RU220927U1 - Device for accelerated fermentation of organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is used in livestock and poultry farming, farms for leveling and keeping animals, and for processing collected organic waste in a landfill. The device is designed to ferment organic waste using an aerobic process. The device is designed for accelerated fermentation of organic waste, in particular, bird droppings and manure from livestock farms, stables, etc. and converting them into organic fertilizers using prepared raw materials for processing, depending on the initial moisture content of the raw materials.

Description

The utility model is used in livestock and poultry farming, farms for leveling and keeping animals, and for processing collected organic waste in a landfill. The device is designed to ferment organic waste using an aerobic process.

The device is designed for accelerated fermentation of organic waste, in particular, bird droppings and manure from livestock farms, stables, etc. and converting them into organic fertilizers using prepared raw materials for processing, depending on the initial moisture content of the raw materials.

Fermentation devices of various designs are known from the prior art, with the help of which this process is carried out.

The invention “Installation for preparing fertilizers” is known, patent RU 2044435, publ. 09/27/1995, IPC A01C3/02, containing a fermenter consisting of a housing, which is connected through an air duct to an air supply source, a device for supplying source material to the fermenter and a means for unloading fertilizers. The invention ensures full use of air oxygen, which leads to rare activation of the blower, and a continuous flow process for preparing fertilizers is carried out. However, a special unloading device is required.

The invention “Device for preparing composts” is known, patent RU 2244697, publ. 10.10.2004, IPC C05F3/06, containing a biofermenter with pressure and exhaust fans, an air duct, aeration grilles, which are installed on the floor of the biofermenter using longitudinal supports. Provides increased efficiency in the aeration process of the composted material, but the unloading process is difficult because the grates get in the way and create non-recoverable waste.

The invention “Enzyme device” is known, patent RU 2261850, publ.10.10.2005, IPC C05F3/06, containing a bioreactor with a bottom, a blower fan for supplying air from bottom to top through the bottom, an exhaust fan, a control system for the operation of fans with a temperature sensor, one of the longitudinal The walls of the bioreactor are made in the form of an opening hatch for unloading the finished product. Provides a reduction in cooling time for the finished product and, accordingly, acceleration of the entire production cycle of the fermentation process. However, the labor intensity of maintenance is increased due to the need to open the hatch and there is no possibility of tractor entry. The acceleration of the mixture maturation process is not ensured due to insufficient air supply and splashing of the mixture, and due to this, the reliability of the installation is reduced.

The closest technical solution is the utility model “ Device for processing poultry and livestock waste using the heat of exothermic reactions”, patent RU 96370, publ. 07/27/2010, IPC G06F 3|06, containing at least one biofermenter with pressure and exhaust fans, equipped with a housing with an internal cavity for placement and fermentation, and a mixture of carbon-containing raw materials and phosphorus-containing complexones and complexonates of microelements placed in it. The housing is formed by a bottom, longitudinal (side) walls and a lid, the air ducts are connected to at least one blower fan, providing a temperature of exometric reactions from 70 to 80°C.

The disadvantages of the known devices is the design of the device. For example, a well-known device in the form of a chamber, with a thermal protective shell on the outer surface of the walls, in which the mixture is placed using loaders on a grated surface, through which, after closing the chamber, air is supplied in a certain mode. This design has disadvantages that reduce productivity, increase the cost of the process and make it labor-intensive and unreliable.

The disadvantages are that through the grille of the lower surface of the chamber, which covers the niche through which air is supplied with the help of blowing devices, it is impossible to supply it so that the height of the mixture does not exceed 1.5 m, and in the case of an increase in pressure, The mixture will not be enriched, but will be scattered on the walls. In addition, the lattice surface does not provide complete isolation of voids from particles of the mixture entering this niche, which leads to the need for periodic cleaning of these voids, usually manually, which makes the process low-tech.

