JP2000354897A - Aerobic fermentation method and apparatus of organic solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an aerobic fermentation method of org. solid waste for supplying oxygen-containing gas to the packed bed divided into a plurality of stages in a fermentation tank to mix the same with the packed bed to perform high speed fermentation. SOLUTION: A plurarity of freely openable and closable partitions 2 (2-1-2-3) are arranged up and down in a fermentation tank 1 and org. solid waste or aerobic fermentation matter is charged so as to form a gaseous phase space part under the uppermost partition to form packed beds 5 (5-1-5-3) in a multistage fashion and aerobically fermented in the packed beds 5. In this aerobic fermentation method, air is supplied from the upper surfaces of the respective partitions 2 to be discharged from the upper surfaces of the packed beds 5 and, on the way of fermentation or after the completion of fermentation, the packed beds 5 are allowed to fall and transferred to the lower stages by opening the partitions 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for composting organic solid waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Prior Art Continuous solid filling is performed by filling each raw material into a cylindrical fermenter having no structure or the like, using biosolids such as municipal solid waste, livestock waste, sewage sludge as raw materials. A composting method in which a floor is formed and air is supplied only from the bottom of the tank and exhausted from the upper surface of the floor is described in JP-A-54-10169 and JP-A-55-121990.

Further, shelves fixed in a fermenter are arranged vertically at a plurality of intervals, and the shelves have holes for dropping a packed bed in a part of a horizontal shelf, and each stage has a rotating shaft. In the process of sequentially moving the packed bed to be supplied to the uppermost shelf to the lower shelf having a revolving stirring means, air is supplied into the floor from an air supply port arranged on the upper surface of the shelf for fermentation. The method is JP-A-54
No. 54877.

[0004] Further, a plurality of partitions having a function of rotating horizontally about a horizontal axis and partitioning horizontally and a function of flowing down a packed bed are arranged in a plurality of stages at intervals above and below the fermenter so that the raw material is supplied to each stage. Filling leaving a space on the partition, fermenting by alternately arranging each space part for exhaust and air supply from the bottom to the top, fermenting, and rotating the partition after the fermentation process or fermentation is completed The method of lowering or discharging the floor is disclosed in
No. 0-155589 and JP-A-55-90997.

[0005]

In a pool-type flat-bed agitated fermenter which is widely used, fermentation is performed by mechanically agitating a packed bed filled with a large depth and shallowness while the upper surface of the bed is open to the atmosphere. For this reason, a large area may be required, and at the same time, it may be difficult to collect odor. Therefore, a fermentation tank which requires a small area, easily collects exhaust gas, and has no complicated structure such as a forced stirring means in the tank is desired.

[0006] In order to reduce the area and facilitate the collection of odor, a method of increasing the tank height is considered. As mentioned above,
Filling the raw material into a vertical silo-type fermenter with no structure inside the tank simply reduces the fermentation activity because the bed is compacted and the air supply is hindered due to the increase in the tank height as well as the tank diameter. There is fear.

In order to solve such a problem, as described above, a fixed shelf provided with a forced stirring means in the tank and provided with a hole in a part of the horizontal shelf surface for dropping the packed bed in a lower stage is provided. There is a method in which fermentation is performed by supplying air from an air supply nozzle disposed on the upper surface of a shelf in the process of sequentially transferring raw material beds to be supplied to the uppermost shelf to lower shelves at intervals of a plurality of stages. However, since the filling amount is reduced by the gap between the fixed shelf tip and the inner wall surface of the tank, it is difficult to sufficiently achieve the effect of saving area, and there is a possibility that forced stirring means is required for each shelf and the structure becomes complicated. is there.

In the fermenter, a plurality of partitions having a function of rotating horizontally about a horizontal axis to partition horizontally and a function of flowing down the floor are arranged at intervals above and below, and the raw material is placed in each stage. Filling leaving a space on the partition, alternately arranging each space for exhaust and air supply from the bottom space to the upper stage, rotate the partition after the fermentation process or fermentation end In the method of lowering or discharging the bed, the flow of air supplied to the gas phase space is distributed in two directions.

That is, one penetrates downward from the surface of the packed bed immediately below the gas phase space for air supply, passes through the gap of the partition below, and further exits to the gas phase space for exhaust below. The other rises in the floor just above the supply gas space and exits above the exhaust gas space. The flow rates of both airflows vary depending on the ventilation resistance of both floors. In particular, the packed bed in contact with the lower surface of the gas supply space is easily compressed by the pressure of the gas supply.

For this reason, it is difficult to make the amount of air supplied per unit volume of the packed bed the same, and there is a possibility that a difference in activity may occur depending on the stage. In addition, the latter airflow can also block the gaps in the partitions due to the compression of the packed bed.

An object of the present invention is to supply oxygen to each packed bed divided and filled in a plurality of stages into a fermenter without excess or deficiency, and to move and mix the packed bed with a simple mechanism to achieve high speed. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste to obtain good quality compost by fermentation and an apparatus therefor.

[0012]

The gist of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows.

[1] A plurality of openable and closable partitions are arranged in the fermentation tank above and below the tank, and an organic solid waste or an aerobic fermented product thereof is formed with a gas phase space below the partition located directly above. In the aerobic fermentation method of organic solid waste to form a multi-stage packed bed by filling so as to aerobically ferment the packed bed,
Air is supplied from the upper surface of each of the partitions, exhausted from the upper surface of each of the packed beds, and during the fermentation or after fermentation, the packed bed is opened and separated and transferred to the lower stage by lowering the packed bed, Aerobic fermentation method.

[2] The above-mentioned organic solid which supplies and exhausts air to each packed bed while maintaining a gradient in which the pressure of the gas phase space above each packed bed in the fermenter decreases from the bottom to the top. Aerobic fermentation of waste.

[3] The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation method for organic solid waste, wherein air supply and exhaust are adjusted so that the gas phase space in the uppermost packed bed is at atmospheric pressure.

[4] The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation method for organic solid waste, wherein the pressure in the gas phase space of each packed bed is adjusted by adjusting the amount of air supplied to each packed bed and the amount of exhaust air.

