RU69858U1 - INSTALLATION OF BIOCOMPOSITION, MATRUSION AND DRYING OF WATER-FREE WASTE WATER SEDIMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the processing of dehydrated sewage sludge by biocomposting into organic fertilizer and can be used in utilities of villages, towns, small cities, health centers. The objective of the invention is the maximum use of heat emissions from a sewage treatment plant to intensify the process of biocomposting dehydrated sewage sludge mixed with shredded plant waste, reduce unpleasant odors from a plant for processing sludge into the environment and the cost of obtaining organic fertilizers from sewage sludge. The problem is solved in that the installation of biocomposting, ripening and drying of dehydrated sludge of domestic wastewater, including communications for feeding dehydrated sludge of domestic wastewater to mixing, crushed plant waste, equipment for biocomposting with loosening and aeration of the composted mixture, aging for ripening and drying ready-made compost arranged with the building of the blower station, equipped with a premise for preparing a mixture of dehydrated sewage sludge with chopped vegetable waste and ready-made compost, storage bins for shredded vegetable waste and ready-made compost, a crane-beam for loading ready-made compost and equipment with a blower for composting the prepared mixture, separated from other rooms by a partition with a door equipped with a freight elevator, containers with the prepared mixture, connected pipelines with compressed air duct and equipped with bubblers for introducing air into the mixture of sediments with waste and rotary rails for horizontal relocation, shelving in the form of whatnot for storage of containers, air ducts of hot compressed air with heat exchangers in the form of fins on the pipes between the shelving, drills for tedding, loosening of the composted mixture in containers, the premises for preparing and composting the mixture of sediment and plant waste and air-blower are equipped with air inlets for air intake and its submission to the bioreactors of biological wastewater treatment. 1 s.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to devices for the processing of dehydrated sludge from domestic wastewater by bio-composting into organic fertilizers and can be used in public utilities in villages, towns, small towns, sanatoriums, health centers.

It is known to use vermicomposters for complete sewage treatment plants [1], in which the device is made in the form of a bed on supports for growing vermiculture, equipped with a system of devices for watering vermicompost, shelter from direct sunlight in the summer and heating in winter time, making compostable waste and digging the finished compost.

With significant design advantages for small amounts of sewage sludge, which is typical for complete treatment plants with a capacity of 50 ... 400 m3 / day, for treatment plants with a capacity of more than 500 m3 / day, the known device is cumbersome and needs to be improved for the rational use of non-traditional heat carriers and intensification of sediment disinfection processes at the stage of their biocomposting with bacterial cenosis, streamlining of wastewater sludge disinfection mixing with changes lchennymi plant waste, such as sawdust, prior to being fed into the apparatus, the finished compost storage and ripening prior to unloading use.

The closest in technical essence devices implemented by Bifar at a number of treatment plants in the Russian Federation [2], including a mechanical dewatering plant, equipped with centrifuges or filter presses of various designs and a biocomposting plant, including equipment for mixing dehydrated sludge with crushed plant residues , bioreactors for biocomposting a mixture equipped with devices for mixing it and

maintaining aerobic conditions in the compostable mixture; drives with ready-made compost for certification before use as an organomineral fertilizer.

The developed equipment for the implementation of all stages of the treatment of sewage sludge into fertilizer is focused on large quantities of processed sludge and is not applicable for sewage treatment plants from 500 to 20,000 m3 / day. It is at such sewage treatment plants that compost can be obtained that does not contain toxic impurities, which is certainly suitable for use as fertilizer with a wide range of possible consumers.

The objective of the invention is to maximize the use of heat emissions from the treatment plant to intensify the composting process of sewage sludge, reduce the cost of composting and the release of unpleasant odors into the environment by rationally locating the biocomposting unit and accumulating the finished compost and blower station.

The problem is solved in that the biocomposting plant for sewage sludge, including equipment for mixing dehydrated sewage sludge on mechanical dewatering machines (centrifuges, filter presses and other devices) with shredded plant waste (sawdust, floor, straw, grass, etc. .), containers for packing a mixture of sediments and plant waste, devices for mixing, tedding the mixture, creating aerobic conditions in it, moving containers in horizontal and vertical loskostyah, communications system, and devices for heating and precipitation mixture composted vegetable waste is combined with room to accommodate the blowers and an air treatment plant devices.

The following differences are provided:

- heaters for biocomposters use finned air ducts from blowers;

- to mix the dehydrated sludge from sewage and plant waste using mortar mixers, used in the practice of builders;

- for mixing, tedding the mixture in the containers of the construction of garbage cans, manual drills of the drill design are used to drill ice fishing enthusiasts, and the containers are equipped with bubblers for introducing compressed air into the mixture of sediment and plant waste;

- air intake air ducts for blowers are located in the composting mixture preparation, blowing, storage and container storage rooms;

- to move containers in a vertical plane, use a freight elevator, and in a horizontal plane provide containers with wheels.

Patent studies have shown that neither the patent nor the scientific and technical literature contain information about the biocomposting plant for sewage sludge of the design and execution described in the claims, which gives grounds to assert that they meet the patent "novelty" criterion.