And the most significant drawback is that during loading and unloading operations, the surface of the grate on which the mixture is placed is inevitably damaged as a result of the impact of the loader bucket on it, regardless of the operator’s qualifications, on which only the frequency of repair and replacement of the damaged surface depends.

It is required to create an installation that would ensure a continuous process of maturation of organic mass loaded into the installation with an increased volume of mass in the installation at a height of more than 1.5 meters to 3 meters. In this case, it is necessary to avoid periodically cleaning the bottom and walls of the chamber, and also to ensure the convenience of loading and unloading the mixture. In addition, at present there are many remaining silo pits, which also have walls; for their further use, it is necessary to ensure their modernization and use in accordance with the proposed device.

The technical problem that is solved when implementing the proposed technical solution is the creation of a design that increases productivity, reduces the labor intensity of maintenance, accelerates the process of maturing the mixture and increases the reliability of the installation.

The achieved technical result is a reduction in the labor intensity of waste processing.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for accelerated fermentation of organic waste contains a biofermenter with a forcing compressor, is equipped with a housing with internal cavities for housing and fermentation of a mixture of organic waste, carbon-containing additives and complexes of microelements, and the housing is formed by side walls, a base and a coating. In this case, the air ducts are connected to a forcing compressor, which ensures the temperature of exothermic reactions from 70 to 80°C. What is new is that the side walls with the base of the housing are made to form chambers having working cavities, and the side walls are equipped with holes for air ducts at a height of no more than 20 cm from the surface of the base with an interval along the longitudinal surface of the side wall from 0.25 to 0.5 m, the injection compressor is designed to pump air under excess pressure from 0 to 3 atm and is equipped with air ducts in the form of pipes with hoses, at the front end of the pipes there is a sharpening and perforation along the entire length of the surface of the pipes with a pitch of 3 to 10 cm and a radial pitch of no less than 6 holes with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2 cm, included in the holes of the side walls of the body with the possibility of entering into the cavity of the body chambers filled with the mixture before the start of the fermentation process and with the possibility of removing these pipes after completion of the fermentation process, ensuring unhindered loading/unloading of the chamber using wheeled vehicles. The air duct pipes are equipped at the rear end with connecting devices with the ability to connect to a unified air supply system, while the unified air supply system contains a blower compressor, a control device, a receiver and hoses connected to the air duct pipes, and the coating is equipped with outlet openings with check valves and is made in in the form of a device for removing released gases.

In various designs, the front end of the pipe is made in the form of a flute with a perforated surface, with the possibility of connection/disconnection with the air duct hose and with the possibility of quick-detachable connection/disconnection with flutes.

The unified air supply system is made in the form of a single system of hoses and pipes, and the control device can be equipped with a special program for controlling the air supply mode.

The chamber can be configured to load raw materials, which are a mixture of organic waste, carbon-containing additives and a complex of microelements, with a humidity of no more than 65%, with the proportion of additives and microelements not exceeding 30% of the mass of organic waste. At the same time, it is possible to load raw materials into the chamber, pre-supplied with enzymes in the form of colonies of bacteria and with the ability to pre-supply the raw materials with carbon-containing additives in the form of sawdust or straw or peat. In this case, the raw material can be pre-supplied with various carbon-containing additives.

The chamber can be made in the form of equipment for the production of silos; for example, it is possible to use existing walls when modernizing a silo pit.

In a particular case, the base of the chamber can be placed on the surface of the ground and the chamber can be equipped with concrete side walls and a base with the ability to load using heavy equipment on both sides, and the side walls are made at an angle to the base, and the tractor can drive directly into the chamber provided that there are no partitions there.

For example, the side walls can be made with an angle of inclination to the base less than 90 degrees from the outside, as is done in silos. This allows the angle of the side walls to deviate from 90 degrees when using previously built silo production structures as a chamber.

The length of the pipes of the unified air supply system should be corresponds to the width of the chamber, and their number depends on the expected length of the chamber with the loaded mixture in each cavity of the chamber body. The top of the chamber is covered with a coating, which can be made elastic or hard, and the coating can be either removable (quickly removable) or in the form of a lid.