[5] A plurality of openable and closable partitions for controlling the passage of the organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation material in the fermenter are arranged in the fermenter in a plurality of stages. Aerobic fermentation for aerobically fermenting organic solid waste by filling the packing material to form a multi-stage packed bed in the fermentation tank so that a gas phase space can be formed between the material and the partition located thereon In the fermentation apparatus, the openable and closable partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves, a part of which is fixed to a rotating shaft, and provided with an oxygen supply means on an upper surface of the rotating shelf. Aerobic fermentation equipment for waste.

[6] Exhaust for adjusting the amount of exhaust in each stage for forming a pressure distribution in which the lower part of the gas phase space formed by the partition and the packed bed is higher than the upper part of the fermenter. The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation apparatus for organic solid waste, which comprises means and / or air supply means for adjusting the amount of air supply.

[7] The above-mentioned aerobic fermentation apparatus for organic solid waste, which is provided with a pressure measuring means for measuring a pressure in a gas phase space formed in each stage of the fermenter separated by each partition.

[8] A fermentation tank divided into two or more fractions by a partition provided in the tank, and an organic solid waste or an aerobic fermentation product thereof is filled on the partition to form a packed bed. In the vertical composting apparatus for aerobically fermenting organic solid waste, the partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves partially fixed to a rotating shaft, and oxygen is supplied to the upper surface of the rotating shelves. Disposing means, providing an exhaust pipe equipped with an exhaust gas amount adjusting means at each stage of the fermentation tank fractionated by the partition, supply means of organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation product at the top of the fermentation tank, A discharging means for discharging the aerobic fermented material to the outside of the fermenter at the bottom of the fermenter, a transferring means for transferring the aerobic fermented material discharged to the outside of the fermenter to the upper part of the fermenter, and a water supply for supplying the aerobic fermented material Means, and the gas in each gas phase space formed by the packed bed and the partition. Aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste characterized by comprising an air pressure measuring means and an air pressure adjusting means for forming a pressure distribution in the fermenter in which the pressure decreases from the lower side to the upper side of the fermenter in the fermenter. Vertical multi-stage composting equipment.

[0021]

[9] A vertical multi-stage composting device for aerobically fermenting the organic solid waste, wherein a supply / exhaust means for supplying / exhausting to / from the packed bed on the partition is arranged.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The aerobic fermentation method of organic solid waste of the present invention comprises a plurality of partitions for controlling the passage of organic solid waste in a fermentation tank above and below the tank. A gas phase space is formed with the packing material, and the organic solid waste is aerobically fermented using a vertical multi-stage fermentation tank having the packed beds in multiple stages. The air is supplied from the upper surface of the partition, and if necessary, the partition is opened during the fermentation or after the fermentation is completed, and the organic solid waste or the packing composed of the aerobic fermented product can be transferred to the lower stage.

A plurality of ventilation nozzles are disposed on the bottom of the packed bed of each stage, that is, on the upper surface of the partition, to uniformly supply the oxygen-containing gas into the packed bed. The supplied oxygen-containing gas is controlled so as not to cause an excess or deficiency of oxygen in accordance with the filling amount.

As described above, it is possible to uniformly supply oxygen into the packed bed. However, a part of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen supply means provided on the upper surface of the partition is partially removed from the gap of the horizontal partition. It leaks to the stage and is discharged without being used for fermentation.

In order to prevent this, in the present invention, as shown by the following equation (1), the pressure Pd in the lower gas phase space is set to be larger than the pressure Pu in the upper gas phase space by the differential pressure α. Thereby, gas leakage from the gap of the partition to the lower stage can be prevented, and the utilization rate of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the fermenter can be improved.

[0026]

## EQU1 ## Pd ≧ Pu + α (1) In the above-described air pressure adjusting method, when the stage is the lowest stage, the space below the partition is sealed. If another packed bed exists under the stage, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas to the packed bed of the lower stage and the exhaust amount from the gas phase space below the partition of the stage are the same. Adjust so that

In the case of a vertical multi-stage fermenter in which a multi-stage packed bed is formed in the fermenter, air is supplied from the upper surface of the partition and exhausted from the gas phase space for each stage, and the air at the bottom of the tank is supplied. The pressure in the gas phase space in each stage is set to have a distribution that is gradually inclined so that the pressure in the phase space becomes higher than the pressure in the gas phase space on the tank top side.

The uppermost gas phase space may be substantially at atmospheric pressure. At this time, the pressure in the gas phase space in the immediately lower stage is adjusted so that the pressure in the gas phase space in the uppermost stage is set to the atmospheric pressure, and the supply amount and the exhaust amount in the uppermost stage match.

In order to form a pressure distribution inside the fermenter so that the pressure in the gas phase space formed in each stage is higher at the bottom side than at the top side of the fermenter, Is provided with an exhaust pipe provided with adjusting means for adjusting the exhaust gas flow rate.

In order to efficiently perform aerobic fermentation in composting, it is preferable to mix the packed beds appropriately. Insufficient mixing reduces the rate of fermentation due to lack of reaction substrates in the active part of the fermentation and accumulation of fermentation intermediates.

In the composting apparatus of the present invention, the organic solid waste or the fermented product thereof is supplied to the uppermost stage, filled on the partition, and dropped into the lower stage to mix and crush the fermented product. The fermented material that has fallen to the bottom of the fermenter is discharged out of the tank if the composting has reached the target degree of decomposition, and if it is in the process of being transferred, it is again transferred to the top and fermented. Let it continue.

The raw materials targeted by the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they contain components that can be composted, but are generally garbage, livestock waste, food processing waste, agricultural waste, It is applied to all organic solid waste such as forest waste, marine waste, and microbial sludge.

In addition to the above-mentioned raw materials, in addition to sawdust, rice hulls, bark, etc., non-fermented materials such as plastics and ceramics are used as moisture absorbing materials or void holding materials in addition to fermentation seed bacteria, as long as they are collected and reused after fermentation. A product, a product compost, and a fermentation bacterium concentrate may be added.

