JP3423531B2 - Organic matter fermentation treatment method and fermentation treatment device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to raw garbage, livestock dung,
Fermentation of organic matter such as agricultural waste, food processing residue, sludge, etc. to effectively recover it as a soil conditioner or organic fertilizer, or to ferment organic matter to reduce its volume and facilitate disposal. The present invention relates to a processing device .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Usually, in the process of composting organic solid waste such as raw garbage, livestock manure, sludge, etc., a scoop type,
Various fermenters such as rotary kiln type, horizontal drum mechanical stirring type, vertical multi-stage arm type, and vertical silo type have been developed and put into practical use. However, each device has merits and demerits, and there is no universal treatment method.Therefore, according to the treatment conditions of the raw material, the fermentation performance, maintainability, power, installation area, price, etc. are selected and applied. There is. Generally, the scoop type has excellent fermentation performance, but the installation area is large and maintenance of aeration perforated plates etc. and odor collection are troublesome, while the rotary kiln type is low cost, small power and easy to maintain, The material filling rate is low and it is not suitable for large-volume processing, and it is difficult to control the fermentation temperature.The horizontal drum mechanical stirring type has good fermentation performance, but it is not suitable for large-volume processing due to excessive power and it is difficult to control fermentation. The multi-stage arm type and the rigid silo type each have their own advantages and disadvantages such as difficulty in maintenance.

Among these, the kiln type fermenter has a great advantage in terms of low cost as described above,
It is desired to solve problems such as large capacity processing. In order to elucidate the cause of the above-mentioned problems, the outline of a conventional kiln type fermenter will be described below. The kiln-type fermentation apparatus uses a drum composed of a rotatable cylinder and non-rotating side plates that close both ends of the cylinder as a fermentation tank, and the fermentation material is supplied from one end of the fermentation tank and the other end. Emitted from. The fermented material contained in the fermenter is mixed and agitated by the rotation of the cylinder, comes into contact with the air in the space in the fermenter, and is aerobically fermented to move to the other end. In this case, the mixing and stirring of the material is performed by scraping the material by the adhesive force of the material to the inner surface of the cylinder and finally sliding down the material surface with a constant thickness according to the angle of repose. At this time, a baffle plate is provided in order to increase the frying height and the frying capacity of the material, and the rotation speed of the tubular body is increased. The contact between the fermented material necessary for fermentation and the air and the dispersion of the material are mainly performed in the process in which the material is scooped up on the inner surface of the cylinder and slides down.

[0004]

By the way, if the filling rate of the material with respect to the inner volume of the fermenter is increased, the treatment amount is increased, and if the treatment amount is the same, the filling rate is required to be increased. The volume of the fermenter can be reduced and the device can be made compact. However, in the above-mentioned conventional apparatus, the filling rate of the material into the fermenter is limited to several percent to 30% at the maximum, and the apparatus is operated at a relatively low filling rate. This is because, in the above-mentioned fermentation apparatus, the material that is fried and slid along the inner wall of the tubular body is limited to the vicinity of the surface, and the material is in a stationary state except for this sliding-down condition. If the volume increases,
This is because a big problem arises.

That is, when the filling rate of the material is increased, as shown in FIG. 14, the scraping height of the material 120 to be scraped by the scraping plate 102 in the cylindrical body 101 becomes a little larger, so that the slipping amount increases a little. Only by increasing the distance, the amount of material moved per rotation of the cylinder 101 hardly changes. Then, in the vicinity of the central portion of the material 120, it becomes difficult to move, which makes effective mixing and stirring difficult. In particular, when the filling rate is about 30% or more, the vicinity of the central portion becomes almost stationary, which makes efficient fermentation treatment difficult. As a countermeasure against this, it is conceivable to increase the rotational speed of the cylindrical body 101 to increase the moving speed of the material, but there is a problem that excessive power is required for high rotation, and moreover, the central portion of the material is Since it is difficult to move, the corresponding effect cannot be obtained.

In addition, the material is 70%, such as garbage and livestock manure.
When the material has a high water content above a certain level, increasing the material filling capacity in the conventional device slows down the movement of the material due to the rotation of the cylinder due to its own adhesive force, increasing its non-uniformity and increasing the mixing effect. Is reduced. In addition, if the number of rotations is increased to cover this, the material often becomes partly dumpling-shaped, which makes aerobic fermentation processing inside the material difficult and reduces the specific surface area of the material as a whole. The delays and non-uniformity are significant. Also, since anaerobic fermentation also occurs, the bad odor generated becomes stronger.

Further, in the above-mentioned fermenter, since water in the material is volatilized and reduced as the fermentation decomposition progresses, a sprinkling pipe is provided in the upper space of the material so as to maintain a suitable fermentation performance, and sprinkling water is appropriately sprinkled from the sprinkling pipe. Then, the water content of the material is adjusted. However, when the filling rate of the material is increased, it is difficult to effectively mix and stir the material as described above, and there is a problem that it is difficult to uniformly adjust the water content.