The device can additionally be equipped with a container for collecting generated gases and a storage device in the form of a filter for collecting ammonia with the ability to protect the environment.

The side walls of the chamber can be made of various configurations - pear-shaped or cylindrical; in this case, the tractor will not be able to drive directly into the chamber, but the chamber itself can be movable with the possibility of tipping it over for unloading. The side walls can be made of various non-rusting materials, for example, stainless steel, concrete, plastic,

The chamber can have either one cavity, in which case it is possible for a tractor to drive into the chamber cavity, or with several cavities - then the partitions can be made removable or the chamber cavities themselves can have working cavities from which fermented waste is removed by turning the chamber over. For example, the housing chambers can be designed to be tilted and placed on a movable base in the form of carriages moving along guides. Or the housing chambers may be tiltable and placed on a movable base in the form of a moving belt. For example, the housing chambers on a movable base are made with a number of chambers that is a multiple of the number of days required for fermentation of the mixture, and the calculation may take into account the number of days required for fermentation of the mixture, for example equal to 7 (seven). With this design, it is possible to create a movable base equipped with a drive with a special control program. If there is a single air supply system, it can be configured to supply air in a design mode, depending on the humidity of the feedstock, the temperature of the external air and the temperature of the mixture at the time of air supply.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which do not cover all special cases of device implementations.

In FIG. 1 - shows a side view of a housing with one cavity and a coating with a hole for the release of gases;

In FIG. 2 - shows a top view of the body with one cavity and several holes for air supply and different arrangements of flutes, the coating is not shown;

In FIG. 3 - shows a trolley with a cylindrical body on a trolley with the possibility of turning it over and moving along the guides;

In FIG. 4 - shows the location of cylindrical bodies on carts moving along guides;

The device for accelerated fermentation of organic waste is designed as follows.

The device contains a biofermenter (1), which has a body consisting of side walls (2), a base (3) and a coating (4). Due to their connection, there is a cavity in the body (5), into which organic waste is loaded, carbon-containing additives and a complex of trace elements, and then this mixture is fermented at a temperature of 0 to 80 ° C, which ensures exothermic reactions. Heating of the mixture occurs due to the occurrence of these reactions with the release of heat and the resulting gas, which also contains methane. As raw materials, various carbon-containing additives can be used in the form of sawdust or straw or peat, which supply enzymes in the form of bacterial colonies, and during the preparation of raw materials, various carbon-containing additives can also be added. In this case, it is possible to load raw materials with a moisture content of no more than 65% and with a proportion of additives and microelements not exceeding 30% by weight of organic waste for the most optimal course of exothermic reactions.

It is important that it is convenient to load and unload raw materials before and after fermentation. To do this, it is possible to organize the cavities in different ways due to the shape of the housing walls. In addition, the cavity volume in the housing can be from small to very large with a loading mixture height of up to 3 meters.

In example I, all four walls (2) of the chamber are made vertical, and the cavity (5) has dimensions sufficient for a tractor to drive into it from one side. In this case, the base can lie on the ground or be dug into the ground. For unloading, two opposite walls of the housing can be folded. Cavities can also be arranged inside the housing. In the case of using old silo pits, it is possible to use the side walls (2) that they already have, while they have an angle of inclination to the base. In this case, it is allowed to use silo pits with a deviation of the angle of the side walls from 90 degrees. In the case of modernization of the silo pit, the other two side walls are missing, and then the tractor can enter the body cavity from both sides, for example, load the mixture on one side, and unload it from the cavity on the other side.

In example II, the housing wall can be cylindrical or pear-shaped. (Fig. 3). In this case, the housing (1) is designed to be turned over. In this case, the body can be placed on a movable cart. There can be several such cylindrical bodies and they can be placed on movable carts in an amount determined by the number of days required for fermentation of the mixture, for example equal to 7 (seven).