The particle size and water content are appropriately selected from the size of the fermenter, the fermentation characteristics of the raw materials, and the physical characteristics of the raw materials. As needed,
The particle size, moisture, pH, etc. may be adjusted.

The method of partitioning and the structure thereof are not particularly limited, and a method of rotating around a horizontal axis and having a valve function is appropriately selected. That is, a composite surface formed by a flat surface, a curved surface, a plurality of bent surfaces, or the like is used as the shape of the partition surface.
In addition, conditions such as the one-wing, two-wing, lateral arrangement method and number of partitions, the size of unit partitions, the vertical arrangement and number of partitions, etc., as the shape of the partition, are the characteristics of the raw material, the size and shape of the fermenter. , The residence time in the tank and the fermentation conditions.

The arrangement and structure of the air supply holes provided on the upper surface of the partition,
The air supply path in the tank is not particularly limited, and the arrangement density, the hole diameter, and the means for partially blocking the holes for preventing blockage are appropriately selected depending on the size and shape of the filler and the partition. For example, a large number of single-hole nozzles may be dispersed on the upper surface of the partition plate, or a mesh plate or a porous material may be disposed. The size of the partition plate, that is, the horizontal width is the particle size of the filler so that the filler drops when opened.
Select considering physical properties such as viscosity.

The drive mechanism for opening and closing the partition plate is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected from drive means such as hydraulic drive and gear drive.

The organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation product is
Degraded by aerobic fermentation by aerobic microorganisms. Oxygen deficiency not only slows down the fermentation rate, but also shifts from aerobic fermentation to anaerobic fermentation, resulting in the accumulation of organic acids, which may lead to the generation of offensive odors and the deterioration of the quality of compost products due to acidification.

In order to efficiently conduct aerobic fermentation, oxygen is supplied to the raw material, the organic solid waste or the aerobic fermentation product thereof in an adequate amount and oxygen is supplied uniformly to the entire packed bed. Means are particularly important. The amount of oxygen required by each packed bed depends on the type of organic solid waste as the raw material, the amount of packing, the ease with which organic matter is decomposed, and the like, and changes with the progress of fermentation decomposition.

On the other hand, unnecessary supply of the oxygen-containing gas is as follows:
In addition to cooling the packed bed to reduce the fermentation rate, it wastes energy for pressurizing the oxygen-containing gas for injection into the packed bed. It is desirable that the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas for efficient aerobic fermentation be 5% or more, preferably 10% or more. For this reason, an oxygen concentration measuring means is provided in the exhaust pipe of each packed bed, and the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas is adjusted so that the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas becomes as described above.

The following method is used to put the raw materials into an empty fermenter. The lowermost partition is closed, and all the partitions on the lowermost stage are opened. Raw materials are charged from the tank, and when a predetermined amount is accumulated in the lowermost stage, the uppermost partition is closed. In the same manner, the upper stage is sequentially filled. Alternatively, all partitions are closed, the uppermost partition is opened when a predetermined amount of raw materials are accumulated on the uppermost stage, and the raw materials are sequentially dropped and transferred to lower stages. Next, the uppermost partition is closed again, and a predetermined amount of raw material is again accumulated. This is repeated for each stage, and the raw material is filled up to the uppermost stage.

It is not necessary to fill all the stages with the organic solid waste as the raw material or these aerobic fermented products, and some stages may be used according to the load and the fermentation rate. The packed bed is fermented by supplying oxygen necessary for fermentation of the packed bed from the upper surface of the partition.

During the fermentation, the packed bed is discharged out of the tank, supplied again from the upper part of the fermenter, and circulated, whereby the packed bed is crushed and mixed to prevent binding between the fermented product particles. At that time, the lowermost partition is opened and emptied, the partition is closed, the upper partition is opened, and the upper packed bed is received. In the same manner, the packed beds are successively transferred downward step by step to empty the uppermost stage and return to the uppermost stage.

In the above case, when the space returned to the uppermost stage is insufficient, the operation may be performed with the uppermost stage empty during fermentation.

The method and structure for discharging the packed bed are not particularly limited, and are suitable for the physical properties of the packed bed and the set transfer operation time, such as a rotary screw, an endless track scraping type, a rotary feeder, a plunger type and a turntable type. Those are appropriately selected and used. As the transfer means, an endless type, for example, a fixed amount transfer means such as a belt feeder, a pan feeder, an apron feeder, a chain feeder, a bucket conveyor, and a rotary screw type can be appropriately selected.

Next, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples.

[Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a composting apparatus for biological organic solid waste of the present invention. Partition 2-1 to 2 for dividing the fermenter 1 into three stages
A conveyor 10 for supplying organic solid waste (or an aerobic fermented product thereof) to the uppermost stage of the fermenter, and a screw for discharging the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 out of the fermenter 1 Discharger 11, air supply blower 12, control device 26
It has.

The organic solid waste 3 includes garbage discharged from homes, food residues discharged from a food manufacturing process, various animal excrements such as cow dung, sludge discharged from a wastewater treatment facility by a biological treatment method, and the like. Or with these primary fermentation products,
Any organic substance that does not contain harmful substances such as pesticides and heavy metals and can be decomposed by living organisms can be used as a raw material.

Depending on the properties of the organic solid waste 3, treatments such as removal of foreign matters such as metal pieces and rubble, crushing of bulky substances, and mixing of seed compost containing aerobic fermentation microorganisms may be performed. The raw material organic solid exhaust 3 is fed into the fermenter 1 in the following procedure.
Fill. Lowermost rotating shelf boards 13-1a to 13-1c
Is horizontal, and the partition 2-1 is closed.
2, 2-3 rotating shelves 13-2a to 13-2c, 13-
Open 3a to 13-3c.

The organic solid waste 3 is fed through the raw material inlet 14 and the conveyor 10. When a predetermined amount of the lowermost packed bed 5-1 has been accumulated, the rotating shelves 13-2a to 13-c above it.
Level 2c and close partition 2-2. Thereafter, packing is performed sequentially up to the upper stage in the same manner to form packed beds 5-2 and 5-3.

The packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 are connected to the upper partition 2
-2, 2-3 are filled so as to form gas-phase spaces 4-1 to 4-3. The filling height of the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 is equal to or less than the height corresponding to the floor pressure that can be supplied from the physical properties of the raw material, the tank diameter, and the like. Set in consideration of the required thickness of the space. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.5 to 2 m.

The gaseous phase space is formed at an angle enough for at least the packed bed 5 to rotate and fall from the inclined partition to the lower stage.
That is, a thickness that can take a repose angle is required.

After completion of the filling, the oxygen-containing gas 9 is supplied to the blower 12
, Oxygen-containing gas supply pipes 18-1 to 18-3, valve 1
6-1 to 16-3, and each of the rotating shelves 13-1a to 13-1c, 13-2a to 13-2 through the flow meter side means 20-1 to 20-3.
Fermentation is started by feeding on 13-2c, 13-3a to 13-3c. During the fermentation period, the packed bed 5-5
1-5-3 is a fermenter 1
, And is supplied to the uppermost stage of the fermenter by the conveyor 10 and circulated to continue the fermentation.

Packed beds 5-1 to 5- having reached the target decomposition degree
3 opens and closes the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 as necessary, passes through the screw discharger 11 and the conveyor 10 and discharges the filling floor 2
From 7 discharge the product as compost outside the system.

The organic solid waste or the aerobic fermentation product thereof in the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 is decomposed by aerobic fermentation by an aerobic microorganism.

In order to efficiently conduct aerobic fermentation, it is important to supply oxygen to the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 without excess or deficiency. Oxygen deficiency not only slows down the fermentation rate, but also shifts from aerobic fermentation to anaerobic fermentation, causing the accumulation of organic acids, which may lead to the generation of offensive odors and the deterioration of the quality of compost products due to acidification. For this reason, packed bed 5-
Oxygen supplying means for uniformly supplying oxygen to the whole of 1 to 5-3 is particularly important.

In this embodiment, partitions 2-1 to 2-3 provided with a plurality of ventilation nozzles on the upper surface are used. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the partition 2-1.
The partition 2-1 has three sets of rotating shelves 13-1a to 13-1.
c. Similarly, the partitions 2-2 and 2-3 are respectively constituted by three sets of rotating shelf boards 13-2a to 13-2c and 13-3a to 13-3c.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an outline of the rotary shelf 13-1a. The rotating shelf 13-1a is fixed to the rotating shaft 7 so as to be rotatable. On the upper surface of the rotating shelf 13-1a, a shelf board ventilation pipe 8B having a ventilation nozzle 6 on a side face is provided. The oxygen-containing gas 9 is passed through the shelf plate ventilation pipes 8A and 8B and blown out from the ventilation nozzle 6 into the packed bed 5-1 to supply oxygen required for fermentation.

The shelf board ventilation pipe 8B is provided with a rotating shelf board 13-1a.
13-1c is opened and arranged so as to flow in parallel with the flow of dropping the packed bed 5-1 to the lower stage, and the ventilation nozzle 6 has a shelf board ventilation pipe 8B having a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG. On the side. Thereby, the packed bed 5-1 and the packed bed 5
It is possible to prevent the ventilation nozzle 6 from being clogged by the liquid oozing out of -1.

FIGS. 6 to 9 show another example of the cross section of the shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B and the position of the ventilation nozzle 6. FIG. The shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 6 also uses a rectangular tube, one corner of which is welded to the rotating shelf 13-1a. The ventilation nozzle 6 has an aerobic fermentation product that falls from above. Because it is installed in the blind spot, it is more difficult to clog.

The shelf board ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 7 is covered by an inverted V-shaped inclined plate 24 formed by connecting two planes, and is unlikely to be clogged. The oxygen-containing gas 9 supplied from the ventilation nozzle 6 is supplied from the cutout portion of the inclined plate 24 to the packed bed 5.
Supplied within.

The shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 8 uses a circular pipe 25, and is easily processed. Further, the shelf plate ventilation pipe 8B shown in FIG. 9 uses a circular tube 25 as in FIG. 8, but is characterized in that a part thereof is cut to enlarge the welding area with the rotating shelf 13-1a. There is. By increasing the welding area, the rigidity of the rotary shelf 13-1a can be reinforced.

In order to uniformly supply the oxygen-containing gas into the packed bed 5-1, the ventilation nozzle 6 is connected to the rotating shelf 13-1a to 13-1a.
It is desirable to disperse and arrange on the upper surface of 13-1c. The installation density of the ventilation nozzle 6 depends on the physical properties of the packed bed, the fermentation activity,
It is appropriately selected in consideration of the height of the packed bed.

The oxygen-containing gas 9 supplied from the ventilation nozzle 6 into the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 is supplied to the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3.
The gas rises in the inside and is discharged to the gas-phase spaces 4-1 to 4-3, and discharged to the outside of the fermenter 1 from the exhaust pipes 15-1 to 15-3.

As the oxygen-containing gas 9 to be supplied into the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3, air is usually used, but if it is desired to reduce the ventilation rate, an oxygen-enriched gas may be used. The amount of oxygen required by each packed bed 5-1 to 5-3 depends on the components of the organic solid waste as the raw material, the packed amount, the bed temperature, the bacterial concentration, the particle size, the void density, the moisture concentration, etc. Although varying over time, the rate of aerobic fermentation decreases when the oxygen concentration is low.

The supply of the oxygen-containing gas 9 more than necessary lowers the fermentation rate by cooling the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3, and also reduces the oxygen-containing gas 9 to be injected into the packed beds.
Of pressurizing energy is wasted. Therefore, in order to efficiently perform aerobic fermentation, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas should be 5% or more, preferably 10% or more. For this reason, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas 9 to each of the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 depends on the exhaust line 15-1 to 15 to the preset exhaust oxygen concentration.
The oxygen concentration gas supply pipes 18-1 to 18-18 are controlled by the control device 26 so that the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas obtained by the oxygen concentration measuring means 17-1 to 17-3 provided in -3 becomes a set value.
Controlling the valves 16-1 to 16-3 provided in the -3 to control the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas.

