thus the weight of the container with the mixture is 75 tons.

It is possible to move such a load on the working platform, raise it, lower it with the help of a bridge crane or a gantry crane of the corresponding lifting capacity.

A mobile fermenter may be smaller.

A loaded fermenter with a total weight of 1 Ot can be moved around the work platform using a D100 loader (manufactured by DAEWOO).

A loaded fermenter with a total weight of 12 tons can be moved around the working platform using a 120.40D loader (manufactured by IVECO).

A loaded fermenter with a total weight of 25 tons can be moved around the work platform using a 250.40D loader (manufactured by Cimmins).

A special case of using the device is described below on the example of processing litter into fertilizer.

The claimed device for processing litter contains mobile fermenters 86 and 87 (see figure 4), a device for supplying air to the fermenters 88, a device for removing gases from the fermenters 89.

Each fermenter contains a bottom 90 (see FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6), an intermediate bottom 91, a side fence 92, a cover 93, and an intermediate bottom with openings 94 for passage of the supplied air from the cavity 95 between the bottom 90 and intermediate bottom 91 into the working cavity of the fermenter 96, located in the second tier.

The lid of the fermenter 93 can be made of metal, wood, plastic. In addition, the cover can be made elastic, for example, from rubber, tarpaulin, polyethylene and other material.

A device 88 for supplying air to the fermenters is connected via duct 97 to the cavity 95 between the bottom and the intermediate bottom of one of the fermenters and connected via duct 98 to the cavity 99 between the bottom and the intermediate bottom of the other fermenter.

A device 89 for removing gases from the fermenters is connected by means of a gas duct 100 with a cavity 96 between the intermediate bottom 91 and the cover 93 of one of the fermenters, and connected by a gas duct 101 with a cavity 102 between the intermediate bottom 103 and the cover 104 of another fermenter.

The fermenters 86 and 87 are made mobile, with the possibility of movement using a lifting transport device 105 (see figure 10).

The volume between the lid and the intermediate bottom of each mobile fermenter is 12 m ³ . The dimensions of the working cavity of the fermenter: height - 2 m, width - 2 m, length - 3 m.

The maximum weight of the mixture at 100% loading of the working cavity is 9.6 tons (with a bulk density of the mixture equal to 0.6 t / m ³ ).

The weight of the mixture at 80% loading of the working cavity is 7.68 tons (with a bulk density of the mixture equal to 0.6 t / m ³ ).

A loaded fermenter with such a weight is moved along the working platform using a 120.40D loader (manufactured by IVECO).

The mobile fermenter is configured to load the mixture through the hatch 106 (see Fig. 5) with the hatch 107 open. The hatch 106 is made in the lid 93 of the fermenter. In addition, the mobile fermenter is configured to load the mixture through the opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the lid of the fermenter open. On Fig presents a loading diagram of the mixture 108 of the fermenter 84 through the opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the lid 85 of the fermenter open (the cover is removed from the fermenter).

The mobile fermenter is configured to discharge the mixture through the hatch 109 (see FIG. 5) with the hatch cover 110 open in the fermenter guard 92.

In the description of the device, the term "made with the possibility of connection" is used since the device for supplying air to the fermenters 88 and the device for removing gases from the fermenters 89 can be connected to the fermenter, or can be disconnected from the fermenter.

The duct 97 is configured to change the area of the passage through the valve 111 to change the resistance to movement of air into the cavity 95 of the fermenter.

The duct 98 is also configured to change the area of the passage through the valve 112 to change the resistance to movement of air into the cavity 99 of the fermenter.

The gas duct 100 is configured to change the area of the passage through the valve 113 to change the resistance to movement of gas in the cavity 96 of the fermenter.

The gas pipe 101 is configured to change the area of the passage through the valve 114 to change the resistance to movement of gas into the cavity 102 of the fermenter.

In addition, each of the above gas ducts can be made with the possibility of changing the area of the bore due to deformation (compression, in order to reduce the area of the bore).

Each duct can also be configured to change the area of the bore due to local deformation (compression, in order to reduce the area of the bore).

For the distribution of air through the ducts 97 and 98, a manifold 115 is used.

A collector 116 is used to receive gas from the gas ducts 100 and 101.

Mobile fermenters are located on rack 117. In addition, ducts, gas ducts, manifolds, a device for supplying air to the fermenters and a device for removing gases from the fermenters are fixed to the rack.

