JP3604954B2 - Aerobic fermentation method of organic solid waste and its apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for composting organic solid waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Municipal solid waste, livestock waste, biological solid organic waste such as sewage sludge as a raw material, each raw material is filled into a cylindrical fermenter having no structure or the like inside to form a continuous packed bed, A composting method in which air is supplied only from the bottom of the tank and exhausted from the upper surface of the floor is described in JP-A-54-10169 and JP-A-55-121990.
[0003]
In addition, shelves fixed in the fermentation tank are arranged vertically at a plurality of intervals, and the shelves have holes for dropping a packed bed in a part of the horizontal shelf, and each stage is free to rotate and revolve. In the process of sequentially transferring a packed bed to be supplied to the uppermost shelf to a lower shelf, a method of fermenting by supplying air into the floor from an air supply port arranged on the upper surface of the shelf, having a stirring means of It is described in JP-A-54-54877.
[0004]
Further, inside the fermenter, a plurality of partitions having a function of rotating horizontally about a horizontal axis and partitioning horizontally and a function of flowing down a packed bed are arranged at intervals vertically, and the raw material is placed on the partition of each stage. Filling leaving space, fermenting by alternately arranging each space part for exhaust and air supply from the bottom to the top, fermenting, and after the fermentation process or after fermentation, rotate the partition and descend the floor Alternatively, the discharging method is described in JP-A-60-155589 and JP-A-55-90997.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In a generally used pool-type flat-bed agitation fermenter, a wide and shallow packed bed is fermented by mechanical stirring while the top surface of the bed is open to the atmosphere. For this reason, a large area is required, and at the same time, odor collection may be difficult. Therefore, a fermentation tank which requires a small area, easily collects exhaust gas, and has no complicated structure such as a forced stirring means in the tank is desired.
[0006]
In order to reduce the area and facilitate the collection of odor, it is conceivable to increase the tank height. As described above, simply filling the raw material into the vertical silo fermentation tank having no structure inside the tank, not only the floor height but also the tank diameter increases, because the bed is compacted and air supply is hindered, Fermentation activity may be reduced.
[0007]
In order to solve such a problem, a fixed shelf having forced stirring means in the tank as described above and having a hole on a part of the horizontal shelf surface for allowing the packed bed to drop down to a lower stage, a plurality of vertically arranged shelves. There is a method in which fermentation is performed by supplying air from an air supply nozzle disposed on the upper surface of a shelf in the process of sequentially arranging the raw material beds to be supplied to the uppermost shelf to lower shelves at intervals. However, since the filling amount is reduced by the gap between the fixed shelf tip and the inner wall surface of the tank, it is difficult to sufficiently achieve the effect of saving area, and there is a possibility that forced stirring means is required for each shelf and the structure becomes complicated. is there.
[0008]
Also, inside the fermenter, a plurality of partitions having a function of rotating horizontally about the horizontal axis and partitioning horizontally and a function of flowing down the floor are arranged at intervals vertically, and the raw material is placed on the partition of each stage. Filling leaving space, arranging each space part alternately for exhaust and air supply from the bottom space part to the upper part, rotating the partition after the fermentation process or fermentation, and descending the floor Alternatively, in the discharging method, the flow of the air supplied to the gas phase space is distributed in two directions.
[0009]
That is, one penetrates downward from the surface of the packed bed immediately below the gas phase space for air supply, passes through the gap of the partition below, and further exits to the gas phase space for exhaust below. The other rises in the floor just above the gas-phase space for air supply and exits above the gas-phase space for exhaust. The flow rates of both airflows vary depending on the ventilation resistance of both floors. In particular, the packed bed in contact with the lower surface of the gas supply space is easily compressed by the pressure of the gas supply.
[0010]
For this reason, it becomes difficult to make the amount of air supply per unit volume of the packed bed the same, and there is a possibility that a difference in activity may occur depending on the stage. In addition, the latter airflow may also block the gaps in the partitions due to the compression of the packed bed.
[0011]
An object of the present invention is to supply oxygen to each packed bed divided and filled in a plurality of stages in a fermenter without excess and deficiency, and to move and mix the packed bed with a simple mechanism to ferment at a high speed and achieve good quality. An aerobic fermentation method for organic solid waste to obtain the following compost, and an apparatus therefor.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
[0013]
[1] A plurality of partitions that can be opened and closed in the fermentation tank are arranged above and below the tank, and the organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation product is formed such that a gas phase space is formed under the partition located directly above. In the aerobic fermentation method of organic solid waste to form a multistage packed bed by filling and aerobic fermentation of the packed bed,
Air is supplied from the upper surface of each partition, exhausted from the upper surface of each packed bed, and during the fermentation or after fermentation is completed, the packed bed is opened, the partition is dropped and transferred to the lower stage. Aerobic fermentation method.
[0014]
[2] The above-mentioned organic solid waste is supplied to and exhausted from each packed bed while maintaining the pressure in the gas phase space above each packed bed in the fermenter while decreasing from the bottom to the top. Aerobic fermentation method.
[0015]
[3] The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation method for organic solid waste, wherein air supply and exhaust are adjusted so that the gas phase space of the uppermost packed bed is at atmospheric pressure.
[0016]
[4] The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation method for organic solid waste, wherein the pressure in the gas phase space of each packed bed is adjusted by adjusting the amount of air supplied to each packed bed and the amount of exhaust air.
[0017]
[5] In the fermenter, a plurality of openable and closable partitions for controlling the passage of the organic solid waste or the aerobic fermented material in the fermenter are arranged in the tank, and each filler is filled on each partition. In an aerobic fermentation apparatus that forms a multi-stage packed bed in a fermenter by filling the packing so as to form a gas phase space with a partition located thereon, and aerobically fermenting organic solid waste. ,
The organic solid waste is characterized in that the openable and closable partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves, a part of which is fixed to a rotating shaft, and an oxygen supply means is provided on an upper surface of the rotating shelf. Ki fermentation equipment.