In this embodiment, the pressure in the gas phase space of each stage is
A pressure distribution is formed inside the fermenter so that the top side is lower than the bottom side of the fermenter, and the oxygen-containing gas supplied to each stage does not flow out to the lower stage. The gas passes through 5-1 to 5-3 and is discharged to the gas phase space so that sufficient oxygen is supplied.

As means for forming a pressure distribution inside the fermenter, oxygen-containing gas supply pipes 18-1 to 18-3 at each stage are used.
On the way, the flow measuring means 20-1 to 20-3, and the valves 19-1 to 19-3 on the way of the exhaust pipes 15-1 to 15-3 of the stage.
-3 and flow rate measuring means 21-1 to 21-3.

Control device 2 for forming pressure distribution inside tank
6 is an oxygen-containing gas supply pipeline 18-1 to 18-
The flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas measured by the flow rate measuring means 20-1 to 20-3 provided in the middle of Step 3 corresponds to the exhaust pipe 15-.
By controlling the valves 19-1 to 19-3 provided in the middle of 1 to 15-3, the ratio to the exhaust amount measured by the flow rate measuring means 21-1 to 21-3 is 90 to 100%, preferably 95. ~
Adjust to 99%. Thereby, a pressure distribution is formed inside the fermenter so that the pressure in the gas phase space of each stage is lower on the top side than on the bottom side.

The gas pressure in the uppermost gas phase space 4-3 is set to the atmospheric pressure, and the ratio of the amount of exhaust gas to the amount of air supplied to the uppermost stage is 1%.
The pressure of the gas phase space 4-2 in the lower stage than the uppermost stage is adjusted so as to be 00 to 110%. As a result, only the flow rate measuring means 21-3 needs to be installed in the uppermost exhaust pipe line 15-3, and the valve 19-3 for adjusting the exhaust amount is not required.

In the lowermost stage, the bottom of the fermenter is sealed to prevent it from flowing out of the fermenter.
The oxygen-containing gas 9 may be supplied by increasing the amount corresponding to the amount flowing from 1 to the bottom of the fermenter.

As a method of forming a pressure distribution inside the fermenter, instead of monitoring the flow rate of the exhaust gas described above, the pressure measuring means 23-1 to 2-3 are provided in the gas phase spaces 4-1 to 4-3 of each stage.
It is also possible to provide 3-3 and adjust the air supply amount and the exhaust amount based on the measured value to adjust to the required air pressure.

The operation for adjusting the air pressure and the flow rate in the fermenter may be manually adjusted by an operator instead of the controller 26.

For efficient composting, it is preferable to mix the packed bed appropriately.

In the composting apparatus of this embodiment, the operation of opening the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 supporting the packed bed, and dropping and transferring the packed beds 5-1 to 5-3 to the lower stage. By
Crush and mix the packing. Insufficient mixing reduces the rate of fermentation due to lack of reaction substrates and excessive accumulation of fermentation products in the active part of the fermentation.

However, the fermentation rate is not necessarily improved by increasing the above mixing, and the optimum mixing frequency depends on the type and amount of the organic solid waste as the raw material, the ease with which the organic matter is decomposed, and the degree of decomposition. There is. In the present embodiment, the appropriate mixing time, that is, the transfer time to the lower stage of the packed bed 5-1 to 5-3 is determined by the temperature of the packed bed, the oxygen consumption rate, and the elapsed time from the previous mixing operation. .

The above-described determination of the mixing timing will be described with reference to a processing flow shown in FIG. The control device 26 calculates the elapsed time t from the previous mixing operation at every predetermined time. Then, the control device 26 determines whether or not t is less than or equal to a preset maximum allowable still time tH.

When the fermented product is fermented in a state where the packed bed is left standing, the fermented material does not bind to each other to cause solidification of the whole packed bed, and the filling is performed when the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 are opened. It is time to maintain the property that the floor can be transferred to the lower stage,
It depends on the height of packing, the moisture concentration of the packed bed, the degree of decomposition, and the like. Usually 24-100 hours, preferably 24-7
2 hours.

If it exceeds tH, it is immediately determined that the mixing operation is to be performed. When the temperature is equal to or less than tH, the temperature T of the packed bed is measured by the temperature measuring means 22-1 to 22-3 provided at each stage, and the temperature T is equal to or less than the maximum temperature Tm of the packed bed stored in the controller 26. Is determined. If it exceeds Tm, the information on Tm is replaced with the information on T, and the process proceeds to the determination of the oxygen consumption rate described later.

If T is equal to or less than Tm, the temperature is compared with the lower limit temperature TL of the packed bed calculated by the control device 26 next. TL is a numerical value obtained by subtracting a predetermined temperature from Tm, and is not particularly limited.
Is subtracted.

If T is greater than or equal to TL, the process proceeds to the determination of the oxygen consumption rate. In the determination step of the oxygen consumption rate, the flow rate measuring means 20-1 to 20-3 and the oxygen concentration measuring means 17
The oxygen consumption rate Or is calculated based on the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas measured from -1 to 17-3 and the information on the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and is equal to or less than the oxygen consumption rate Orm stored in the control device 26. Is determined. If the value exceeds Orm, the information of Orm is replaced with the information of Or, and the process waits until the next determination time.

If it is less than Orm, it is compared with the oxygen consumption rate lower limit value OrL calculated by the controller 26 next. OrL is a numerical value obtained by multiplying Orm by a predetermined ratio and is not particularly limited, but is usually a numerical value obtained by multiplying Orm by 1/3, preferably by 1/2. If Or is equal to or greater than OrL, the process waits until the next determination time.

When Or is equal to or less than Orm and when T is equal to or less than TL, it is next determined whether or not t is equal to or greater than the minimum stationary time tL preset in the control device 26. If it is not less than tL, it is determined that it is time to perform the mixing operation. If it is less than tL, it waits until the next determination time. The various information used in this determination is stored in the control device 26 as a database over time.