A comparative analysis of the device, which is attached, with well-known technical solutions, including the prototype, shows that there are significant advantages from the installation of biocomposting sewage sludge of this design

The supposed advantages that are achieved indicate that the tasks that are being solved are performed at the inventive step, since they do not follow obviously from the solutions known in the art and therefore meet the patentability criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed installation of biocomposting, ripening and drying of dehydrated sludge from domestic wastewater is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 is a plan of the first floor of a blower building and a biocomposting plant for sewage sludge. Figure 2 shows a vertical section of the building blower, combined with the installation of biocomposting, ripening and drying of dehydrated sludge of domestic wastewater mixed with crushed plant waste. Figure 3 - axonometric diagram of the ducts and air intakes for air intake inside the building of the blower station.

Installation of biocomposting, ripening and drying of dehydrated sewage sludge at the base of the blower station building includes:

1. Blower building, combined with a biocomposting plant for sewage sludge;

2. Blowers;

3. Air ducts of compressed air from blowers (2);

4. Air intake;

5. Air duct for supplying air to blowers (2);

6. Heat exchangers on air ducts (3);

7. Pipeline for supplying dehydrated sludge to domestic wastewater;

8. Hopper with shredded vegetable waste;

9. Sludge mixer with plant waste;

10. Container for a mixture of precipitation with vegetable waste;

11. Pipelines for supplying compressed air to containers (10);

12. Drill for loosening a mixture of dehydrated sludge from domestic wastewater with vegetable waste in containers (10);

13. Elevator for lifting the container (10) on the shelving;

14. Shelving for containers (10);

15. Wheels of containers (10) for their horizontal movement on racks (14);

16. Bubblers for air distribution in containers (10);

17. A partition for separating racks (14) with containers (10) from the premises for the preparation of sediments for biocomposting;

18. Bunker with ready-made biocompost;

19. Tray for supplying finished compost to the mixer;

20. A crane-beam for loading ready-made compost in bags or unloading vegetable waste containers from the vehicle into the hopper (8), mounting and dismounting, loading blower elements into the vehicle or unloading the vehicle (2);

21. Door to the biocomposting room for a mixture of sewage sludge and plant waste;

22. The bio-composting room for a mixture of sewage sludge and plant waste;

23. Premises for the preparation of sediments for biocomposting, storage of plant waste and ready-made compost;

24. Room blowers.

A biocomposting, ripening and drying unit for household wastewater sludge based on building (1) blower contains:

A building (1) is blower, combined with a biocomposting, ripening and drying unit for household wastewater sludge with blowers (2) having air inlets (4) with air ducts (5) for supplying air to the blowers (2) and air ducts (3) for compressed air on the implementation of aerobic biological wastewater treatment processes. The room (24) of the blowers (2) in the building (1) is adjacent to the room (23) for the preparation of dehydrated sludge for domestic wastewater entering it through the pipeline (7). In the room (23) there is a mixer (9) of sediments with vegetable waste, a hopper (8) with crushed vegetable waste, a hopper (18) with ready-made compost and a tray (19) for feeding compost to the mixer (9), a crane-beam (20) for loading ready-made compost into the car, unloading shredded plant waste delivered to the treatment plant and servicing blowers (2) and valves for air ducts (3). The room (23) is fenced off by a partition (17) with a door (21) from the room

(22) biocomposting a prepared mixture of dehydrated sewage sludge with vegetable waste and prepared compost.

In the room (22) of the bio-composting of the mixture there are: a freight elevator (13) for vertical movement of containers (10) filled with a mixture of dehydrated sewage sludge with shredded plant waste and prepared compost, racks (14) in the form of whatnots with a floor height of at least 1 , 5 m, because the height of the containers (10) is 1.2 m and they should roll freely onto the shelving (14).

In the room (22), penetrating the shelves (14), air ducts (3) pass with compressed air. In the niches of the racks (14) on the air ducts (3), heat exchangers (6) are mounted in the form of metal fins to remove heat from the heat in the blowers (2) during air compression.

The containers (10) are equipped with pipelines (11) with bubblers (16) for introducing air into the mixture, with swivel wheels (15) for horizontal movement of containers along the racks (14). In addition, in the room (22) inside the freight elevator (13) there is a set of drills (12) for daily loosening of the mixture of dehydrated sewage sludge with vegetable waste and ready-made compost during scheduled maintenance of containers with their rolling out into the freight elevator (13), inspection compostable mixture, measuring the temperature of the mixture, sampling the mixture for chemical analysis.

Installation of biocomposting, ripening and drying of dehydrated sewage sludge works as follows:

When mixing in the mixer (9), the dewatered sewage sludge fed into them through the pipeline (7) with crushed vegetable waste from the hopper (8) and the finished compost from the hopper (18) along the tray (19) inside the mixture filled from the mixer (9) in the container (10), equipped with bubblers (16) of aeration from the pipelines (11) for supplying compressed air, aerobic biological processes of composting begin. At the same time, the source of microorganisms for introducing the composting process is ready-made compost, the supplier of organic substances for the energy needs of the biological process and partially bound oxygen are plant residues, the grinding of which before mixing allows you to evenly distribute the energy component of the mixture. The supplier of nutrients, moisture, vitamins and enzymes is dehydrated sewage sludge. Composting of the mixture proceeds with the release of energy if there is a sufficient amount of organic food, air oxygen, and associated with organic raw materials (plant waste), there are no toxic impurities in the dehydrated sewage sludge.