[0018]
[6] Exhaust means for adjusting the exhaust amount in each stage for forming a pressure distribution in which the lower part of the gas phase space formed by the partition and the packed bed is higher than the upper part of the fermenter, or / The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation apparatus for organic solid waste having an air supply means for adjusting the amount of air supply.
[0019]
[7] The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation apparatus for organic solid waste, which is provided with a pressure measuring means for measuring a pressure in a gas phase space formed in each stage of the fermenter separated by each partition.
[0020]
[8] A fermentation tank fractionated into two or more by a partition provided in the tank, and an organic solid waste or an aerobic fermentation product thereof is filled on the partition to form a packed bed, and the organic solid waste of the packed bed is formed. In vertical composting equipment for aerobic fermentation of waste,
The partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves, a part of which is fixed to a rotating shaft, and oxygen supply means is arranged on the upper surface of the rotating shelf, and each stage of the fermenter tank fractionated by the partition is provided. An exhaust pipe equipped with an exhaust volume adjusting means is provided in
A means for supplying an organic solid waste or its aerobic fermented material at the upper part of the fermenter, a discharging means for discharging the aerobic fermented substance at the lower part of the fermenter, and an aerobic fermented substance discharged outside the fermenter. Transfer means for transferring to the upper part of the fermenter, and a water supply means for supplying to the aerobic fermented product,
Atmospheric pressure measurement means for forming in the fermentation tank a pressure distribution in which the pressure of each gas phase space formed by the packed bed and the partition decreases from the lower side to the upper side of the fermentation tank. A vertical multi-stage composting device for aerobically fermenting organic solid waste, comprising:
[0021]
[9] A vertical multi-stage composting device in which the organic solid waste is aerobically fermented and provided with supply and exhaust means for supplying and exhausting the packed bed on the partition.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The method for aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste of the present invention, a plurality of partitions for controlling the passage of the organic solid waste filler in the fermenter is disposed vertically above and below the tank, and each partition and the filler are in a gas phase space. The organic solid waste is aerobically fermented by using a vertical multi-stage fermenter having a plurality of packed beds. Air is supplied from the upper surface of the partition, and if necessary, the partition is opened during the fermentation or after the fermentation is completed, and the organic solid waste or the packing composed of the aerobic fermented product thereof can be transferred to the lower stage.
[0023]
A plurality of ventilation nozzles are arranged on the bottom of the packed bed of each stage, that is, on the top of the partition, to uniformly supply the oxygen-containing gas into the packed bed. The supplied oxygen-containing gas is controlled in accordance with the filling amount so as not to cause an excess or deficiency of oxygen.
[0024]
As described above, oxygen can be uniformly supplied into the packed bed, but a part of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen supply means provided on the upper surface of the partition leaks from the gap of the horizontal partition to the lower stage. , It is discharged without being used for fermentation.
[0025]
In order to prevent this, in the present invention, as shown by the following equation (1), the pressure Pd of the lower gas phase space is made larger than the pressure Pu of the upper gas phase space by the differential pressure α to thereby obtain the partition. Can be prevented from leaking from the gap to the lower stage, and the utilization rate of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the fermenter can be improved.
[0026]
(Equation 1)
Pd ≧ Pu + α (1)
In the above-described method of adjusting the atmospheric pressure, when the stage is the lowest stage, the space below the partition is sealed. When another packed bed exists below the stage, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas to the packed bed of the lower stage and the exhaust amount from the gas phase space below the partition of the stage are the same. Adjust so that
[0027]
In the case of a vertical multi-stage fermenter in which a multi-stage packed bed is formed in the fermenter, air is supplied from the upper surface of the partition and exhausted from the gas-phase space at each stage, and the gas-phase space at the bottom of the tank is provided. So that the pressure in the gas space in each stage is gradually inclined so that the pressure in the gas space becomes higher than the pressure in the gas space at the top of the tank.
[0028]
The uppermost gas phase space may be substantially at atmospheric pressure. At this time, the pressure in the gas phase space in the immediately lower stage is adjusted so that the pressure in the gas phase space in the uppermost stage is the atmospheric pressure, and the supply amount and the exhaust amount in the uppermost stage match.
[0029]
Also, in order to form a pressure distribution inside the fermenter so that the pressure in the gas phase space formed in each stage is higher on the bottom side than on the top side of the fermenter, exhaust gas is formed in each stage. An exhaust line provided with an adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate is provided.
[0030]
In order to efficiently perform aerobic fermentation in composting, it is preferable to mix the packed beds appropriately. Insufficient mixing reduces the rate of fermentation due to lack of reaction substrates in the active part of the fermentation and accumulation of fermentation intermediates.
[0031]
In the composting apparatus of the present invention, the organic solid waste or the fermented product thereof is supplied to the uppermost stage, filled in the partition, and dropped into the lower stage to mix and crush the fermented product. The fermented material that has fallen to the bottom of the fermentation tank is discharged out of the tank when composting has reached the target degree of decomposition, and when it is in the process of being transferred, it is again transferred to the top and fermented. Let it continue.
[0032]
The raw material targeted by the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains components that can be composted, but is generally garbage, livestock waste, food processing waste, agricultural waste, forest waste. It is applied to all organic solid waste such as marine waste, microbial sludge, etc.
[0033]
In addition, in addition to sawdust, rice husk, bark, and the like, non-fermented materials such as plastics and ceramics are used as moisture absorbing materials or void holding materials in addition to collected and reused after fermentation, and intermediate fermented products and products are used as fermentation seed bacteria. Compost and fermentation bacteria concentrate may be added.
[0034]
The particle size and moisture are also appropriately selected from the size of the fermenter, the fermentation characteristics of the raw materials, and the physical characteristics of the raw materials. If necessary, the particle size, moisture, pH and the like may be adjusted.