In the case of the present embodiment in which a plurality of packed beds are provided in the fermenter 1, the above-described determination operation is repeated for each stage. It is preferable to perform the mixing operation as a whole. If the raw materials are the same and the degree of composting of the packed bed in the fermenter is considered to be almost uniform,
It is also possible to determine the mixing time of the entire apparatus by one-stage determination.

The operation of mixing the packed bed is performed by the control device 26.
Is performed by operating the drive mechanisms of the partitions 2-1 to 2-3 on the basis of the above command. Note that the mixing operation can be automatically performed by the control device 26, and there is a method in which the operating operator is recognized by means of displaying or notifying the execution time of the mixing operation, and the mixing operation is manually performed.

After the mixing operation, the Tm, TL, Or
Clear each value of m and OrL to 0.

By continuing the aerobic fermentation using the composting apparatus of this embodiment, the packed bed volume and weight are reduced, the organic matter in the raw material is decomposed, and the organic matter concentration is gradually reduced. Accordingly, the rate of aerobic fermentation decreases and the rate of oxygen consumption decreases, and the temperature of the packed bed also decreases with a decrease in the amount of heat generated by aerobic fermentation. The end of composting is determined in consideration of these situations. In the determination, it is particularly preferable to use, as an index, a change with time of the organic matter decomposition rate and the oxygen consumption rate. In addition, electric conductivity, cation exchange capacity, pH and the like can also be used as indices.

When the compost is effectively used as a fertilizer for producing agricultural products, it is not necessary to decompose organic substances to the utmost limit, and it is sufficient to decompose the target agricultural products to a level that does not adversely affect growth of the target agricultural product. Needless to say.

When it is determined that the compost has reached the target degree of decomposition, the fermented product is discharged out of the tank by the screw discharger 11 and the conveyor 10 and, if necessary, the water content is adjusted and the fertilizer component is removed. Make adjustments to make compost products.

For fermentation in a plurality of fermenters, the following transfer means which share each transfer path for feed of raw material, circulation of the packed bed and discharge from the system in a single tank are required.

A horizontal transfer path connecting the outlet at the bottom of each fermenter and the lower part of the vertical transfer path.

A vertical transfer path that can be transferred upward.

A horizontal transfer path that connects the upper part of the vertical transfer path with the supply port at the top of each fermenter.

[0094] The transfer route includes operating modes such as batch processing and continuous processing of a plurality of fermenters, arrangement of the fermenters, transfer means, and the like.
It is appropriately selected according to the physical properties of the raw materials, the transport capacity and the like.

Example 2 Next, an example of a fermentation method using a fermentation system including a plurality of fermenters will be described. In this embodiment, 1
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a flow of the batch fermentation method using a fermentation system including a vertical transfer path for books.

The raw organic solid waste 3 is supplied to the raw material supply branch path 32, the lower horizontal transfer path 42-1 and the lower path connection section 3.
7, and rises by the vertical transfer path 40, and passes through the upper path connection part 45 to the upper horizontal transfer path 43-1 on the left side of the figure.
Is transferred to the fermenter 1-1 via the fermenter supply path 44-1.
To be introduced.

When the fermentation needs to be accelerated, a seed packed bed 35 is added to the raw organic solid waste 3 via a seed packed bed transfer branch route 36 as needed. After introduction into the fermenter 1-1, air is supplied into the packed bed 5-11 to start fermentation.

In the meantime, at an arbitrary time interval, intermittently until the effective volume in the fermenter 1-1 reaches a saturation or reaches a set volume,
For example, the raw material solid organic waste 3 is introduced once a day. Also, at an arbitrary interval intermittently, for example, at a frequency of 1 to 3 days, part or all of the packed bed 5-11 in the fermenter 1-1 is discharged via the fermenter discharge path 41-1. The same route as described above is circulated counterclockwise in the figure to continue the fermentation.

During or after accumulation in the fermenter,
When the fermentation has progressed to the set fermentation degree or the fermentation has been completed, the packed bed 5-11 is transferred rightward in the figure by the lower horizontal transfer path 42-1 and discharged from the lower horizontal transfer path 37 for discharging the packed bed. It is discharged as an out-of-system discharge packed bed 38 through an out-of-system discharge branch path 39.

On the other hand, when the effective volume of the fermenter 1-1 is saturated or set to an unsaturated state, the introduction of the raw material organic solid waste 3 into the fermenter 1-1 is stopped in parallel with the above-described processing. Then, the raw material supply branch path 32, the lower horizontal transfer path 42-1, the vertical transfer path 40, the upper horizontal transfer path 43-2, and the fermenter supply path 44- toward another tank, for example, the fermenter 1-3. And fermentation tank 1-3 is introduced into fermenter 1-3 to start fermentation.

In the same manner, the introduction, fermentation, circulation, and discharge from the system of the raw material organic solid waste 3 are repeated successively in an unused fermenter and in an empty fermenter after the fermentation is completed. The fermentation is continuously processed by the progressive feeding method.

In FIG. 11, the horizontal transfer path is composed of one continuous path, while as shown in FIG. 12, the lower horizontal transfer path 42 and the upper horizontal transfer path 43 are each one conveyor. An example is shown below. Instead of the transfer of the lower horizontal transfer path 42-1 to the right, the left of the upper horizontal transfer path 43-1 and the upper horizontal transfer path 43-1 of the lower horizontal transfer path 43-1, and the transfer of the lower horizontal transfer path 43-2 to the left in FIG. By inverting the transfer direction of the lower horizontal transfer path 42 and the upper horizontal transfer path 43, the transfer is performed in the target direction. In the figure, an upper path connection item transfer direction switching unit 46 and a lower path connection item transfer direction switch unit 47 are shown.
Has a transfer direction switching function in addition to the path connection function.

As the transfer means, a part of the forced transfer type such as a conveyor or a screw can be replaced by gravity transfer using an inclined pipe or an inclined groove.