Since there is heat loss through the enclosing surfaces, through the walls of the containers (10), heating, and deworming and decontamination of dehydrated sludge from domestic wastewater can occur, exactly like drying, when heat is supplied from outside in the room (22) where the container (10) is located on racks (14), for this purpose the room (22) is placed inside the building (1) with blowers (2). During the operation of the blowers (2), energy is consumed for heating the air. The temperature of compressed air reaches 130 ° C and it heats the pipelines (3) for supplying air for biological treatment.

By placing the air ducts (3) in the room (22), through racks (14) with containers (10) and supplying these air ducts with heat exchangers (6) in the form of finning of the metal pipes of the air ducts (3), heat transfer to the room (22) is achieved, and heating, and drying the mixture of sediments in containers (10).

Since under the influence of gravitational forces, the mixture of sediment and waste in containers (10) coalesces and begins to impede the passage of air through it, and, consequently, the oxygen supply to aerobic biological processes and the drying of the mixture deteriorates by the transfer of moisture to dry air, it is necessary to loosen the mixture. Periodically, once or twice a day, at the first stages of processing the sediment of the container (10) is rolled out, since they have turning wheels (15), into the freight elevator (13) from the racks (14) and the mixture of sediment and waste is loosened using drills (12). For the rational use of the heat released on heat exchangers (6) and inside the mixture of sediments with waste during biological processes, the room (22) is fenced off by a partition (17) and a door (21) from the room (23) for preparing the sediments for biocomposting and storage of the finished compost and plant waste.

At the same time, the rooms (22), (23) and (24) where the blowers are located (2) are equipped with air inlets (4) connected to each other for air intake from these rooms and its supply through the air ducts (5) to the blowers (2) ) This creates the conditions for air circulation and ventilation of the premises (22), (23) and (24). All gases emitted from precipitation and premises are ultimately sent to the biological wastewater treatment reactors, where they are absorbed by the sludge mixture and incorporated into biological processes.

For servicing the blowers (2), delivering plant waste and removing the finished compost in the blower room (2) and the room (23) for preparing a mixture of sediment and waste for storage of the finished compost, there is a crane-beam (20), with which the finished compost is loaded into cars, plant waste coming from automobiles entering the premises (23), (24) or discharged into the bunker (8), as well as individual units of blowers, shut-off and control valves of air ducts.

The provision of a biocomposting plant, ripening and drying of dehydrated sewage sludge provided by the technical solution with heat exchangers from hot compressed air ducts when using high-pressure blowers in the Sochi region year-round, in other regions of Russia during the periods of the year when the outside temperature is positive, guarantees the correct ratio in mixtures of dehydrated sludge with plant wastes; decontamination of sewage sludge from eggs helmin goods, parasites, pathogenic bacteria and viruses, reducing the moisture content of sediments mixed with vegetable waste for two months of precipitation in the premises of the biocomposting plant to a level of 60%, which makes it possible to prevent sediment from sticking to the body walls of a car transporting ready-made compost to loading and loading equipment unloading operations.

And this ensures the fulfillment of one of the objectives of the invention.

The implementation of air inlets for air intake for blowers supplying it to the wastewater treatment bioreactors in the premises for the preparation, storage and biocomposting of a mixture of dehydrated sewage sludge and ground vegetable waste ensures a reduction of unpleasant odors and toxic gases into the environment, and this , in turn, can help to reduce the size of the sanitary protection zone, the land allocation area for sewage treatment plants, and, therefore, economically x payments for land and emissions, reduction of tariffs for wastewater treatment and processing of sludge released from wastewater.

Claims (1)

Installation of biocomposting, ripening and drying of dehydrated sewage sludge, including communications for feeding dehydrated sewage sludge for mixing, crushed vegetable waste, equipment for biocomposting with loosening and aeration of the composted mixture, aging for ripening and drying of the finished compost, characterized in that it is composed it with the building of the blower station is equipped with a premise for preparing a mixture of dehydrated sludge from domestic wastewater with shredded vegetable moves and finished compost, storage bins for shredded plant waste and finished compost, a crane-beam for loading finished compost and blower equipment, a composting room for the prepared mixture, a partition with a door equipped with a freight elevator, containers with prepared mixtures, connected pipelines with an air duct compressed air and equipped with bubblers for introducing air into the mixture of sediments with waste, swivel wheels for horizontal movement, shelving in the form of whatnot for storage of containers, hot compressed air ducts with heat exchangers in the form of fins on the pipes between the racks, tedding drills, loosening the composted mixture in containers, the preparation and composting rooms for the sediment and plant waste mixture and the blower are equipped with air inlets for air intake and its supply into bioreactors of biological wastewater treatment.