In addition, in the conventional kiln type fermenter, the contact between the material and air, which is the point of the fermentation process, is
It is performed by ventilating the upper space in the fermenter. Therefore, the aeration required for fermentation is basically performed on the surface of the material, and especially when the filling rate of the material is increased, the aeration effect is remarkably reduced in the part where the material is difficult to move as described above. become. Furthermore, in order to activate the fermentation and activate the aerobic microbial activity and maintain an appropriate fermentation condition, it is necessary to control the temperature of the material. Alternatively, it is performed by adjusting the temperature. However, this aeration is performed through the space part from the inlet at the one end to the outlet at the other end in the fermentation tank, and for example, when the fermentation is at its peak, it is usually necessary to greatly increase the air amount. But
As described above, it is difficult to perform an appropriate fermentation treatment corresponding to each location by the method of collectively controlling the ventilation amount through the space.

As described above, in the conventional kiln-type fermentation apparatus, the contact efficiency between the material and air is poor, the effect of vaporizing water due to heat transfer and fermentation heat is low, and a non-uniform state is likely to occur. Ventilation through the entire inner space makes it difficult to properly control fermentation according to the progress of the fermented material, etc., so that suitable fermentation performance has not been obtained, and the filling rate is further increased for efficient It is difficult to ferment into. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a fermentation apparatus capable of increasing the filling rate of materials and performing uniform and high-speed processing. And

[0010]

In order to solve the above problems, the fermentation treatment apparatus for organic matter according to the first aspect of the present invention uses a rotary cylinder having a scraping plate on the inner surface as a fermentation tank, to, in the fermentation treatment apparatus is stirring blade rotated by the rotation axis along the axial direction of the cylindrical body is arranged, prior to
Is the rotation diameter of the stirring blade 40 to 80% of the inner diameter of the cylinder?
The width of the scraping plate in the radial direction is 3 to the inner diameter of the tubular body.
20%, and the inner space of the cylinder has a plurality of fermentation zones in the axial direction.
The fermentation environment is controlled for each fermentation zone.
The space corresponding to each fermentation zone
The air supply means is arranged on the bottom side of the
It is characterized in that steps are arranged . Moreover, the fermentation treatment apparatus for an organic matter according to a second aspect of the invention is the same as in the first aspect,
Aeration volume of each fermentation zone maintains a balance between ventilation and exhaust
It is characterized by adjusting while .

Further, in the organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus of the third invention, in the first or second invention, a sprinkling means corresponding to each fermentation zone is arranged on the upper side of the cylindrical space. The organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus of the fourth aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in the invention of any one of the first to third aspects, a partitioning portion that controls passage of the fermentation material is provided at a boundary portion of each fermentation zone. It is characterized by

In the apparatus of the present invention, the fermented material can be stirred from both sides of the inner and outer circumferences by providing stirring blades different from the scraping plate in the cylinder. A stirring blade described below is suitable as the stirring means. In this method, it is desirable to divide the inside of the fermenter into a plurality of fermentation zones in the axial direction and control the fermentation environment for each fermentation zone, but the position of this division and the number of divisions take into consideration the progress of fermentation, etc. Can be determined. It is usually appropriate to divide it into three fermentation zones. As the fermentation environment in each fermentation zone, the temperature of the fermentation material,
The water content, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, the stirring state, etc. are shown. The above control controls one or more of these elements. The control means of the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be performed by air supply, exhaust gas, water spray, air supply or water spray, heating of materials, change of stirring blades, and the like, which will be described later.

In the fermentation apparatus of the present invention, the cylindrical body to be the fermentation tank is usually circular in cross section, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, an elliptical cross section or a polygonal cross section can be used. It is also possible to use a shape.
Further, the shape and number of the scraping plates formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical body are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately changed in accordance with the type of material to be processed. Further, the shape and arrangement position of the scraping plate can be changed depending on the axial position of the fermenter in correspondence with the fermentation zone. Radial direction of scraping board
Is about 3 to 20% of the inner diameter of the cylindrical body.

The stirring blades arranged in the fermenter are
Depending on the type and characteristics of the raw materials and the characteristic changes in the fermentation process, cutter type, skid type, paddle type, ribbon type, screw type and the like can be applied alone or in combination. Further, in order to save the power for stirring the material by the stirring blade, it is possible to select and set an appropriate combination including local attachment, omission, and diameter. When the fermenter is divided into a plurality of fermentation zones, these changes can be partially performed corresponding to each zone. The rotating diameter of the stirring blade is 40 to 80 of the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 1.
Select so that it becomes%. If the raw material is large and irregular in shape such as raw material, it is usually crushed as a pretreatment for fermentation.However, a crushing operation can be performed collectively in this fermentation tank by applying a cutter type stirring blade. It is also easy to do. In addition, according to the present invention, the stirring blade can be rotated in conjunction with the tubular body, and the synchronization and the asynchronous with the tubular body can be appropriately selected. The point is that the fermentation material can be efficiently stirred. However, for efficient stirring, it is desirable to rotate the stirring blade in the direction opposite to the rotating direction of the cylindrical body. Further, it is desirable that the rotation of the stirring blades can be changed in the number of rotations and the direction of rotation in accordance with the characteristics such as the water content, type, and particle size of the treatment material and the rotation of the cylindrical body.

The axis of rotation about which the stirring blade rotates can be obtained by actually disposing the shaft body in the cylindrical body and providing the stirring blade on the shaft body to rotate the shaft body. However, the present invention may have a virtual shaft center without actually having a shaft body, and the point is that the structure is such that the stirring blade can rotate around this shaft center.