In the General case, the device for processing litter may contain both mobile and stationary fermenters.

In addition, the fermenters can be mounted on top of each other, for example, in two tiers.

In the device for processing litter use a stationary device for mixing the components of the mixture.

A stationary device for mixing the components of the mixture is shown in the drawing of Fig. 8 and is indicated by 79. Litter from the tank 82 and carbon-containing substance (material) from the tank 83 are fed to the device through the belt conveyors 80 and 81 in the required proportion. Mixing and grinding takes place in the device 79 components of the mixture: litter and carbon-containing substance, using screws. After mixing, the mixture 108 is discharged into the fermenter 84 through the opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the cover of the fermenter 85 removed.

As a stationary device for mixing the mixture components, a DLS-1.5 twin-shaft paddle mixer with a capacity of 30 t / h and a capacity of 1,500 kg is used. Mixing time 2 minutes.

The working platform includes a place for loading a mixture of manure and carbon-containing substance into the fermenter (see Fig. 8), a place for connecting the fermenter to a device for supplying air to the fermenters and to a device for removing gases from the fermenters (see Fig. 4), and a place for unloading the mixture from fermenter (see Fig. 11), the location of the fermenters (see Fig. 9), roads 118, storage areas, etc.

The location of the fermenters (see Fig. 9) is the location of the racks 119, on which the fermenters are located, indicated by positions 120 to 125. On the rack, places 126 and 127 free from fermenters are indicated.

At least two fermenters or all fermenters can be made mobile, with the possibility of independent movement on wheels, or with the possibility of moving with a trolley, or with the possibility of moving using a lifting transport device 105 (see figure 10).

As a lifting transport device, a mobile loader or crane equipment (self-propelled crane, loader crane, overhead crane, gantry crane, etc.) is used to move the fermenter weighing from 25 tons to 49 tons.

As a mobile loader can be used forklift, electric forklift, gantry crane or other crane.

A mobile fermenter can be arranged to move at least between the place of loading of the mixture of litter and carbon-containing substance into the fermenter and the place where the fermenter is connected to the device for supplying air to the fermenters and to the device for removing gases from the fermenters

The mobile fermenter can be arranged to move at least between the point where the fermenter is connected to the device for supplying air to the fermenters and the device for removing gases from the fermenters and the place where the mixture is unloaded from the fermenter

A device for removing gases from the fermenters can be connected to the working cavity of the fermenter through a gas duct through an opening in the lid and / or through an opening in the enclosure

A device for supplying air to the fermenters can be connected to the cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom through an opening in the bottom and / or through an opening in the fence

The mobile fermenter can be configured to load the mixture through the hatch (with the hatch open) in the lid of the fermenter or through an opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the lid of the fermenter open

The mobile fermenter can be configured to discharge the mixture through the hatch (with the hatch open) in the fermenter guard

Mobile fermenter 128 (see Fig. 11), by means of a lifting transport device 129, is configured to tilt toward the hatch in the guard while unloading the mixture 130 from the working cavity of the fermenter into a container or other container for the mixture (finished product) 131.

The mobile fermenter is made with the possibility of lifting, lowering, moving around the working platform, swinging (tilting) relative to the transverse and longitudinal axes of the fermenter. On Fig presents a fermenter 132, which using a loader 133 swings relative to the transverse axis of the fermenter, by moving the loader on an inclined platform 134.

Swing is carried out in order to mix the mixture in the working cavity of the fermenter.

When the enclosure of the fermenter is in the form of walls, the mobile fermenter can be configured to discharge the mixture through the hatch (with the hatch open) in the wall of the fermenter or through an opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the fermenter wall open.

In the claimed device, each fermenter can be made mobile or part of the fermenters made mobile, and part of the fermenters made stationary.

At least a portion of the mobile fermenters are placed on a rack (frame in the form of a frame).

At least a portion of the mobile fermenters are stacked on top of one another.

The claimed device operates as follows.

The components of the mixture, namely litter and carbon-containing materials (substances) are loaded into containers 82 and 83, respectively (see Fig. 8). From there, by means of conveyor belts 80 and 81, the components of the mixture in the required proportion enter the mixer 79. After mixing and grinding, the mixture is unloaded into the fermenter 84. The mixture may contain up to 20% of carbon-containing material (sawdust, peat or other material). In general, 10 to 50% of carbon-containing material may be contained in the mixture. A sensing element of the device for controlling the temperature of the mixture is introduced into the mixture.