[0035]
The method of partitioning and the structure thereof are not particularly limited, and a method of rotating around a horizontal axis and having a valve function is appropriately selected. That is, a composite surface formed by a flat surface, a curved surface, a plurality of bent surfaces, or the like is used as the shape of the partition surface. In addition, as for the shape of the partition, conditions such as one wing, two wings, lateral arrangement method and number of partitions, unit partition size, vertical arrangement and number of partitions, etc., are based on characteristics of raw materials, size and shape of fermenter. , The residence time in the tank and the fermentation conditions.
[0036]
The arrangement and structure of the air supply holes provided on the upper surface of the partition are not particularly limited, and the air supply path in the tank is not particularly limited. It is appropriately selected. For example, a large number of single-hole nozzles may be dispersed on the upper surface of the partition plate, or a mesh plate or a porous material may be arranged. The size of the partition plate, that is, the horizontal width, is selected in consideration of physical characteristics such as the particle size of the filler and the viscosity so that the filler drops when opened.
[0037]
The drive mechanism for opening and closing the partition plate is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected from drive means such as hydraulic drive and gear drive.
[0038]
The organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation product is decomposed by aerobic fermentation by aerobic microorganisms. Oxygen deficiency not only slows down the fermentation rate, but also shifts from aerobic fermentation to anaerobic fermentation, causing accumulation of organic acids, which may lead to malodor generation and acidification, leading to lower quality compost products.
[0039]
In order to efficiently perform aerobic fermentation, oxygen supply means for supplying oxygen to the raw material, the organic solid waste or the aerobic fermentation product without excess and deficiency, and for uniformly supplying oxygen to the entire packed bed are particularly preferable. is important. The amount of oxygen required by each packed bed depends on the type of organic solid waste as raw material, the amount of packing, the ease with which organic matter is decomposed, and the like, and changes with the progress of fermentation decomposition.
[0040]
On the other hand, excessive supply of the oxygen-containing gas not only reduces the fermentation rate by cooling the packed bed, but also wastes energy for pressurizing the oxygen-containing gas to be injected into the packed bed. It is desirable that the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas for efficient aerobic fermentation is 5% or more, preferably 10% or more. For this reason, an oxygen concentration measuring means is provided in the exhaust pipe of each packed bed, and the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas is adjusted so that the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas becomes as described above.
[0041]
The following method is used to feed raw materials into an empty fermenter. The lowermost partition is closed, and all of the upper partitions are opened. Raw materials are charged from the tank, and when a predetermined amount is accumulated in the lowermost partition, the upper partition is closed. In the same manner, the upper stage is sequentially filled. Alternatively, all the partitions are closed, and the uppermost partition is opened when a predetermined amount of raw material is accumulated on the uppermost stage, and the raw materials are sequentially dropped and transferred to the lower stage. Next, the uppermost partition is closed again, and a predetermined amount of raw materials is again accumulated. This is repeated for each stage, and the raw material is filled up to the uppermost stage.
[0042]
It is not necessary to fill all the stages with the raw organic solid waste or these aerobic fermented products, and some stages may be used according to the load and the fermentation rate. The packed bed is fermented by supplying oxygen necessary for fermentation of the packed bed from the upper surface of the partition.
[0043]
During the fermentation, the packed bed is discharged out of the tank, supplied again from the upper part of the fermenter and circulated, whereby the packed bed is crushed and mixed, thereby preventing binding between fermented product particles. At that time, the lowermost partition is opened and emptied, then the partition is closed, the upper partition is opened, and the upper packed bed is received. In the same manner, the packed beds are sequentially transferred downward step by step to empty the uppermost stage and then return to the uppermost stage.
[0044]
In the above, when the space returned to the uppermost stage is insufficient, the operation may be performed with the uppermost stage empty during fermentation.
[0045]
The discharging method and structure of the packed bed are not particularly limited, and any suitable one for the properties of the packed bed and the set transfer operation time, such as a rotary screw, endless track scraping type, rotary feeder, plunger type, turntable type, etc. Select and use. As the transfer means, an endless type, for example, a fixed-quantity transfer means such as a belt feeder, a pan feeder, an apron feeder, a chain feeder, a bucket conveyor, and a rotary screw type can be appropriately selected.
[0046]
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
[0047]
[Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the bio-organic solid waste composting apparatus of the present invention. There are provided partitions 2-1 to 2-3 for fractionating the fermenter 1 into three stages, a conveyor 10 for supplying organic solid waste (or an aerobic fermented product thereof) to the uppermost stage of the fermenter, and a packed bed 5 A screw discharger 11 for discharging -1 to 5-3 out of the fermenter 1, a blower 12 for supplying air, and a controller 26 are provided.
[0048]
The organic solid waste 3 includes garbage discharged from homes, food residues discharged from a food manufacturing process, various animal excrements such as cow dung, sludge discharged from a wastewater treatment facility by a biological treatment method, and the like. It is a primary fermented product that does not contain harmful substances such as pesticides and heavy metals, and can be used as a raw material as long as it is an organic substance that can be decomposed by living organisms.
[0049]
Depending on the properties of the organic solid waste 3, treatments such as removal of foreign substances such as metal pieces and rubble, crushing of bulky substances, and mixing of seed compost containing aerobic fermentation microorganisms may be performed. The raw material organic solid exhaust 3 is charged into the fermenter 1 by the following procedure. The partition 2-1 is closed with the lowermost rotating shelves 13-1a to 13-1c horizontal, and the rotating shelves 13-2a to 13-2c and 13-3a of the partitions 2-2 and 2-3 thereon are closed. Open ~ 13-3c.
[0050]
The organic solid waste 3 is fed through the raw material inlet 14 and the conveyor 10. When a predetermined amount of the lowermost packed bed 5-1 is accumulated, the rotating shelves 13-2a to 13-2c thereon are leveled, and the partition 2-2 is closed. Thereafter, filling is performed sequentially up to the upper stage in the same manner to form packed beds 5-2 and 5-3.
[0051]
The packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 are filled so as to form gaseous space portions 4-1 to 4.3 under the upper partitions 2-2 and 2-3. The packing height of the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 is equal to or less than the height corresponding to the floor pressure that can be supplied from the physical properties of the raw material, the tank diameter, and the like. It is set in consideration of the required thickness of the space. Preferably it is in the range of 0.5 to 2 m.