Further, the air supply means, the exhaust means, and the water sprinkling means are
Each of them may be one that can obtain the functions of air supply, exhaust, and water sprinkling, and is usually achieved by arranging an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a water sprinkling pipe having openings. When arranging these means corresponding to the fermentation zone, in most cases, each means is arranged for each fermentation zone, but the present invention is not limited to this, and in some cases It is also possible to provide the said means common to several fermentation zones.

Next, the partition part provided at the boundary of the fermentation zone, if desired, can be constructed by arranging, for example, a flat partition plate so as to intersect with the axial direction. The partition part may partition not only the entire vertical section of the fermentation tank but also a part thereof. Further, the method of controlling the passage of the fermented material is not particularly limited, and for example, a partition plate having a predetermined height is provided, and it is used that the material overflows the partition plate according to the storage amount of the material. Can be controlled by controlling the height of the partition, adjusting the opening provided in the partition, or changing the upper limit height of the partition.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. The cylindrical body 1 having a circular cross section,
3, which are rotatably supported on the outer peripheral surface by a plurality of receiving rolls 3 ... and a cylindrical body rotation drive device 4, and extend in the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 1 and are arranged in the circumferential direction at regular intervals. A scraping board 2 ... 2 is provided. At both openings of the tubular body 1, non-rotating side walls 5a for blocking the openings,
5b are respectively arranged, and the cylindrical body 1 and the side walls 5 are provided.
A drum type fermenter 6 is constituted by a and 5b. The tubular body normally has non-rotatable side walls at both ends, but depending on other structures, it is possible to close the both end openings by the side wall that rotates together with the tubular body.

The side wall 5a is connected with a charging chute 7 for accommodating the fermentation raw material in the fermentation tank, and a charging valve 7a for adjusting the charging amount is provided at the upper end of the charging chute 7. There is. On the other hand, a discharge port (not shown) is provided on the side wall 5b on the discharge side, and a discharge adjusting plate 8 is provided so as to block a part of the discharge port. By moving the discharge adjusting plate 8, the height of the discharge opening can be adjusted to change the filling rate of the material. In addition, the both side walls 5a,
A shaft 9 extending along the axial direction of the tubular body 1 is provided between the shafts 5b, and a rotary drive device 10 is connected to an end of the shaft 9. A large number of stirring blades 11 ... 11 are fixed to the shaft body 9 in the fermenter 6, and the rotation driving device 10 rotates the stirring blades 11 ... 11 independently of the cylindrical body 1.

The stirring blade 1 mounted on the shaft body 9
1 to 11 are provided over the entire axial direction so that most of the material in the fermenter can be stirred depending on the processing condition of the material, or can be provided within a fixed range.
The rotation diameter and the installation interval of the stirring blades 11 are set according to the type of material, the characteristics, the filling rate in the fermentation tank, the shape of the baffle plate for scraping the inner surface of the cylinder, the rotation speed of the cylinder, and the like. For example, depending on these conditions, the material that is lifted and moved along the inner wall of the tubular body changes about 10 to 30% of the diameter of the tubular body depending on the thickness from the wall surface, so that the material near the center of the filling material is changed. In order to improve the efficiency of stirring and the stirring of the material in the vicinity of the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body and to provide a vent pipe in the filling material described later, the rotation diameter of the stirring blade is 40 to 40 mm of the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 1. It is desirable to select 80%. If the diameter of this blade is too small, it will be difficult to stir the material in the stagnant portion near the center of the filling part, and if it is too large, the stirring power will be excessive, and it will be difficult to control fermentation such as aeration and sprinkling of the material. Become. Therefore, stirring and mixing of the materials are effectively performed in the above diameter range. In addition,
At this time, the width of the scraping plate 2 in the radial direction is 3 to 2 of the inner diameter of the cylindrical body.
It is desirable to set it to about 0%. In this embodiment, a combination of a skid type and a paddle type is used for the stirring blades, the diameter of which is 60% of the inner diameter of the cylindrical body, and the width of the scraping plate in the radial direction is 6% of the inner diameter of the cylindrical body.

Further, in this embodiment, the ventilation pipe 12 is connected to the upper side of the side wall 5b and the exhaust pipe 1 is provided on the upper side of the side wall 5a in order to ventilate through the upper space of the cylindrical body 1 as in the conventional case.
3 are connected. The ventilation pipe 12 is connected to a ventilation blower 16 via a flow meter 14 and a ventilation valve 15 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, a deodorizing blower 17 is connected to the exhaust pipe 13, and a microbial deodorizing device 18 is connected to the discharge side of the deodorizing blower 17. It should be noted that temperature measuring instruments 19, 19, 19 are arranged on the inner wall of the fermenter 6, so that the temperature of the treated material during fermentation can be measured. The ventilation amount can be adjusted based on the temperature measurement result. In this embodiment, the whole fermentation tank is kept warm in order to obtain good progress of fermentation.