Next, the fermenter by means of a lifting transport device 105 (see Fig. 10) is moved to the rack 119, installed in an empty place, connected to a device for supplying air to the fermenters and to a device for removing gases from the fermenters.

As described above, all mobile fermenters are loaded and connected to a device for supplying air to the fermenters and to a device for removing gases from the fermenters.

Then the mixture is periodically aerated by turning on the fan of the device for supplying air to the fermenters and the fan of the device for removing gases from the fermenters.

The total aeration time is 50% of the fermentation time.

In the general case, the total aeration time (air ventilation) for various fermentation conditions can be from 1% to 90% of the fermentation time and depends on the fan performance.

The aeration mode in the fermenters is controlled by valves 111, 112, 113 114. In addition, local deformation of the duct and / or gas duct suitable for the fermenter can affect the aeration characteristics (air flow through the fermenter). As mentioned above, the duct and gas duct are configured to reduce (change) the area of the bore. This can significantly reduce the required value of the aerodynamic drag of the valve, reduce its dimensions, the power of the electric drive.

After the fermentation is completed, the fermenter is disconnected from the device for supplying air to the fermenters and from the device for removing gases from the fermenters, then the fermenter is moved from the rack to the place where the mixture is unloaded into the container (see Fig. 11). Using the same lifting transport device, the fermenter tilts towards the hatch to unload the mixture, open the hatch and the mixture is unloaded into the container for the finished product.

The mixture is loaded into a mobile fermenter in a specially designated place - under the device for mixing the components of the mixture of litter with a carbon-containing substance (under the mixer). If the components of the mixture woke up, then they woke up at the loading site. Unloading is also carried out in a specially prepared place for this. At the same time, pollution of the mixture components, and, most important, litter, is eliminated on a larger surface of the working platform.

When fermentation there is a period of time when the finished mixture settles in the fermenter. In the presence of mobile fermenters, they can be removed from the rack, moved to the storage location. And the vacant space on the rack will be occupied by another fermenter with the mixture.

In addition, it is possible to settle the mixture in a mobile fermenter outside the device for processing litter, for example, on the territory of the customer or on the territory of the enterprise for packaging of the finished product.

If necessary, it is possible to urgently cool the mixture in the fermenter by removing the fermenter from the device for processing litter and placing it, for example, in the open air at low ambient temperatures. At the same time, the activity of microorganisms sharply decreases, the loss of nitrogen (ammonia) from the mixture decreases.

When using a mobile fermenter, it is possible to unload the processed mixture (finished fertilizer or feed additive) directly into the car body or bag without an intermediary device, in particular, a conveyor belt, a front lift with a bucket.

It is possible to mix the mixture in the fermenter before fermentation and in the fermentation process by turning the fermenter relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes using a lifting transport device. A possible implementation of such mixing is shown in Fig. 12.

A very important property of the claimed device is achieved - this is the ability to wash and disinfect the mobile fermenter outside the device for processing litter in a designated place. This significantly increases the environmental safety of the device and the process of litter processing.

The more mobile fermenters in the device, and more precisely, the greater the ratio of the number of mobile fermenters to the number of stationary ones, the more positive technical results described above are manifested.

In order for the fertilizer or feed additive to be balanced for microelements, when litter is mixed with substances (materials) containing carbon or during fermentation, a biologically active additive is introduced into the mixture, including the following components: phosphon-containing complexon in an amount equal to the total micronutrient content in the mixture ; a mixture of trace elements complexonates in an amount that brings the trace element content to the norm necessary for plants; fresh litter of animals or birds.

Compounds that are used as a phosphone-containing complexone are hydroxyethylene diphosphonic acid (OEDP), nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid (NTP), ethylenediaminetetramethylphosphonic acid (EDTP) and others.

Complexon in the composition of the additive is included in the amount necessary for the binding of all trace elements.

As a mixture of microelement complexonates, microelement complexonates are used: Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Zn, balancing fertilizers or feed additives for microelements. The quantity of each microelement, for example, in a fertilizer is determined by the norms necessary for plants.