[0052]
The gaseous space must have an angle enough to allow the packed bed 5 to fall from the inclined partition to the lower stage, that is, a repose angle.
[0053]
After the filling is completed, the oxygen-containing gas 9 is rotated by the blower 12 through the oxygen-containing gas supply pipes 18-1 to 18-3, the valves 16-1 to 16-3, and the flow meter side means 20-1 to 20-3. The fermentation is started by supplying on the shelves 13-1a to 13-1c, 13-2a to 13-2c, and 13-3a to 13-3c. During the fermentation, the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 during the fermentation are extracted from the fermenter 1 by the screw discharger 11 at appropriate times, supplied to the uppermost stage of the fermenter by the conveyor 10, circulated, and the fermentation is continued. I do.
[0054]
The packed bed 5-1 to 5-3 which has reached the target decomposition degree opens and closes the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 as necessary, passes through the screw discharger 11 and the conveyer 10 from the packed bed discharge port 27 to the outside of the system. Discharge as product compost.
[0055]
The organic solid waste or the aerobic fermentation product thereof in the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 is decomposed by aerobic fermentation by aerobic microorganisms.
[0056]
In order to efficiently perform aerobic fermentation, it is important to supply oxygen to the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 without excess or deficiency. Oxygen deficiency not only slows down the fermentation rate, but also shifts from aerobic fermentation to anaerobic fermentation, causing the accumulation of organic acids, which can lead to the generation of offensive odors and the deterioration of the quality of compost products due to acidification. For this reason, oxygen supply means for uniformly supplying oxygen to the entire packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 is particularly important.
[0057]
In this embodiment, partitions 2-1 to 2-3 having a plurality of ventilation nozzles attached to the upper surface are used. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the partition 2-1 and FIG. 3 is a side view thereof. The partition 2-1 is constituted by three sets of rotating shelf boards 13-1a to 13-1c. Similarly, each of the partitions 2-2 and 2-3 is constituted by three sets of rotating shelf boards 13-2a to 13-2c and 13-3a to 13-3c.
[0058]
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an outline of the rotating shelf 13-1a. The rotating shelf 13-1a is fixed to the rotating shaft 7 so as to be rotatable. On the upper surface of the rotating shelf 13-1a, a shelf board ventilation pipe 8B having a ventilation nozzle 6 on the side face is provided. The oxygen-containing gas 9 is passed through the shelf plate ventilation pipes 8A and 8B and blown out from the ventilation nozzle 6 into the packed bed 5-1 to supply oxygen required for fermentation.
[0059]
The shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B is arranged so as to be co-current with the flow of opening the rotating shelf plates 13-1a to 13-1c and dropping the packed bed 5-1 to the lower stage, and the ventilation nozzle 6 is provided in FIG. As shown in the figure, the section is provided on the side surface of the shelf board ventilation pipe 8B having a rectangular cross section. This can prevent clogging of the packed bed 5-1 and the ventilation nozzle 6 due to liquid oozing from the packed bed 5-1.
[0060]
6 to 9 are other examples showing the cross section of the shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B and the position of the ventilation nozzle 6. FIG. The shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 6 also uses a rectangular tube, one corner of which is welded to the rotating shelf 13-1a. The ventilation nozzle 6 has an aerobic fermentation product that falls from above. Because it is installed in the blind spot, it is more difficult to clog.
[0061]
The shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 7 is covered with an inverted V-shaped inclined plate 24 in which two planes are connected, and is unlikely to be clogged. The oxygen-containing gas 9 supplied from the ventilation nozzle 6 is supplied into the packed bed 5 from a cutout portion of the inclined plate 24.
[0062]
The shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 8 uses the circular pipe 25 and is easily processed. Also, the shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 9 uses a circular tube 25 as in FIG. 8, but is characterized in that a part thereof is cut to increase the welding area with the rotating shelf 13-1a. There is. By increasing the welding area, the rigidity of the rotating shelf 13-1a can be reinforced.
[0063]
In order to uniformly supply the oxygen-containing gas into the packed bed 5-1, it is desirable that the ventilation nozzles 6 are dispersedly arranged on the upper surfaces of the rotating shelves 13-1a to 13-1c. The installation density of the ventilation nozzle 6 is appropriately selected in consideration of the physical properties of the packed bed, fermentation activity, packed bed height, and the like.
[0064]
The oxygen-containing gas 9 supplied from the ventilation nozzle 6 into the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 rises in the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 and goes to the gas-phase spaces 4-1 to 4.3. The water is discharged from the fermenter 1 through the exhaust pipes 15-1 to 15-3.
[0065]
Normally, air is used as the oxygen-containing gas 9 supplied to the inside of the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3, but an oxygen-enriched gas may be used when the amount of ventilation is to be reduced. The amount of oxygen required by each packed bed 5-1 to 5-3 depends on the components of the raw material organic solid waste, the packed amount, the bed temperature, the bacterial concentration, the particle size, the void density, the moisture concentration, and the like. Although varying over time, low oxygen concentrations slow the rate of aerobic fermentation.
[0066]
In addition, supplying the oxygen-containing gas 9 more than necessary lowers the fermentation rate by cooling the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3, and also increases the energy for pressurizing the oxygen-containing gas 9 to be injected into the packed bed. Wasted. Therefore, in order to efficiently perform aerobic fermentation, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas should be 5% or more, preferably 10% or more. For this reason, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas 9 to each of the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 depends on the oxygen concentration measuring means provided in the exhaust pipes 15-1 to 15-3 with respect to the preset exhaust oxygen concentration. The control device 26 controls the valves 16-1 to 16-3 provided in the oxygen-containing gas supply pipes 18-1 to 18-3 so that the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas obtained by 17-1 to 17-3 becomes a set value. -3 is controlled to open and close to regulate the supply of oxygen-containing gas.