A fermentation treatment method using the above apparatus is shown in FIGS.
Based on the above, the raw material is sent from the raw material storage tank 21 to the mixing device 22, and the water content is adjusted by adding a water content adjusting material separately supplied from the storage tank 23. Then, it is supplied from the charging chute 7 into the fermenter 6. After the charging is completed, the charging valve 7 is closed. Fermentation The material contained in the end of the fermenter 6 is stirred and mixed by the rotation of the cylinder 1 and the stirring blades 11 rotating in the opposite direction to the rotation, and is supplied from the ventilation pipe 12 of the side wall 5b. It comes into contact with the air flowing to the exhaust pipe 13 of the side wall 5b through the space above the surface of the material, and is gradually discharged to the outlet side (side wall 5b side).
Is fermented while moving to.

In this case, the filling rate of the material contained in the fermenter 6 can be changed by adjusting the discharge adjusting plate 8 at the outlet of the fermenter 6, which is set in advance. It is selected based on the fermentation treatment period and the volume reduction rate in the fermentation decomposition treatment during that period. Further, the rotation speeds of the cylinder 1 and the stirring blade 11 are selected according to the diameter of the cylinder, the throughput, the material characteristics, and the like. Fermentation control is a temperature meter 1
The aeration valve 15 is adjusted by 9 to adjust the aeration amount to be supplied, and the materials are continuously stirred and mixed. The fermented material subjected to the fermentation treatment is discharged from the automatically operated discharge valve 24 of the fermentation tank 6 in accordance with the input of the material from the input port, and becomes a primary product. Then, the fermented material 20a is further sent to the curing tank 25 and subjected to a secondary fermentation treatment to be a compost product. In this curing tank 25, air is supplied by an air blower 26 to improve the efficiency of curing. On the other hand, the fermentation exhaust gas generated in the fermenter 6 is suctioned and collected by the deodorizing blower 17 from the exhaust port 13 and deodorized by the microbial deodorizing device 18.

In the above embodiment, when typical crushed and adjusted raw garbage is stored in the fermenter at a high filling rate of 50%, how the material 20 behaves in the inner cross section of the fermenter is determined. This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 14 based on the results of the experimental study. In the case of the conventional method, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 14, in accordance with the rotation of the tubular body 101, the scraping plate 102 provided on the inner surface of the filling material 120 lifts and drops the material in the vicinity of the tubular body, The material near the surface moves to the main body and is agitated. On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, the material 20 near the surface is stirred and moved by the scraping plate 2, and the material in the stagnant state near the center of the filling portion and the inner wall of the cylindrical body 1 is stirred and moved by the stirring blade 11, Further, while the material near the surface is squeezed into the central portion, it is further fried and falls and moves near the surface in accordance with the angle of repose. The above operation becomes more effective by rotating the stirring blade 11 in the direction opposite to the cylinder 1. Further, as the stirring blade 11 is rotated in the opposite direction to the rotation of the cylindrical body 1, the moving and stirring of the material occurs in the opposite direction as described above, so that the surface of the material is leveled. And this is
The aeration operation for fermentation is homogenized to bring about an effective effect on fermentation control. With the above action, the filling rate in the fermenter can be increased to about 60% while maintaining good fermentation efficiency.

(Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the inside of the fermentation tank 6 is virtually divided in the axial direction in consideration of the degree of progress of fermentation. It is generally said that continuous fermentation treatment of raw garbage or the like is usually carried out in three stages due to decomposition of materials, a change in microflora depending on temperature and the like. In the first stage, components such as sugars and fats in the material are mainly decomposed by aerobic bacteria to reach a temperature range of 30 to 50 ° C, and in the second stage, components such as fats and proteins in the material are filamentous. Decomposed by fungi, bacteria, etc., the temperature range is 50 ~ 65 ℃,
In the third stage, proteins, celluloses are radiofungi,
Decomposed by bacteria, basidiomycetes, etc., temperature range is 60-7
It forms a pattern of fermentative degradation such that it is 0 ° C. The first stage is a process in which easily degradable materials such as sugars and fats are most actively decomposed including the start-up stage of fermentation, and a large amount of aeration is required, and the second stage is fats, proteins, etc. This is the process of decomposing a relatively highly degradable material,
The third stage is a process of curing treatment in which hardly-decomposable materials such as proteins and celluloses are decomposed and stabilized as aged compost, and appropriate fermentation conditions are different in each stage.

In this embodiment, the fermentation tank is divided into three fermentation zones in conformity with the above-mentioned fermentation stage. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given with reference to FIGS. In addition,
In this embodiment, the same structures as those in the above-mentioned embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. That is, the fermenter 6 is axially divided into three zones 30a, 30b, 30c (virtually divided), and further, in order to enhance the contact efficiency between the material and air, the fermenter 6 is placed in the bottom fermented material in the fermenter 6. Ventilation pipes 31a, 31b, 31c for supplying fermentation air are provided corresponding to the respective zones, and the ventilation pipes 31a, 3b are provided.
Corresponding to 1b, 31c, exhaust pipes 32a, 32b, 32c for discharging fermentation gas in the upper space of the fermentation material in the fermenter
(Having an exhaust port not shown) is provided. The number of each ventilation pipe is limited to 1 or 2 so as not to hinder the mixing and movement of the materials in the fermenter, and the air outlet is downward to prevent the material from flowing into the ventilation pipe. Set up. The number of ventilation pipes is minimized here, because the material is always in a finely moving state and a good ventilation effect can be obtained.