As an example, in FIGS. 14 and 15, a vertical transfer path such as a bucket type conveyor is provided at the center of four independent tanks, and a horizontal transfer path using a combination of a plurality of belt conveyors is provided at the bottom. An example in which an inclined tube is used as a path will be described.

FIG. 14 shows an example in which a part of the lower lateral transfer path is of a forced transfer type such as a belt conveyor and the other is of a gravity transfer type.

[Embodiment 3] This embodiment is an example of an extrusion flow type continuous fermentation by circulation fermentation including one vertical transfer path, which will be described with reference to FIG.

The raw organic solid waste 3 passes through the raw material supply branch path 32, the lower horizontal transfer path 42, and the vertical transfer path 4.
Increase by 0. Next, it is transferred to the left side by the upper lateral transfer path 43 and is introduced into the fermenter 1-1 via the fermenter supply path 44-1 to start fermentation. Meanwhile, at an arbitrary time interval, part or all of the packed bed 5-11 in the fermenter 1-1 is discharged from the fermenter 1-1 via the fermenter discharge path 41-1. Circulates counterclockwise in the figure.

When the fermentation has progressed to the set degree of progress, the packed bed 5-11 is transferred rightward by the lower horizontal transfer path 42. Next, the fermenter 1-1 passes through the vertical transfer path 40, the upper horizontal transfer path 43, and the fermenter supply path 44-2.
2 and fermentation proceeds further.

In the same manner, the packed bed 5-12 is changed to the fermenter 1-3.
Stay for a set period of time under intermittent circulation. Further, the packed bed 5-13 is discharged in the same manner and introduced into the fermenter 1-4 for fermentation.

Packed bed 5-14 that has reached the final set fermentation degree
Through the lower horizontal transfer path 42, the lower path connecting portion 47, and the out-of-system discharge branch path 39, and is discharged out of the system as the out-of-system discharge filling bed 38.

It is to be noted that continuous fermentation can also be performed by sequentially transferring to another fermentation tank without circulation.

[Embodiment 4] In this embodiment, a batch type progressive fermentation using a fermentation system including a plurality of vertical transfer paths will be described.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a fermentation system including two vertical transfer paths. Fermentation is performed in the same manner as in Example 2, but when introducing, fermenting, circulating, and discharging the raw materials, a vertical transfer path closer to the fermenter, for example, a vertical transfer path 40-1 in the fermenter 1-1 is used. Using clockwise, fermenter 1
At -n, the packed bed is transferred and circulated counterclockwise using the vertical transfer path 40-2.

According to this example, high-quality compost can be produced by aerobic fermentation for a short period of time.

[Embodiment 5] This embodiment is characterized in that FIG.
As shown in (1), a ventilation grid 50 having a ventilation nozzle 6 in a packed bed is added as an oxygen supply means to each packed bed in the fermenter in Example 1.

As shown in FIG. 17, the ventilation grid 50 is formed by connecting two inclined planes in a mountain shape, and the inclined plate 24 having an inverted V-shaped cross section and a grid ventilation pipe 5 having a ventilation nozzle 6 on the surface.
3, which are formed in a lattice shape by making them orthogonal on the same plane.

The supply of oxygen into the packed bed is performed by the ventilation nozzle 6 provided on the upper surface of the partition 2 and the ventilation nozzle 6 provided on the ventilation grid 50. The shape, number of installations, installation positions, and the like of the ventilation grid 50 are not particularly limited, and are selected in consideration of the organic solid waste as the raw material and the filling amount, the bed temperature, the bacterial concentration, the particle size, the void density, and the moisture concentration.

If the ventilation grid 50 is provided in the middle of the path where the partition 2 is opened and the packed bed falls from the upper stage, the crushing effect of the packed bed is further improved and the filling height can be leveled.

The effect is particularly large when oxygen is insufficient when only the oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the bottom surface, such as when the height of the packed bed is high, or when the supply of only the oxygen-containing gas from the bottom surface is performed, such as fermentation of a raw material having a high oxygen consumption rate.

When the diameter of the fermentation tank is small, the ventilation grids 50 may not be orthogonal but may be arranged in parallel.

[Embodiment 6] This embodiment is characterized in that FIG.
As shown in (5), an exhaust grate 54 is added to each stage in the fermenter of Example 5 as an exhaust gas discharging means of the packed bed in the packed bed.

The shape, number of installations, installation positions, etc., of the exhaust grid 54 are not particularly limited, and the raw material organic solid waste and its filling amount, bed temperature, bacterial concentration, particle size, void density, and moisture concentration are taken into consideration. select. Usually, the same shape as the ventilation grid 50 is used.

When a large amount of oxygen-containing gas needs to be supplied to the fermentation bed, the aeration differential pressure can be reduced, and the supply pressure of the oxygen gas supply blower can be reduced, which is effective for energy saving.

Example 7 Using the composting apparatus of Example 1, garbage discharged from the cafeteria as a fermentation raw material was pulverized and dried, and 500 kg of primary-treated garbage and 20% by weight of bark were added. 2000 kg of cow dung was mixed and fermented under aerobic conditions for 50 days to prepare a compost. The compost was dried to obtain 600 kg of dry compost having a water content of 10%.

A germination test of Komatsuna was carried out using extracted water obtained by adding 200 g of pure water to 10 g of the above compost.
As a result, a germination rate of 95% was obtained, no inhibition on germination was observed, and it was confirmed that the compost was of good quality.

[0126]

According to the present invention, it is possible to fill the tank without any gaps in the horizontal direction, and to uniformly supply oxygen required for fermentation to each packed bed at each stage.