The cavities for different volumes of the housing are working cavities; air is supplied into them under excess pressure from 0 to 3 atmospheres through the holes (6) in the side walls (2) through a single air supply system (7).

There are holes (6) in the walls of the housing (1) at a height of no more than 20 cm from the surface of the base (3) at intervals along the surface of the side wall from 0.25 to 0.5 m. These holes are equipped with clamping washers or locks (8), through which air ducts of a unified air supply system (7) are threaded into the chamber. This system includes: hoses (9), assembled with pipes (10) forming an air duct, a blower compressor (11), a control device (12) and a receiver (13).

The pipes (10) of the air duct have a front end (14), which is made with a point (with a bevel) and the pipe (10) is made in the form of a flute, it has perforations with holes (15) for air outlet. Perforation holes (15) are placed on the pipe (10) along the entire length of the surface with a pitch of 3 to 10 cm and a radial pitch along the circumference of the pipe (10) of at least 6 holes with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2 cm.

The length of the pipes (10) of the unified air supply system should be corresponds to the width of the chamber, and their number depends on the expected length of the chamber with the loaded mixture in each cavity of the chamber body (1).

The length of the pipe (10) (flute) is calculated according to the transverse dimension of the body cavity (1) and must fit into the hole (6) of the side wall (2) for the entire distance to the opposite wall. Pipes (flutes) (10) can be inserted into the chamber body (1) from one side or from different sides. (Fig. 2). The air duct pipes (10) are equipped at the rear end (16) with connecting devices (17) with the ability to connect to a single air supply system. The connecting devices (17) can be made either for each pipe (10) separately or to combine several rear ends (16) of the pipes (10) in this connecting device (17). On the other side of the connecting device (17), a hose (9) of the unified air supply system (7) is connected, through which air is supplied from the receiver (13). The injection compressor (11) pumps air into the receiver (13), either directly or through the control device (12).

The control device (12) regulates the air supply in a calculated mode, depending on the humidity of the feedstock, the temperature of the external air and the temperature of the mixture at the time of air supply.

The body itself (1) can be made of various non-rusting materials, for example, stainless steel, concrete, plastic. The top of the camera body (1) is covered with a coating (4), which can be made elastic or hard, and the coating can be either removable (quickly removable) or in the form of a cover. In the coating (4) itself there are holes (18) with a check valve (not shown) to remove the formed gases. The discharge can be carried out directly into the air, and for better environmental friendliness, the check valve of the hole (18) can be equipped with a container for collecting the resulting gases and a storage tank in the form of a filter for collecting ammonia with the ability to protect the environment. The covering (4) can be made of elastic material or be rigid, and, equipped with outlet openings (18) with a check valve, it can serve as a drainage device released gases. This makes it possible to simply insert pipes (10) (flutes) into the cavity of the housing chambers (1), filled with the mixture before the start of the fermentation process, and with the possibility of removing these pipes (10) after completion of the fermentation process, as well as unhindered loading/unloading of the chamber (1) with the help of wheeled equipment, it can significantly reduce the labor intensity of waste processing.

The device works as follows.

The method itself consists in the fact that the initial raw material for the production of fertilizers in the form of manure formed as a result of the production process of poultry farms, or manure formed when keeping other animals on livestock farms, stables, depending on the initial moisture content of the raw materials, is mixed with a carbon-containing additive in the form of sawdust , or straw, peat, etc., so that the resulting mixture has a moisture content of no more than 65%, and the proportion of the additive does not exceed 30% by weight of the raw material. Next, the resulting mixture is placed in chamber (1) (compartment, container) into which air is supplied under pressure in a certain mode. As a result of this treatment, the process of accelerated growth of the number of bacteria begins and this process occurs with the release of heat.

In order to reduce labor intensity and increase the efficiency of the process when obtaining a final product with beneficial properties, an additional amount of enzyme (colonies of a certain type of bacteria) can be added to the mixture before the start of the process and the mixture is subjected to the addition of air, which is supplied into the container under excess pressure. In this case, the flutes - pipes (10) are placed close to the bottom (3) and are easily inserted before fermentation and removed before unloading.