Further, in the upper space of the fermented material in the fermenter 6, in the two zones 30b and 30c at the latter stage in the axial direction, a water sprinkling pipe is provided so that the water content of the material can be adjusted in each zone as needed. 33b and 33c are provided. The watering pipe is not arranged in the first zone because the water content of the treated material at the beginning of fermentation is high and it is not necessary to replenish water, and in the subsequent zones, the water content increases as the fermentation progresses. It will decrease and it will be necessary to replenish water as needed. In each fermentation stage, it is important that the water content of the material is usually maintained at about 40% or more.
In c), the water content is adjusted to an appropriate water content by appropriately spraying water with the water spray pipes 33b and 33c.

The ventilation pipes 31a, 31b, 31c
As shown in FIG. 5, the ventilation valves 34a, 3
4b, 34c and ventilation flow meters 35a, 35b, 35c
A ventilation blower 16 is connected to the exhaust pipes 32a, 32b, 32c by an oxygen concentration measuring instrument 37, respectively.
Connected to the exhaust valves 38a, 38b, 3
The deodorizing blower 17 and the deodorizing device 18 are connected via 8c. A water supply pump 41 is connected to the water sprinklers 33b and 33c via water meters 39b and 39c and water quantity adjusting valves 40b and 40c, respectively, and the water supply pump 41 is connected to a water tank 42.

Further, on the inner wall of the fermenter 6, temperature measuring controllers 43a, 43b, 43c capable of measuring the temperature of the processing material in the fermenter 6 and outputting a signal based on the result correspond to each zone. The output result of the temperature controller is sent to each ventilation valve 34a ... c as a control signal. Thereby, the aeration amount to the fermenter 6 can be automatically adjusted based on the temperature measurement result.

The section of each fermentation zone in this fermentation treatment is set in advance according to the ratio of the volume reduction due to the fermentation decomposition of the material of each zone to the treatment amount (input amount) and the fermentation treatment period, and the corresponding values are set accordingly. The positions of the trachea, exhaust pipe and sprinkler pipe are also selected. The ventilation control according to the present invention is divided into
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned three stages, and it is also possible to target only the first and second stages among the first, second and third fermentation stages. It is selected according to the fermentation characteristics of the material, the treatment scale, etc., and the length of each zone and the ventilation pipe system are also appropriately adjusted and applied.

The rotation speeds of the cylinder 1 and the stirring blade 11 are set according to the diameter of the cylinder, the amount of material processed, and the filling rate. Further, the rotation is based on continuous operation, but intermittent operation can be performed by checking the fermentation status. The stirring blade is conditioned by the characteristics of the material, the filling rate, the stage of the fermentation treatment, etc., but in this embodiment, its diameter is about 60% of the diameter of the cylindrical body,
The format is a combination of paddle and ski type. In this embodiment, the stirring blades are provided over the entire length of the fermentation tank, but as described above, the type and number of scraping plates and stirring blades corresponding to the fermentation zone, the interval, the stirring state by changing the presence or absence of the arrangement, etc. It is also possible to change.

Next, an example of a fermentation treatment method using the above apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. The raw material is temporarily stored in the raw material storage tank 44, then crushed by the crusher 45, and mixed with the return material returned from the discharge side by the mixing device 46 to adjust the water content. This fermented material is charged into the fermenter 6 from the charging chute 7, and first, the first zone 30 of the rotating cylinder 1.
supply to a. The materials are agitated and mixed by the agitation blades 11 while being aerated through the aeration pipe 31a, and subjected to the aerobic fermentation treatment in the first stage. It should be noted that the material is supplied in a fixed amount every fixed period and gradually moves toward the second zone 30b while sequentially moving in the fermenter 6. Further, the fermentation exhaust gas in the first zone 30a is sucked and collected by the deodorization blower 17 through the exhaust pipe 32a, and the microbial deodorization device 18
Is deodorized. Fermentation control in the above, the material temperature is measured by the temperature measuring regulator described above, the ventilation valve is automatically adjusted in accordance with the value, and the amount of ventilation from the ventilation pipe is adjusted and supplied while being maintained within a predetermined temperature range. It is done by doing. Further, the oxygen concentration in the fermentation exhaust gas is measured by the oxygen meter 37 provided in the exhaust pipe 32a, and the exhaust valve is automatically operated according to the set value (set for each exhaust pipe). At this time, the flow rate balance between the bottom ventilation pipe and the upper exhaust pipe is maintained such that a constant amount of ventilation and exhaust is always achieved by measuring the respective flow rates and coordinating the control valve after the exhaust pipe.

The fermentation material is gradually moved from the first zone 30a to the second zone 30b by the movement phenomenon according to the angle of repose of itself by the rotation of the cylinder 1 and the stirring / mixing operation of the stirring blade 11. Next, in the second zone 30b, ventilation / exhaust through the ventilation pipe 31b and the exhaust pipe 32b, the cylindrical body 1, and the stirring blade 1 are performed.
The aerobic fermentation treatment as the second step is basically performed by the same operation as in the first zone by stirring and mixing by 1.
At this time, fermentation control is performed in the same manner as above,
Water is appropriately sprayed from the sprinkling pipe 33b so that the fermented material can maintain a water content suitable for fermentation. Watering is in this second zone 30
b and the third zone 30c described later. In this embodiment, control of water sprinkling is performed by temporarily stopping the rotation of the cylinder 1, sampling the material as appropriate, and measuring and checking the water content.