[0067]
In the present embodiment, the pressure in the gas phase space in each stage is such that the top stage is lower than the bottom stage in the fermenter so that a pressure distribution is formed inside the fermenter and supplied to each stage. The oxygen-containing gas is reliably discharged through the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 to the gas phase space without flowing out to the lower stage, and oxygen is sufficiently supplied.
[0068]
As means for forming a pressure distribution inside the fermenter, flow measuring means 20-1 to 20-3 are provided in the middle of each of the oxygen-containing gas supply pipes 18-1 to 18-3 at each stage, and the exhaust pipe 15 Valves 19-1 to 19-3 and flow rate measuring means 21-1 to 21-3 are provided in the middle of -1 to 15-3.
[0069]
The control device 26 for forming the pressure distribution inside the tank is provided with the oxygen-containing gas measured by the flow rate measuring means 20-1 to 20-3 provided in the middle of the oxygen-containing gas supply pipes 18-1 to 18-3 of the stage. The supply amount is controlled by controlling valves 19-1 to 19-3 provided in the middle of the exhaust pipes 15-1 to 15-3 and the exhaust amount measured by the flow rate measuring means 21-1 to 21-3. The proportion is adjusted so as to be 90 to 100%, preferably 95 to 99%. Thereby, a pressure distribution is formed inside the fermenter so that the pressure in the gas phase space in each stage is lower at the top side than at the bottom side.
[0070]
The pressure in the uppermost gas phase space 4-3 is set to the atmospheric pressure, and the ratio of the amount of exhaust gas to the amount of air supplied to the uppermost gas stage is 100 to 110%. Adjust the air pressure of 2. As a result, it is only necessary to install the flow rate measuring means 21-3 in the uppermost exhaust pipe line 15-3, and the valve 19-3 for adjusting the exhaust gas amount becomes unnecessary.
[0071]
At the bottom, the bottom of the fermenter is sealed to prevent it from flowing out of the fermenter. However, the amount corresponding to the amount flowing out from the partition 2-1 to the bottom of the fermenter is increased in advance, and oxygen is increased. The contained gas 9 may be supplied.
[0072]
As a method of forming a pressure distribution inside the fermenter, instead of monitoring the flow rate of the exhaust gas described above, pressure measuring means 23-1 to 23-3 are provided in the gas phase spaces 4-1 to 4-3 of each stage. It is also possible to adjust the air supply amount and the exhaust amount based on the measured value to adjust the air pressure to a required pressure.
[0073]
The operation for adjusting the pressure and the flow rate in the fermenter may be manually adjusted by an operator instead of the control device 26.
[0074]
In order to perform composting efficiently, it is preferable to mix the packed beds appropriately.
[0075]
In the composting apparatus of the present embodiment, the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 supporting the packed bed are opened, and the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 are dropped and transferred to the lower stage to perform the filling. The material is crushed and mixed. Insufficient mixing slows the fermentation rate due to lack of reaction substrates and excessive accumulation of fermentation products in the active part of the fermentation.
[0076]
However, the fermentation rate is not necessarily improved by increasing the amount of the above mixture, and there is an optimum mixing frequency depending on the type and amount of the organic solid waste as a raw material, the ease with which the organic matter is decomposed, and the degree of decomposition. In the present embodiment, the appropriate mixing time, that is, the transfer time to the lower stage of the packed bed 5-1 to 5-3 is determined based on the temperature of the packed bed, the oxygen consumption rate, and the elapsed time from the previous mixing operation. .
[0077]
The above-described mixing timing determination will be described with reference to the processing flow shown in FIG. The control device 26 calculates the elapsed time t from the previous mixing operation at every predetermined time. Then, the control device 26 determines whether or not t is equal to or less than a preset maximum allowable still time tH.
[0078]
When the fermented product is fermented in a state where the packed bed is allowed to stand still, the fermented material does not bind to each other to cause solidification of the whole packed bed. When the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 are opened, the packed bed is lowered. This is the time during which the properties that can be transferred to the next stage can be maintained, and varies depending on the raw materials, the height of packing, the water concentration in the packed bed, the degree of decomposition, and the like. Usually, it is 24 to 100 hours, preferably 24 to 72 hours.
[0079]
If it exceeds tH, it is immediately determined that the mixing operation is to be performed. When the temperature is equal to or lower than tH, the temperature T of the packed bed is measured by the temperature measuring means 22-1 to 22-3 provided at each stage, and the temperature T is equal to or lower than the packed bed maximum temperature Tm stored in the controller 26. Is determined. If it exceeds Tm, the information on Tm is replaced with the information on T, and the process proceeds to the determination of the oxygen consumption rate described later.
[0080]
If T is equal to or less than Tm, the temperature is compared with the lower limit temperature TL of the packed bed calculated by the control device 26 next. TL is a value obtained by subtracting a predetermined temperature from Tm, and is not particularly limited, but is usually a value obtained by subtracting 5 to 10 ° C.
[0081]
If T is greater than or equal to TL, the process proceeds to the determination of the oxygen consumption rate. In the determination step of the oxygen consumption rate, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas measured by the flow rate measuring means 20-1 to 20-3 and the oxygen concentration measuring means 17-1 to 17-3 and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas are measured. The oxygen consumption rate Or is calculated based on the information, and it is determined whether or not the oxygen consumption rate Orm stored in the control device 26 is equal to or less than Orm. If the value exceeds Orm, the information of Orm is replaced with the information of Orm, and the process waits until the next determination time.
[0082]
If it is equal to or less than Orm, it is compared with the oxygen consumption rate lower limit value OrL calculated by the control device 26 next. OrL is a numerical value obtained by multiplying Orm by a predetermined ratio and is not particularly limited, but is usually a numerical value obtained by multiplying Orm by 1/3, preferably by 1/2. If Or is equal to or greater than OrL, the process waits until the next determination time.