As a result of several days of supplying air under excess pressure during such treatment, the mixture is heated to a temperature of 70-80°C, which leads to the destruction of pathogenic microflora, and the mixture from a dangerous substance is converted into organic fertilizer. In this case, due to the perforation of the flute (10), air is blown through the entire thickness of the mixture, enriches it well with air and does not scatter the mixture onto the walls of the housing (1).

The mixture is placed using loaders into the cavity (5) of the housing (1); after closing the chamber with the coating (4), air is supplied in the design mode.

After the housing chamber (1) is fully loaded, flutes - pipes (10) are inserted through the holes (6), the number and length of which allows air to flow evenly throughout the entire volume of the mixture, which in turn allows the chamber to be loaded in height without restrictions, i.e. e. use the height of the walls to the fullest. This device provides blowing more than 3 meters in height.

Then, the device is covered with an elastic or rigid coating (4), which has outlets (18) for the resulting gases, including a significant amount of ammonia.

Ammonia can be captured using filters, not only to protect the environment, but also to produce another type of fertilizer.

After completion of the heating cycle, when the temperature of the mixture reaches 70-80°C, the enrichment of the mixture with air stops, and within three days it cools down to 45°C and during this period it can already be removed from the device and for this any wheeled and heavy technique.

In its finished form, the resulting fertilizer can be stored both in packaged form and in piles, but protected from moisture.

In the case of example I, chambers with a body (1) of large volume are used, then when loading and unloading the mixture, it is possible for the loader to drive directly into the chamber and place the mixture there. Also during unloading, the tractor drives into the chamber and unloads the mixture out. In this case, waste can be placed as it accumulates in, for example, a stable.

Holes are made in the container in the lower and side parts, into which, after loading, flutes are inserted - pipes (10) with holes for air supply, and on the outside they are all connected by a single system of hoses (9) through which air is supplied. Each container is equipped with a lid with an air duct through which ammonia will exit, and all air ducts from all containers can be connected into a single outlet on which trap filters can be installed.

The container has a special hole, most conveniently in the side, through which you can insert a thermometer into the mixture, which allows you to measure the temperature inside the mixture and thus control and, if necessary, adjust the air supply mode. For this, one of the holes (6) with washers (8) into which flutes (10) with a connecting device (17) are inserted can be used. The washers or locks (8) can be removable or permanently attached, for example, on a thread, and when unloading you will only need to disconnect the air hoses (9) and remove the flutes - pipes (10). Before unloading, the covering (4) is removed.

In the case of example II The number of devices required for a continuous cycle, which makes it possible not to accumulate litter (manure), and immediately after its removal from the animal premises to be sent for processing, depends on the volume of raw materials per day, taking into account the fact that it is desirable to load a daily portion of it into one device , which, taking into account the duration of the technological process, requires at least 7 devices.

The technological solution in this case is that the mixture is loaded using a conveyor into a container made of stainless material (possibly plastic) having a pear-shaped or cylindrical shape, similar to containers for transporting concrete (concrete mixers). Optimally, there should be as many such containers as required to load the daily requirement, multiplied by 7, but at least not less than one.

These containers must be placed in a vertical position on trolleys installed either in an elliptical track or on rails and moved along this path during the technological cycle.

At the end of the cycle, the carts should be in the loading and unloading process area, where the design of the cart should allow the container to be tipped using either a drive or another turning device, in the right place, where the finished fertilizer will fall into the drive, from which onto the conveyor into the packaging area .

Holes are made in the container in the lower and side parts, into which, after loading, flutes are inserted - pipes (10) with holes for air supply, and on the outside they are all connected by a single system of hoses (9) through which air is supplied. The compressor (11) can be installed inside an ellipse or in another place that allows air to be supplied through air ducts in the tank, in a mode provided by a special control program.