The fermented material in the second zone 30b gradually moves to the third zone 30c as described above. In the third zone, as in the previous zone, the third stage aerobic fermentation treatment is performed. In this way, the material for which the required fermentation decomposition has been completed is discharged through the discharge chute and the discharge pulp 24 from the discharge outlet whose height is adjusted by the discharge adjusting plate 8 of the discharge side wall 5b. Further, unsuitable materials for composting (contaminants) such as plastics are further removed by the sieving device 47, and a part of the materials stored by the returning material storage device 48 is used as the returning material, and the rest is used as a compost product. to recover.

(Embodiment 3) As another embodiment, a fermenter in which a partition plate capable of adjusting passage of materials is provided at the boundary of each zone described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 10. To do. Note that, also in this embodiment, the same configurations as those in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The fermentor 6 corresponds to the boundaries of the three zones,
Two partition plates 50, 50 having a predetermined interval in the axial direction are arranged, and each partition plate is supported by tie rods 51 by side walls 5a, 5b. As a result,
It is clearly divided into three compartments (fermentation rooms) 6a, 6b, 6c. As shown in FIG. 8, each partition plate 50 is formed with a material passage opening 52 through which material can pass at a substantially intermediate height position. The passage of material is controlled by adjusting the movement of 53.

Explaining an example of a fermentation treatment method using this fermenter, the raw material is sent from the storage tank 54 to the dehydrator 55, where it is dehydrated and the water content is adjusted. In addition,
The water collected by the dewatering device 55 is stored in the sewage water storage tank 56 and used as a water supply source for sprinkling water. The water content of the fermented material is the same as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the fermentation chamber 6 of the first stage is used.
a is supplied to the fermentation chamber 6a, is sequentially sent to the fermentation chambers 6b and 6c, and is fermented in the same manner as in the above embodiment. In this fermenter, proper fermentation management according to each stage can be surely performed by individually performing aeration, sprinkling, and stirring operations in each fermentation chamber. The material is blocked by the partition plate 50, and fermentation control by aeration and suction / exhaust of the fermentation exhaust gas are almost independent, and the fermentation process can be performed without being affected by the materials and control operation of other fermentation chambers. On the other hand, the partition plate 50
In the second embodiment that does not have the above, the upper space in the fermenter is one space, and the material accommodating portion is also integrated.
For this reason, the fermentation exhaust gas produced by fermentation through the ventilation pipes in each zone is likely to diffuse and merge in this space, and the ventilation and materials are mutually dispersed near the boundary of each zone. Mix. Alternatively, a situation may occur in which the material partially short-passes from the input side to the discharge side of the fermenter. This hinders proper fermentation control. In these respects, it is clearly advantageous to provide the partition plate.

In the present invention including this embodiment, the air supplied from the ventilation pipe of each fermentation chamber is subjected to predetermined fermentation control without being dispersed in the adjacent fermentation chambers, and the air is partitioned in the upper space. Exhausted through the exhaust pipe. In addition, the fermentation control is performed without the materials being dispersed and mixed in the adjacent fermentation chamber. The material is moved from each fermentation chamber sequentially from the input side to the discharge side partition chamber in the form of overflow through the openings provided in the central portion and the central upper portion of the partition plate.
FIG. 10 shows the material 2 centered on the opening 52 of the partition plate 50.
0 shows the movement form of 0. The opening 52 is
Since the degree of opening and closing or opening is adjusted by the partition adjusting plate 53, the fermentation material can be optimally retained or moved in a predetermined fermentation chamber by moving the partition adjusting plate 53 according to the progress of fermentation. Further, the filling rate of each fermentation chamber is adjusted so as to become equal or lower in order, which is achieved by changing the mounting positions of the partition adjusting plate 53 of each partition plate and the discharge adjusting plate 8 of the discharge side wall. To do.
The fermented material subjected to the fermentation treatment is sent to the sieving device 57 to remove impurities and then shipped as product compost.

(Embodiment 4) In this embodiment, the cylinders are divided into sections corresponding to the divided fermenters, and the respective divided cylinders 1a, 1b, 1c are rotated by respective cylinder rotation drive devices. Four
It is configured so that it can rotate independently by a, 4b, and 4c. Although not shown, the stirring blade is provided by the shaft 9 over the entire length of the fermentation tank. This embodiment can be applied to any of the above-described Embodiments 2 and 3. According to this fermenter, the cylinder can be rotated in a state most suitable for each fermentation zone, and a more optimal fermentation state can be obtained. However, the above-described three embodiments are excellent in that the fermentation process is inexpensively and efficiently performed using one fermenter.

[0039]

【Example】

(Example 1) Sawdust was added to livestock manure (cow dung) as a water content adjusting agent, and the fermentation process was performed by the fermentation apparatus described in the first embodiment. Specifically, sawdust was added to the raw material cow dung (water content of about 80%) to adjust the water content to about 65%, and then fed to the fermenter 6. The filling rate of the material in the fermenter 6 was about 50%. Here, the cylinder 1 and the stirring blade 1
The rotation speed of 1 is set and operated in the range of 0.1 to 2 rpm, and the fermentation control is performed by adjusting the ventilation valve 15 by the temperature measuring meter 19 to supply an aeration amount of 0.05 to 0.5 m.
^It was adjusted within the range of ³ / min · ton. The fermented material is heated to about 50 ° C 2 days after the addition, and then maintained at 50 to 70 ° C, about 30% of the organic matter in cow dung is decomposed, the water content is reduced to about 50%, and hygiene is maintained. It was treated as a good primary fermented product, and was gradually discharged to the discharge port side and discharged in about 7 days. Then, the product was subjected to secondary fermentation treatment in the curing tank 25 for about 1 to 2 months. It was revealed that the obtained product is well fermented, that is, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, the fermenter can be fermented well even if the fermenter contains the fermented material at a high filling rate. .