As indicated above, the third component of the supplement may be fresh litter of animals or birds of the same nature as the litter of the base fertilizer or feed additive. The need for introducing fresh litter is explained by the fact that it contains the necessary mesophilic and thermophilic aerobic strains of bacteria that spontaneously propagate in the presence of complexon and complexonate, fermenting the litter already when preparing the mixture for fermentation. Fresh litter is introduced into a biologically active additive in an amount of 1 wt.h. fresh litter per 500: 10,000 parts by weight mixtures.

Table 1 Maximum fermentation temperature, ° С Fermentation sequence number at the first stage of research one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 Isolated Volume Number one 73 72 73 73 70 71 73 72 73 70 2 73 73 73 73 71 71 73 72 73 69 3 73 72 73 73 73 72 73 73 73 73 four 73 73 73 73 74 73 73 73 73 73 5 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 6 73 72 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 7 70 45 45 72 70 45 45 45 65 45 8 44 45 45 45 71 45 45 45 65 45 9 45 45 45 45 71 45 45 45 67 45 10 44 45 45 65 71 45 45 45 69 45 eleven 45 45 65 45 66 45 45 45 70 45 12 44 45 45 55 65 45 45 45 72 45 13 45 44 65 45 65 45 45 45 74 45 fourteen 44 43 63 45 63 43 45 43 70 45 fifteen 45 45 65 45 65 45 45 45 45 45 16 35 37 37 37 73 37 37 37 73 37 17 35 37 35 34 71 35 34 37 72 37 eighteen 37 37 37 35 73 37 37 37 72 37 19 37 37 35 37 71 thirty 34 37 71 37 twenty 37 37 37 37 72 thirty 34 33 72 37 21 37 37 37 35 73 37 34 33 72 33 22 37 37 35 37 74 37 37 37 72 37

Table 1 continued 23 37 35 37 37 73 37 34 33 73 37 24 37 37 37 37 74 37 37 37 72 33 25 37 34 35 37 73 37 37 37 72 33 26 34 34 37 37 63 65 37 67 66 37 27 37 37 37 37 67 65 37 65 66 37 28 34 37 35 37 67 67 37 67 67 37 29th 37 37 37 37 67 65 37 67 66 37 thirty 34 35 37 37 65 65 37 65 68 37 31 37 37 34 37 66 66 37 66 68 37 32 37 35 35 37 67 66 37 66 68 37 33 37 37 37 36 65 65 37 67 65 37 34 37 35 35 36 65 65 37 66 68 37 35 37 37 36 36 66 65 37 67 65 37 36 73 76 34 65 65 68 36 65 63 36 37 73 38 78 68 67 67 68 67 67 38 38 43 68 68 38 67 67 78 67 67 38 39 73 36 68 38 67 67 36 67 67 36 40 43 65 38 68 65 65 75 65 65 75 41 43 36 37 37 66 66 37 66 66 37 42 43 36 36 36 67 67 36 67 67 36 43 43 35 35 35 65 65 35 65 65 35 44 43 37 37 37 65 65 37 65 65 37 45 73 36 36 36 66 66 36 66 66 36 46 43 37 67 77 69 69 37 70 70 37 47 72 71 74 72 73 75 72 75 72 75 48 74 72 73 72 73 73 72 76 72 75 49 72 74 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

table 2 Maximum fermentation temperature, ° С Fermentation sequence number in the second stage of research one. 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 Isolated Volume Number 54 74 72 74 73 73 73 74 72 74 73 55 75 71 75 73 74 73 74 72 74 73 56 75 71 73 73 73 75 74 73 74 73 57 73 71 74 73 74 72 74 73 74 73 58 75 72 73 72 75 72 74 72 74 73

Claims (1)

A device for processing litter containing fermenters, a device for supplying air to the fermenters, a device for removing gases from the fermenters, characterized in that at least one fermenter is made mobile or all the fermenters are made mobile, and the mobile fermenter contains a bottom, an intermediate bottom with holes, side railing, cover; and the volume between the lid and the intermediate bottom of the mobile fermenter is from 1.4 to 70 m ³ , and the device for supplying air to the fermenters is configured to be connected by means of an air duct with a cavity between the bottom and the intermediate bottom, and a device for removing gases from the fermenters made with the possibility of connection by means of a gas duct with a cavity between the intermediate bottom and the cover; the fermenter is configured to load the mixture through the hatch (with the hatch open) in the lid of the fermenter or through an opening into the working cavity of the fermenter with the lid of the fermenter open, and the mobile fermenter is configured to discharge the mixture through the hatch (with the lid open) in the fermenter enclosure.