The speed of movement of such carts, connected in a single closed chain, must be such that each cart ends up in the loading and unloading zone once every seven days. The movement of the trolleys can be provided either by one of them, equipped with an electric motor, or in another way due to any driving device.

Each container is equipped with a lid with an air duct through which ammonia will exit, and all air ducts from all containers can be connected into a single outlet on which trap filters can be installed.

Each container has a special hole, most conveniently in the side, through which you can insert a thermometer into the mixture, allowing you to measure the temperature inside the mixture and thus control and, if necessary, adjust the air supply. For this, one of the holes (6) with washers (8) into which flutes (10) with a connecting device (17) are inserted can be used. Washers or locks (8) can be removable or permanently fixed, for example on a thread, and when unloading it will only be necessary to disconnect the air hoses (9) and remove the flutes - pipes (10).

Thus, when implementing the proposed technical solution, the problem of creating a design is solved, with the help of which productivity is increased, the labor intensity of maintenance is reduced, the process of mixture maturation is accelerated and the reliability of the installation is increased. All this ensures the achievement of a technical result - reducing the labor intensity of waste processing.

Claims (17)

1. A device for accelerated fermentation of organic waste, containing a biofermenter with a forcing compressor, equipped with a housing with internal cavities for housing and fermentation of a mixture of organic waste, carbon-containing additives and complexes of microelements, the housing is formed by side walls, a base and a coating, air ducts are connected to a forcing compressor, providing temperature of exothermic reactions from 70 to 80°C, characterized in that the side walls with the base of the housing are made to form a chamber having working cavities, while the side walls are equipped with holes for air ducts at a height of no more than 20 cm from the surface of the base at intervals along the longitudinal surface side wall from 0.25 to 0.5 m, the injection compressor is designed to pump air under excess pressure from 0 to 3 atm and is equipped with air ducts in the form of pipes with hoses, at the front end of the pipes there is a sharpening and perforation along the entire length of the surface of the pipes with with a pitch of 3 to 10 cm and a radial pitch of at least 6, holes with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2 cm, included in the holes of the side walls of the body with the possibility of entering into the cavities of the body chamber filled with the mixture before the start of the fermentation process, and with the possibility of removing these pipes after completion of the fermentation process, ensuring unhindered loading/unloading of the chamber using wheeled equipment, the air duct pipes are equipped at the rear end with connecting devices with the ability to connect to a unified air supply system, while the unified air supply system contains a forcing compressor, a control device, a receiver and hoses , connected to the air duct pipes, and the housing cover is equipped with outlet openings with check valves and is made in the form of a device for removing the released gases. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the front end of the pipe is made in the form of a flute with a perforated surface, with the possibility of quick connection/disconnection with the air duct hose. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the unified air supply system is made in the form of a single system of hoses and pipes, and the control device is equipped with a program for controlling the air supply mode. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber is configured to load raw materials, which is a mixture of organic waste, carbon-containing additives and a complex of microelements with a moisture content of no more than 65%, with a proportion of additives and microelements not exceeding 30% by weight of organic waste. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the chamber is configured to load raw materials previously supplied with enzymes in the form of bacterial colonies. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the raw material is pre-supplied with carbon-containing additives in the form of sawdust. 7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the mixture is pre-equipped with carbon-containing additives in the form of straw. 8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the raw material is pre-supplied with carbon-containing additives in the form of peat. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber is made in the form of equipment for the production of silage. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the pipes of the unified air supply system corresponds to the width of the chamber, and their number depends on the expected length of the chamber with the loaded mixture in each cavity of the chamber body. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing coating is elastic. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing coating is made rigid. 13. The device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the housing cover is removable. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber is equipped with side walls and a base made of stainless material. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber is equipped with side walls and a base made of plastic. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is equipped with a chamber with several working cavities. 17. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the unified air supply system is designed to supply air in a design mode, depending on the humidity of the feedstock, the temperature of the external air and the temperature of the mixture at the time of air supply.