[0083]
If Or is equal to or less than Orm, and if T is equal to or less than TL, it is next determined whether or not t is equal to or greater than the minimum stationary time tL preset in the control device 26. If it is tL or more, it is determined that it is time to perform the mixing operation. If it is less than tL, it waits until the next determination time. The various information used in this determination is stored in the control device 26 as a database over time.
[0084]
In the case of the present embodiment in which a plurality of packed beds are provided in the fermenter 1, the above-described determination operation is repeated for each stage. Preferably, the operation is performed. When the raw materials are the same and the degree of composting of the packed bed in the fermenter is considered to be substantially uniform, the mixing time of the entire apparatus can be determined by one-stage determination.
[0085]
The mixing operation of the packed bed is performed by operating the drive mechanisms of the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 based on a command from the control device 26. The mixing operation can be automatically performed by the control device 26, and there is a method of performing the mixing operation manually by allowing the operating operator to recognize the execution time of the mixing operation by means of displaying or notifying the time.
[0086]
After the mixing operation, the values of Tm, TL, Orm, and OrL are cleared to zero.
[0087]
By continuing the aerobic fermentation using the composting apparatus of this embodiment, the packed bed volume and weight are reduced, the organic matter in the raw material is decomposed, and the organic matter concentration is gradually reduced. Accordingly, the rate of aerobic fermentation and the rate of oxygen consumption decrease, and the temperature of the packed bed also decreases with a decrease in the amount of heat generated by aerobic fermentation. The end of composting is determined in consideration of these situations. In making the determination, it is particularly preferable to use the change over time in the organic matter decomposition rate and the oxygen consumption rate as indexes. In addition, electric conductivity, cation exchange capacity, pH and the like can also be used as indices.
[0088]
When compost is effectively used as a fertilizer for the production of agricultural products, it is not necessary to decompose organic matter to the limit, and it is sufficient to decompose the target agricultural products to a level that does not adversely affect growth inhibition. Not even.
[0089]
When it is determined that the compost has reached the target decomposition degree, the fermented product is discharged out of the tank by the screw discharger 11 and the conveyor 10, and the water content is adjusted and the fertilizer component is adjusted as necessary. Into compost products.
[0090]
For the fermentation in a plurality of fermenters, the following transfer means that share the respective transfer routes for the raw material supply, the circulation of the packed bed, and the discharge outside the system in a single tank are required.
[0091]
(1) A horizontal transfer path that connects the outlet at the bottom of each fermenter with the lower part of the vertical transfer path.
[0092]
(2) A vertical transfer route that can be transferred upward.
[0093]
(3) A horizontal transfer path connecting the upper part of the vertical transfer path and the supply port at the top of each fermenter.
[0094]
The transfer route is appropriately selected depending on the operation method such as batch processing and continuous processing of a plurality of fermenters, the arrangement of the fermenters, the transfer means, the physical properties of the raw materials, the transfer capacity, and the like.
[0095]
[Example 2]
Next, an example of a fermentation method using a fermentation system including a plurality of fermenters will be described. The present embodiment is a sequential feeding method of batch fermentation by a fermentation system including one vertical transfer path, and FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the flow thereof.
[0096]
The raw organic solid waste 3 is raised by the vertical transfer path 40 via the raw material supply branch path 32, the lower horizontal transfer path 42-1 and the lower path connection part 37, and is passed through the upper path connection part 45 on the left side of the drawing. The upper lateral transfer path 43-1 is transferred and introduced into the fermenter 1-1 via the fermenter supply path 44-1.
[0097]
When the fermentation needs to be accelerated, the seed packed bed 35 is added to the raw organic solid waste 3 via the seed packed bed transfer branch path 36 as necessary. After introduction into the fermenter 1-1, air is supplied into the packed bed 5-11 to start fermentation.
[0098]
During this time, the raw solid organic waste 3 is introduced intermittently, for example, once a day, into the fermenter 1-1 at an arbitrary time interval until the effective volume reaches saturation or a set volume. Also, at an arbitrary interval intermittently, for example, at a frequency of 1 to 3 days, part or all of the packed bed 5-11 in the fermenter 1-1 is discharged via the fermenter discharge path 41-1. The same route as above is circulated counterclockwise in the figure to continue fermentation.
[0099]
During or after accumulation in the fermenter, when the fermentation has progressed to the set fermentation degree or when the fermentation has ended, the packed bed 5-1 is transferred rightward in the figure by the lower horizontal transfer path 42-1. It is discharged from the lower horizontal transfer path 37 through the outside discharge branch path 39 for discharging the packed bed as an outside discharge packed bed 38.
[0100]
On the other hand, when the effective volume of the fermenter 1-1 is saturated or set to an unsaturated state, the introduction of the raw material organic solid waste 3 into the fermenter 1-1 is stopped in parallel with the above-described process. To the tank, for example, the fermenter 1-3, the raw material supply branch path 32, the lower horizontal transfer path 42-1, the vertical transfer path 40, the upper horizontal transfer path 43-2, and the fermenter supply path 44-3. It is transferred and introduced into the fermenter 1-3 to start fermentation.
[0101]
Hereinafter, batch fermentation is sequentially performed by repeating introduction, fermentation, circulation, and out-of-system discharge of the raw material organic solid waste 3 sequentially to an unused fermenter and an empty fermenter after fermentation in the same manner. Perform continuous processing by the formula.
[0102]
In FIG. 11, the horizontal transfer path is composed of one continuous path, while as shown in FIG. 12, the lower horizontal transfer path 42 and the upper horizontal transfer path 43 are each composed of one conveyor or the like. Here is an example. Instead of the transfer to the right of the lower lateral transfer path 42-1 and the left of 42-2 and the transfer of the upper horizontal transfer path 43-1 to the right and 43-2 to the left in FIG. By inverting the transfer direction of the lower horizontal transfer path 42 and the upper horizontal transfer path 43, the transfer is performed in the target direction. In the figure, an upper route connection transfer direction switching unit 46 and a lower route connection transfer direction switching unit 47 have a transfer direction switching function in addition to the route connection function.
[0103]
As the transfer means, a part of a forced transfer type such as a conveyor or a screw can be replaced by gravity transfer using an inclined pipe or an inclined groove.