(Example 2) In this example, kitchen garbage was fermented by the fermentation treatment apparatus having the fermentor shown in the second embodiment. Specifically, after crushing, about 35% of a return material having a water content of about 40% was added to raw raw garbage having a water content of about 80%, and the water content was adjusted to about 70% and the mixture was put into a fermenter. In this case, the material was filled up to about 60% of the diameter by adjusting the position of the discharge port with the discharge adjusting plate 8. In the fermenter, as a first step, components such as sugars and fats were fermented and decomposed and the temperature was raised to 40 to 60 ° C. The amount of ventilation is 0.05 to 0.5 m ³ / m while maintaining the balance between ventilation and exhaust.
Adjust in the range of in-ton and increase the air flow rate stepwise when the temperature exceeds 60 ° C and when the oxygen concentration decreases to 8% or less, and increase the air flow rate when the temperature is 40 ° C or less. Reduced. At this stage the pH is below 6.

Next, in the second stage, the components of fats and proteins were mainly decomposed by fermentation, and the treatment was carried out for about 5 days continuously following the first stage operation. The ventilation rate is adjusted in the range of 0.05 to 1 m ³ / min as in the first zone, and when the temperature exceeds 65 ° C and the oxygen concentration is 8%.
When the temperature decreased below, the air flow rate was increased stepwise, and when the temperature decreased below 50 ° C, the temperature was maintained at 50 to 65 ° C by the operation of decreasing the air flow rate stepwise. Furthermore, the fermentation decomposition progresses and the water content decreases due to the volatilization of water, but when the water content is checked by sampling the material from the sampling port provided in the fermenter and the water content falls below about 45%,
A certain amount was watered to maintain the water content of the material at 45-60%. At this stage, due to the decomposition of proteins, pH
Rises to 8-9.

Next, in the third step, the decomposition of the relatively difficult-to-decompose components such as remaining proteins and cellulose progresses. The material is retained and fermented for about 7 days in succession to the operation of the second stage to become a mature and stable compost material. Fermentation control was carried out in the same way as the second step with an air flow rate of 0.0
The fermentation temperature was maintained at 50 to 70 ° C. and oxygen concentration of 10% or more by gradually increasing or decreasing in the range of 5 to 0.5 m ³ / min. In addition, the water content of the material is adjusted to 45-
It was kept at 60%.

FIG. 12 shows typical fermentation forms (temperature, pH, water content, organic decomposition rate) in this fermentation treatment. The temperature of the fermented material after the addition rapidly increased, and the moisture content was secured, and the temperature, pH, and the rate of organic decomposition were also good over time. There is. 50 to 70 in about 14 days treatment
By maintaining the temperature at 10 ° C. for 10 days or more, a material having a decomposition rate of organic matter of about 75% and a water content of about 40% was obtained, and good fermentation and efficient fermentation were performed even at a high filling rate.

(Example 3) In this example, vegetable-based raw garbage was fermented by the fermentation treatment apparatus having the fermentor shown in the third embodiment. The raw material was dehydrated and adjusted to a water content of about 70% and then supplied to the first-stage fermentation chamber 6a. Then, this material was subjected to the first stage fermentation treatment by maintaining the temperature rise at 40 to 60 ° C. In the fermentation chamber 6a, the height of the opening 52 provided in the partition plate 50 was changed to adjust and set the filling rate to about 60%, and the fermentation material was treated for two days. In the fermentation chamber 6a, when the temperature exceeds 60 ° C. and the oxygen concentration decreases to 8% or less, the aeration rate is increased stepwise in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 m ³ / min to increase the temperature. When the temperature dropped to 40 ° C. or lower, the air flow rate was reduced.

In the fermentation chamber 6b, the fermentation treatment was carried out by staying for 7 days in the same manner as in the first-stage fermentation chamber. Fermentation control
Aeration rate is 0.05 to 1m in the same way as the first stage fermentation chamber
Adjust in the range of ³ / min, control the temperature and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas to 50-65 ° C and 8% or more, respectively,
The water content was adjusted and maintained at 45 to 60% by proper watering.

Next, in the third-stage fermentation chamber, fermentation was carried out by allowing the mixture to stay for about 10 days while adjusting the aeration rate to a range of 0.05 to 0.5 m ³ / min. The temperature of the material and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation exhaust gas are controlled and controlled to 50 to 70 ° C. and 8% or more by the same fermentation control as above, and the water content is 45 to 6 by pumping sewage and sprinkling water.
It was controlled and adjusted to 0%.