In addition, aerobic fermentation can be performed efficiently and quickly by mixing with a simple mechanism, and high-quality compost can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of an organic solid waste composting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an outline of a partition used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing an outline of a partition used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an outline of a rotating shelf used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing an outline of a ventilation pipe and a ventilation nozzle used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a mixing timing determination method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a transfer flow of aerobic fermentation products in a plurality of fermenters in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an oxygen supply method of the organic solid waste composting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view of a ventilation grid used in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an oxygen supply method of the organic solid waste composting apparatus in one embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fermentation tank, 2 ... Partition, 3 ... Organic solid waste, 4 ... Gas phase space part, 5 ... Packed bed, 6 ... Vent nozzle, 7 ... Rotation axis,
Reference numeral 8: Shelf ventilation line, 9: Oxygen-containing gas, 10: Conveyor, 11: Screw discharger, 12: Blower, 13: Rotating shelf, 14: Raw material input hole, 15: Exhaust line, 16, 1
9: valve, 17: oxygen concentration measuring means, 18: oxygen-containing gas supply line, 20, 21: flow rate measuring means, 22: temperature measuring means, 23: barometer side means, 24: inclined plate, 25: circular pipe , 26 ... Control device, 27 ... Filled bed discharge port, 32 ... Raw material supply branch path, 35 ... Seed packed bed, 36 ... Seed packed bed transfer branch path, 37 ... Lower path connection part, 38 ... Outside system Discharge packed bed, 39: Branch path for discharging the outside discharge packed bed, 40: Vertical transfer path, 41: Fermenter discharge path, 42: Lower horizontal transfer path, 43: Upper horizontal transfer path, 44: Fermenter Supply path, 45: Upper path connection section, 46: Upper path connection and transfer direction switching section, 47: Lower path connection and transfer direction switching section, 50: Ventilation grid, 53: Grid ventilation pipe, 54
... exhaust grate.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C12M 1/10 C12M 1/18 1/18 C05F 1/02 // C05F 1/02 3/06 E 3 / 06 5/00 5/00 7/00 301E 7/00 301 9/02 E 9/02 B09B 3/00 ZABD (72) Inventor Takeshi Takemoto 7-2-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Pref. Within the Hitachi, Ltd. Power and Electricity Development Laboratory (72) Inventor Masaru Namba 7-2-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki Prefecture Within the Hitachi, Ltd. Power and Electricity Development Laboratory (72) Inventor Kenichi Soma Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 4-6, Surugadai, Hitachi, Ltd. Electric Power & Electric Machinery Group (72) Inventor Setsuo Saito 7-2-1, Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Electric Power & Electric Machinery Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. Term (Reference) 4B029 AA04 BB01 CC03 EA04 EA14 EA16 EA18 4D004 AA02 AA03 AA04 AA46 AC04 BA04 CA19 CB04 CB05 CB06 CB42 CB45 CC01 CC07 CC08 CC20 DA02 DA20 4D059 AA01 AA03 AA08 BA06 BA08 CB08 BA06 CB08 AA02 AA03 CC32 CC36 CC38 CC41 CC42 CC51 CC55 GG06 GG12 GG14 GG16 GG49 GG69 LL03

Claims (9)

[Claims] A plurality of partitions that can be opened and closed in a fermentation tank are arranged above and below the tank, and an organic solid waste or its aerobic fermentation product is formed with a gas-phase space below the partition located directly above. In the aerobic fermentation method for organic solid waste, which forms a multi-stage packed bed by aerobic fermentation of the packed bed, air is supplied from the upper surface of each partition and exhausted from the upper surface of each packed bed. Aerobic fermentation method of organic solid waste, characterized in that, during the fermentation or after fermentation, the packed bed is dropped and transferred to the lower stage with the partition opened. 2. The air supply and exhaust to each of the packed beds while maintaining a gradient in which the pressure of the gas phase space above each packed bed in the fermenter decreases from the lowermost stage to the uppermost stage. Aerobic fermentation method of organic solid waste. 3. The method for aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein air supply and exhaust are adjusted so that the gas phase space of the uppermost packed bed is at atmospheric pressure. 4. The organic solid waste according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pressure in the gas phase space of each packed bed is adjusted by adjusting the amount of air supplied to and the amount of exhaust from each packed bed. Aerobic fermentation method. 5. A filler filled in each of the fermenters with a plurality of openable and closable partitions for controlling the passage of the organic solid waste or the aerobic fermented filler in the fermenter. Aerobic fermentation to form a multi-stage packed bed in a fermenter by filling the packing so that a gas phase space can be formed between it and a partition located above it, and aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste In the apparatus, the openable and closable partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves, a part of which is fixed to a rotating shaft, and provided with oxygen supply means on the upper surface of the rotating shelves. Aerobic fermentation equipment for things. 6. Exhaust means for adjusting the amount of exhaust in each stage for forming a pressure distribution in which the lower part of the gas phase space formed by the partition and the packed bed is higher than the upper part of the fermenter. The aerobic fermentation apparatus for organic solid waste according to claim 5, further comprising an air supply means for adjusting an air supply amount. 7. The organic solid waste according to claim 5, further comprising a pressure measuring means for measuring a pressure in a gas phase space formed in each stage of the fermenter separated by each partition. Ki fermentation equipment. 8. A fermentation tank divided into two or more by a partition provided in a tank, and an organic solid waste or an aerobic fermentate thereof is filled on the partition to form a packed bed. In a vertical composting apparatus for aerobically fermenting organic solid waste, the partition is constituted by a plurality of rotating shelves, some of which are fixed to a rotating shaft, and oxygen supply means is provided on the upper surface of the rotating shelves. And an exhaust pipe provided with an exhaust gas amount adjusting means is provided at each stage of the fermentation tank fractionated by the partition, and an organic solid waste or an aerobic fermentation product supply means thereof is provided at the upper part of the fermentation tank; A discharging means for discharging the aerobic fermented material to the outside of the fermenter at the lower part of the tank, a transferring means for transferring the aerobic fermented matter discharged to the outside of the fermenting tank to the upper part of the fermenting tank, and a water supply means for supplying the aerobic fermented material The pressure of each gas phase space formed by the packed bed and the partition is A pressure measuring means for forming in the fermentation tank a pressure distribution that decreases as going from the lower side to the upper side of the fermentation tank,
A vertical multi-stage composting device for aerobically fermenting organic solid waste, comprising a pressure adjusting means. 9. The vertical multi-stage composting apparatus for aerobically fermenting organic solid waste according to claim 8, further comprising a supply and exhaust means for supplying and exhausting the packed bed on the partition.