[0104]
For example, in FIGS. 14 and 15, a vertical transfer path such as a bucket type conveyor is provided at the center of four independent tanks, and a horizontal transfer path formed by combining a plurality of belt conveyors is provided at the bottom. An example using a tube will be described.
[0105]
FIG. 14 shows an example in which a part of the lower horizontal transfer path is of a forced transfer type such as a belt conveyor, and the other is of a gravity transfer type.
[0106]
[Example 3]
The present embodiment is an example of an extrusion flow type continuous fermentation by fermentation with circulation including one vertical transfer path, which will be described with reference to FIG.
[0107]
The raw organic solid waste 3 is raised by the vertical transfer path 40 via the raw material supply branch path 32 and the lower horizontal transfer path 42. Next, it is transferred to the left side by the upper lateral transfer path 43 and introduced into the fermenter 1-1 via the fermenter supply path 44-1 to start fermentation. Meanwhile, at an arbitrary time interval, part or all of the packed bed 5-11 in the fermenter 1-1 is discharged from the fermenter 1-1 via the fermenter discharge path 41-1. Circulates counterclockwise in the figure.
[0108]
When the fermentation has progressed to the set degree of progress, the packed bed 5-11 is transferred rightward by the lower horizontal transfer path 42. Next, the fermenter is introduced into the fermenter 1-2 via the vertical transfer path 40, the upper horizontal transfer path 43, and the fermenter supply path 44-2, and the fermentation further proceeds.
[0109]
In the same manner, the packed bed 5-12 stays in the fermenter 1-3 under intermittent circulation for a set period. Further, the packed bed 5-13 is discharged in the same manner and introduced into the fermenter 1-4 for fermentation.
[0110]
The packed bed 5-14 that has reached the final set fermentation degree is discharged out of the system as the outside discharge packed bed 38 through the lower horizontal transfer path 42, the lower path connection part 47, and the outside discharge branch path 39.
[0111]
In addition, continuous fermentation can also be performed by sequentially transferring to another fermentation tank without circulation.
[0112]
[Example 4]
Example 1 This example describes a batch-type progressive fermentation using a fermentation system including a plurality of vertical transfer paths.
[0113]
FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of a fermentation system including two vertical transfer paths. Fermentation is performed in the same manner as in Example 2, but when introducing, fermenting, circulating, and discharging the raw materials, a vertical transfer path closer to the fermenter, for example, a vertical transfer path 40-1 in the fermenter 1-1 is used. In the clockwise direction, the packed bed is transferred and circulated counterclockwise in the fermenter 1-n using the vertical transfer path 40-2.
[0114]
According to this embodiment, it is possible to produce high-quality compost by short-time aerobic fermentation.
[0115]
[Example 5]
The feature of the present embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 16, a ventilation grid 50 having a ventilation nozzle 6 in the packed bed is added as an oxygen supply means to the packed bed of each stage in the fermenter in the first embodiment. It is.
[0116]
As shown in FIG. 17, the ventilation grid 50 is formed by connecting two inclined planes in a chevron shape, the inclined plate 24 having an inverted V-shaped cross section, and a grid ventilation pipe 53 having a ventilation nozzle 6 on the surface. This is used by forming it in the form of a lattice by making it orthogonal on the same plane.
[0117]
Oxygen is supplied into the packed bed from the ventilation nozzle 6 provided on the upper surface of the partition 2 and the ventilation nozzle 6 provided on the ventilation grid 50. The shape, number of installations, installation positions, and the like of the ventilation grid 50 are not particularly limited, and are selected in consideration of the organic solid waste as the raw material and the filling amount, the bed temperature, the bacterial concentration, the particle size, the void density, and the moisture concentration.
[0118]
If the ventilation grid 50 is installed in the middle of the path where the partition 2 opens and the packed bed falls from the upper stage, the crushing effect of the packed bed can be further improved and the filling height can be leveled.
[0119]
In addition, the effect is particularly great when oxygen is insufficient when only the oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the bottom surface, such as when the height of the packed bed is high or when the supply of only the oxygen-containing gas from the bottom surface is performed, such as fermentation of a raw material having a high oxygen consumption rate.
[0120]
When the diameter of the fermenter is small, the ventilation grids 50 may not be orthogonal but may be arranged in parallel.
[0121]
[Example 6]
The feature of the present embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 18, an exhaust grate 54 is added to each stage in the fermenter of the fifth embodiment as an exhaust gas discharging means of the packed bed in the packed bed.
[0122]
The shape, the number of installations, the installation position, etc. of the exhaust grid 54 are not particularly limited, and are selected in consideration of the organic solid waste as a raw material and its filling amount, bed temperature, bacterial concentration, particle size, void density, and moisture concentration. Usually, the same shape as the ventilation grid 50 is used.
[0123]
When a large amount of oxygen-containing gas needs to be supplied to the fermentation bed, the aeration differential pressure can be reduced and the supply pressure of the oxygen gas supply blower can be reduced, which is effective for energy saving.
[0124]
[Example 7]
Using the composting apparatus of Example 1, 500 kg of primary-treated garbage, which was obtained by pulverizing and drying garbage discharged from a cafeteria as a fermentation raw material, and 2,000 kg of cow dung to which bark was added at a weight ratio of 20% were mixed. The compost was prepared by fermentation for 50 days under aerobic conditions. The compost was dried to obtain 600 kg of dry compost having a water content of 10%.
[0125]
A germination test of Komatsuna was carried out using extracted water obtained by adding 200 g of pure water to 10 g of the compost. As a result, a germination rate of 95% was obtained, no inhibition on germination was observed, and it was confirmed that the compost was high-quality compost.
[0126]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to fill the tank in the lateral direction without any gap, and to uniformly supply oxygen required for fermentation to each packed bed in each stage.
