RU2392257C2 - Method for preparation of compost - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for preparation of compost includes supplying organic wastes and carbon-bearing material, mixing of specified components, aerobic composting of mixture and discharge of finished compost. Supply of organic wastes and carbon-bearing material is done to an open site of finished compost storage, on which fermenters are installed, with a shape of closed box with perforated bottom to aerate mixture and to further ferment it, and with end wind doors for provision of full charge of mixture and discharge of finished compost by means of fermenter displacement with open end wing doors to a new area on open site. Number of fermenters moved on open site is taken as equal to number of fermentation days.

EFFECT: development of year-round technology for preparation of organic fertilisers and reduction of material expenses for their manufacturing with preservation of finished compost quality.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a technology for the preparation of organic fertilizers.

A known method of preparing compost, including layering manure and moisture-absorbing organic material, mixing the components while moving the mixture into the fermenter and subsequent aerobic composting of the mixture. Composting is carried out in a fermenter with a mixture humidity of 50-60% and periodic ventilation for 3-4 days, while the oxygen concentration in the mixture is maintained within 5-12%. And before composting, the mixture loaded into the fermenter is mixed with the prepared compost in a mass ratio of 9: 1.

(RU 2112764 C1, C05F 3/00, 1998)

There is a method of preparing compost, including laying manure mixed with straw in a collar, placing it in a U-shaped, fermenter-moving chamber with side openings located on them with half-tier rows of perforated tubes in communication with the compressed air supply line, blowing the collar and introducing thermophilic bacteria into it to compost the mixture.

(RU 2213079, C05F 3/00, 2003)

The disadvantages of these methods are low quality compost and high operating costs.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a method of compost production, including feeding organic waste (manure and bird droppings) with carbon-containing material to a concrete site, mixing these components and laying them in a shoulder using a self-propelled mixer, feeding the compost mixture into aeration reactor with forced air from its bottom for composting the mixture and unloading the finished compost.

(RU 2291136 C2, C05F 3/00, 2007)

The disadvantages of this method is the length of the composting process, especially in winter conditions, and high material costs.

The objective of the invention is the creation of year-round compost preparation technology.

The technical result of the invention is to shorten the compost preparation time and reduce material costs for its preparation while maintaining the quality of the finished compost.

To achieve the technical result in a method for preparing compost, including feeding organic waste and carbon-containing material, mixing said components, aerobic composting of the mixture and unloading the finished compost, according to the invention, the supply of organic waste and carbon-containing material is carried out on an open storage area for ready-made compost, on which the ability to move the fermenters in the form of a closed box with a perforated bottom for aeration of the mixture and its eduyuschey fermentation, and with the end it hinged doors to ensure full loading and unloading of the mixture by moving the finished compost fermenter open end hinged doors open to a new site, and the number of fermenters transported on an open platform, taken equal to the number of days of fermentation.

The invention is illustrated by the following example.

Example. Organic waste, such as manure and litter, and carbon-containing material, such as chopped straw, peat, sawdust, are brought to the open concrete site at any time of the year. Install fermenters in a free space of an open area. The fermenter is a container in the form of a closed box with a perforated bottom and with end swing doors. Fermenters move around the site and use a loader to load them with a mixture of organic waste with carbon-containing material. The fermenter is loaded through the end swing doors of the fermenter until it is completely filled. Air is supplied through the perforated bottom of the fermenter to aerate the composted mixture and its subsequent fermentation due to the vital activity of the thermophilic bacteria contained in it.

As soon as ready, the unloading of the finished compost from the fermenter is carried out by moving the fermenter with open end swing doors to a new place in the open area, the cycle repeats. The number of fermenters moving across an open area is taken equal to the number of days of fermentation.

Thus, through the use of the claimed method of composting compared with the prototype created a year-round technology for the preparation of organic fertilizers and reduced material costs for their preparation while maintaining the quality of the finished compost.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing compost, including the supply of organic waste and carbon-containing material, mixing these components, aerobic composting of the mixture and unloading of the finished compost, characterized in that the supply of organic waste and carbon-containing material is carried out on an open storage area of the finished compost, on which the fermenters can be moved to the form of a closed box with a perforated bottom for aeration of the mixture and its subsequent fermentation, and with end swing doors for ensuring full loading of the mixture and unloading of the finished compost by moving the fermenter with open end swing doors to a new place in the open area, the number of fermenters moving across the open area being taken equal to the number of fermentation days.