FIG. 13 shows the overall fermentation form (temperature, pH, water content, organic decomposition rate) in this fermentation process. The temperature of the fermented material after the addition rapidly increased, and the moisture content was secured, and the temperature, pH, and the rate of organic decomposition were also good over time. There is. By maintaining the temperature at 50 to 70 ° C. for 10 days or more after the treatment for about 19 days, a material having a decomposition rate of about 80% and a water content of about 40% was obtained.

[0048]

As described above, the fermentation treatment of the present invention
According to the apparatus, a predetermined diameter from the inside in addition to the rotation of the cylindrical body
Since it is agitated by the agitation blade of No. 1, the agitation efficiency is improved and the fermentation efficiency is improved. As a result, (1) the filling rate of the material can be increased, large-capacity processing can be performed, and the size can be reduced to 1/2 or less of the conventional size. Further, in addition to the above, by applying a method of dividing a fermenter into a plurality of zones and appropriately controlling and managing aerobic microorganisms in stages, it is possible to provide an effective fermentation treatment device as follows. Becomes (2) High-speed, homogeneous, stable and high-quality fermentation processing is possible by improving the contact efficiency between the material and air and dividing into three stages and performing appropriate control and management of aerobic microorganisms in each of them. . (3) The water content in the fermentation process can be controlled homogeneously and stably by increasing the efficiency of agitation and mixing, which enables high-speed and high-quality fermentation treatment. (4) Although it has a ripple effect, the fermentation gas (containing high-concentration ammonia and aerobic useful microorganisms from the subsequent fermentation chamber,
By easily collecting (high temperature of 50 to 70 ° C.) and aerating it to the fermentation chamber of the previous stage (input side material), it can be used for pH adjustment of raw material system, addition of useful fermentative bacteria, heating of material, etc. It accelerates the start-up of fermentation and is effective for high-speed fermentation processing of raw materials with a lowered initial pH.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a surface ventilation system of a fermenter according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fermentation treatment apparatus having the same fermenter.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a stirring behavior of materials in the fermentation tank.

FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a fermenter according to another embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a fermentation treatment apparatus having the same fermenter.

FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of a fermenter according to another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged front view of the fermentation tank.

8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a fermentation treatment apparatus having the same fermentation tank.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the movement of materials in the fermentor.

FIG. 11 is a schematic front view of a fermenter according to another embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing a fermentation pattern in each fermentation zone in Example 2.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing a fermentation pattern in each fermentation zone in Example 3.

FIG. 14 is a schematic side view showing a stirring behavior of materials in a fermenter in a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 cylinder 2 scraping boards 4 Cylindrical body rotation drive device 6 fermenters 6a fermenter 6b fermenter 6c fermenter 8 Discharge adjustment plate 9 axis 10 stirring blades 12 Ventilation pipe 13 Exhaust pipe 15 Ventilation valve 19 Thermometer 20 Fermentation material 30a fermentation zone 30b fermentation zone 30c fermentation zone 31a ventilation pipe 31b ventilation pipe 31c ventilation pipe 32a exhaust pipe 32b exhaust pipe 32c exhaust pipe 33b water sprinkler 33c water sprinkler 34a ventilation valve 34b ventilation valve 34c ventilation valve 37 Oxygen concentration meter 38a Exhaust valve 38b exhaust valve 38c exhaust valve 41 Water pump 43a Temperature measuring controller 43b Temperature measuring controller 43c Temperature measurement controller 50 partition boards 52 Material passage opening 53 Partition adjustment plate

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Tatsuo Nagai, 1-6-1, Funakoshi-minami, Aki-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan Steel Works, Ltd. (72) Kouji Hattori, 1-chome, Funakoshi-minami, Aki-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima 6-1 Japan Steel Works, Ltd. (72) Inventor Akio Ohno 1-1-6 Funakoshi Minami, Aki-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture Japan Steel Works, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-61-164700 (JP, A) ) JP-A-7-33571 (JP, A) JP-A-7-251149 (JP, A) JP-A-1-226786 (JP, A) JP-A-7-241543 (JP, A) JP-A-7- 133176 (JP, A) JP-A-5-163090 (JP, A) JP-A-5-117067 (JP, A) Actual development Sho 61-180139 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 3/00 ZAB C02F 11/02 ZAB C05F 9/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rotating cylindrical body having a scraper on the inner surface and the fermentation tank, the cylinder body, the fermentation treatment apparatus agitating blade rotating is arranged by rotation axis along the axial direction of the cylindrical body, wherein The rotating diameter of the stirring blade is 40 times the inner diameter of the cylinder.
The width of the scraping plate in the radial direction is about 80%.
It is 3 to 20% of the inner diameter, and the space inside the cylinder is duplicated in the axial direction.
The fermentation cycle is divided into several fermentation zones
It controls the boundary and corresponds to each fermentation zone.
And the air supply means is arranged on the bottom side of the space,
An organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus, characterized in that an exhaust means is disposed on the side of the section . 2. The amount of ventilation in each fermentation zone is determined by the ventilation and exhaust.
Claims characterized by adjusting while maintaining balance
Item 1. A fermentation treatment apparatus for organic matter according to item 1 . On the upper side of 3. A tubular body inside space, fermentation treatment apparatus of organic pledge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that sprinkling means corresponding to each fermentation zone is located. 4. A fermentation treatment apparatus for organic pledge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the partitioning portion for controlling the passage of fermented material at the boundary portion of the fermentation zone is provided.