[0127]
In addition, aerobic fermentation can be performed efficiently and quickly by mixing with a simple mechanism, and high-quality compost can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an organic solid waste composting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an outline of a partition used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view showing an outline of a partition used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an outline of a rotating shelf used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a mixing timing determination method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an oxygen supply method of the organic solid waste composting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view of a ventilation grid used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional view showing an oxygen supply method of the organic solid waste composting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fermentation tank, 2 ... Partition, 3 ... Organic solid waste, 4 ... Gas phase space part, 5 ... Packed bed, 6 ... Vent nozzle, 7 ... Rotation axis, 8 ... Shelf board ventilation line, 9 ... Oxygen-containing Gas: 10: Conveyor, 11: Screw ejector, 12: Blower, 13: Rotating shelf, 14: Raw material input hole, 15: Exhaust line, 16, 19: Valve, 17: Oxygen concentration measuring means, 18: Oxygen Contained gas supply conduit, 20, 21: flow rate measuring means, 22: temperature measuring means, 23: barometer side means, 24: inclined plate, 25: circular pipe, 26: control device, 27: packed bed discharge port, 32 ... Branch path for raw material supply, 35 ... Packed bed for seed, 36 ... Branch path for transfer of packed bed for seed, 37 ... Connector of lower path, 38 ... Outside packed bed, 39 ... Outboard packed bed for discharging outside Path, 40: vertical transfer path, 41: fermenter discharge path, 42: lower horizontal transfer path, 43: upper part Direction transfer path, 44: Fermenter supply path, 45: Upper path connection section, 46: Upper path connection and transfer direction switching section, 47: Lower path connection and transfer direction switching section, 50: Ventilation grid, 53: Grid ventilation pipe Road, 54 ... exhaust grid.

Claims (9)

A plurality of openable and closable partitions are arranged in the fermentation tank above and below the tank, and organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation product is filled so that a gas phase space is formed under the partition located directly above. In the aerobic fermentation method of organic solid waste in which a multi-stage packed bed is formed and the packed bed is aerobically fermented, the pressure of the gas phase space on each packed bed decreases from the bottom to the top. An aerobic fermentation method for organic solid waste in which air is supplied to each packed bed and exhausted from the gas space while maintaining the pressure. The aerobic method of the organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the gas phase space in each packed bed is adjusted by adjusting the amount of air supplied to each packed bed and the amount of exhaust gas from the gas space. Fermentation method. A plurality of openable and closable partitions for controlling the passage of the organic solid waste or the aerobic fermented material in the fermenter are arranged in the tank, and the fillers filled on each partition are placed on the partitions. In the aerobic fermentation apparatus for filling the packing so as to form a gas phase space between the partition and a multi-stage packed bed in the fermenter, and for aerobically fermenting the organic solid waste, One of the plurality of stages comprises an openable and closable partition comprising a plurality of rotating shelves, the plurality of rotating shelves having an oxygen supply means on an upper surface, one end fixed as a rotating shaft, and the same rotating shelf. rotating in the direction disposed so as to open and close the partition of the stage, and partitioning rehabilitation positioned above and below the partition of the stage, the rotational direction of opening and closing in the opposite direction to the rotation direction of the partition of the stages Aerobic emission of organic solid waste characterized by the arrangement Apparatus. A plurality of openable and closable partitions for controlling the passage of the organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation material in the fermenter are arranged in the tank in multiple stages, and the fillers filled on each partition are placed on the partition. In an aerobic fermentation apparatus that forms a multi-stage packed bed in a fermenter by filling the packing so as to form a gas phase space with a partition located therein and aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste, A free partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves, a part of which is fixed to a rotating shaft, provided with oxygen supply means on the upper surface of the rotating shelf, and a gas phase space formed by the partition and the packed bed is provided. In order to form a pressure distribution in which the lower part of the fermenter is higher than the upper part of the fermenter, the organic solid waste having an exhaust means for adjusting the exhaust amount and / or an air supply means for adjusting the air supply amount at each stage. Aerobic fermentation equipment. The aerobic fermentation apparatus for organic solid waste according to claim 3 or 4, further comprising a pressure measuring means for measuring a pressure in a gas phase space formed in each stage of the fermenter separated by each partition. A fermentation tank fractionated into two or more by a partition provided in the tank, and an organic solid waste or an aerobic fermentation product thereof is filled on the partition to form a packed bed, and the organic solid waste of the packed bed is formed. In the vertical composting apparatus for aerobic fermentation, the partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves, a part of which is fixed to a rotating shaft, and arranging oxygen supply means on an upper surface of the rotating shelf, Each stage of the fermentation tank separated by the partition is provided with an exhaust pipe equipped with an exhaust air volume control means, an organic solid waste or aerobic fermentation product supply means at the upper part of the fermentation tank, and an aerobic part at the lower part of the fermentation tank. A discharging means for discharging the fermented material out of the fermenter, a transfer means for transferring the aerobic fermented material discharged out of the fermenter to the upper part of the fermenter, and a water supply means for supplying the aerobic fermented material; The air pressure in each gas phase space formed by the floor and the partition Vertical multistage composting apparatus for aerobic fermentation and more pressure measuring means for the pressure distribution to be low formed fermenter toward the upper side, the organic solid waste, comprising the pressure regulating means. 7. The vertical multi-stage composting apparatus for aerobically fermenting organic solid waste according to claim 6, further comprising a supply / exhaust means for supplying / evacuating the packed bed on the partition. The temperature of the packed bed on the partition, the flow rate and the oxygen concentration of the gas exhausted from the gas phase space formed on the packed bed are measured, the timing of performing the mixing operation is determined, and the partition is opened to open the lower section. The method for aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic solid waste is dropped and transported. Means for measuring the temperature of the packed bed, means for measuring the flow rate and oxygen concentration of gas exhausted from the gas phase space formed on the packed bed, and calculating the oxygen consumption rate of the packed bed, The aerobic fermentation apparatus for organic solid waste according to any one of claims 3 to 5, further comprising control means for judging an execution time of the mixing operation, opening the partition, and dropping and transferring it to a lower stage.

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