RU78924U1 - CARTRIDGE FOR GUNS (REVOLVERS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to cartridges for pistols (revolvers) and is intended to immobilize offenders by non-fatal mechanical damage. The main difference between a cartridge containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and missile equipment, consisting of one or more spherical striking elements made of elastically deformable material, from existing ones is that the cross-sectional area passing through the center of mass of the largest volume of the element deformed in the cartridge case refers to the area of the corresponding section of the element before loading into the sleeve as 0.68 or less. In the particular case of execution, the indicated ratio is in the range 0.43 ÷ 0.66. The utility model expands the arsenal of means of active self-defense of non-lethal action and, in terms of the totality of its properties, provides a more effective action on the target. The formula contains one independent and one dependent clause.

Description

The utility model relates to cartridges for pistols (revolvers) and is intended to immobilize offenders by non-fatal mechanical damage.

The prior art cartridges for pistols (revolvers) with a missile element in the form of a bullet consisting of a shell and a lead core [1]. This technical solution is due to the need to apply a living target of the most severe, possibly fatal, defeat. A similar property, objectively necessary for combat and hunting weapons, limits the distribution of these cartridges for self-defense.

Also known cartridge, the closest to the claimed technical solution for the totality of design features, which is selected as a prototype [2]. It contains a sleeve, propelling charge, missile equipment in the form of one or two spherical damaging elements from an elastically deformable material. The product manufactured by Barnaul Cartridge Plant CJSC has a bullet diameter theoretically reaching 10.2 mm with a ratio of the cross-sectional area passing through the center of mass of the damaging element deformed in the sleeve to the corresponding cross-sectional area before it is loaded into the sleeve as 0.69.

It should be noted that such cartridges with bullets of elastically deformable material are not widely represented in the arsenal of non-lethal means.

It is also well known that the bulk of civilian traumatic pistols and revolvers (including the prototype) copy military analogs, so the ammunition used in them has certain dimensions. In addition, the mass of the powder charge in traumatic cartridges is much smaller than that of structures with metal bullets, which violates the optimal loading conditions (reduces its density) and, accordingly, leads to incomplete combustion of the powder charge, causing the powders to fly into the face of the shooter and contamination of the internal cavities of the weapon.

When designing traumatic ammunition, one should strive to minimize the breakdown effect of bullets (in order to avoid excessive damage to a live target), maximizing their immobilizing effect. In this regard, it can be argued that the prototype and other well-known cartridges containing damaging elastically deformable elements with geometric parameters corresponding to the transverse dimensions of the liner have a non-optimal ratio of breakdown and stopping action.

Another disadvantage of analogues is that with an increase in the diameter of the sleeve, the charge of the weapon decreases, i.e. Amount of ammunition placed in the store (drum).

In addition, in recent years, a large number of traumatic pistols and revolvers have been introduced into civilian circulation, in which firing of projectile equipment is carried out through a cavity with a clearance greater than the chamber cross-sectional area [3]. The utilization of the energy of the powder charge in such weapons is much higher, and the maximum gas pressure is lower than that of traditional samples and they make it possible (not yet realized) to maximize the caliber of elastically deformable bullets without increasing the transverse dimensions of the liner.

With acts of self-defense, situations more often than others occur where it is advisable to effectively immobilize the offender, and not cause him death. Therefore, the main task to which the utility model is directed is to expand the arsenal of means of active self-defense of non-lethal action.

The second goal of this technical solution is to create a pistol (revolving) cartridge with traumatic missile equipment, having in combination of its geometric and ballistic properties the maximum possible (for a pistol or revolving cartridge) immobilizing (stopping) effect, corresponding to the historically prevailing dimensions of short-barreled firearms and providing among other things, the largest capacity of the store (drum).

Another objective of the utility model is to match the capabilities of pistols (revolvers), in which the lumen of the cavity for the release of propelled equipment beyond the weapons of a more cross-section of the chamber.

Other goals of the proposed design are stabilization of the parameters of the shot with light missile equipment (pressure of the powder gases and the initial velocity of the bullets), mainly at different angles of declination of the weapon and increased utilization of energy of the shot.

These goals are achieved by increasing the diameter of the spherical bullets to the ratio of the maximum cross-sectional area passing through the center of mass deformed in the sleeve of the striking element of the greatest volume to the area of the corresponding section before loading into the sleeve (d / D) of 0.68 or less.

In the particular case of execution, the claimed ratio is from 0.43 to 0.66.

The causal relationship between the above essential features and the achieved result is explained as follows.

It is known that the most common damaging element used in traumatic cartridges is a spherical bullet that does not require stabilization on the flight and, moreover, orientation during production during installation in a sleeve.

Due to the need to exert a psychological effect on the offender, as well as the established traditions, the basic nomenclature of hand-held traumatic weapons in terms of appearance and dimensions repeats combat analogues. In this case, the cartridges have certain geometric parameters, functionally dependent on the weapon, which should be ergonomic when used and worn. Ammunition for pistols (revolvers) is characterized by the diameter of the bullet and, accordingly, the sleeve, usually not exceeding 13 mm (in particular cartridge. 50 Remington, M.71 Army). Moreover, the most common diameter is 9-10 mm. In turn, at present, in hand-held traumatic firearms, spherical damaging elements of elastically deformable material do not differ significantly in diameter from the diameter of the inner cavity of the liners. In particular, for the prototype, the parameter d / D = 0.69 is the smallest among analogues. Thus, an increase in the diameter of the bullet (d / D≤0.68) even with a constant kinetic energy will lead to a positive effect (a decrease in the breakdown effect and the preservation of stopping power). If the punching effect is maintained, then with an increase in the cross-sectional area, the kinetic energy can be maximized, and, therefore, the immobilizing effect.

According to the results of practical firing at a petrolatum, it can be argued that, under the conditions of constant kinetic energy of the missile equipment, a cartridge bullet with an indicator d / D = 0.66 in comparison with a cartridge bullet with 0.66≤d / D≤0.68 in 100% of cases ( shots) forms a cavity of a larger volume, but of the same or lesser depth (otherwise this indicator is less than 100%).

Currently used materials for bullets of cartridges for traumatic weapons (for example, synthetic rubber), having high elastic deformability, are easily compressed when mounting a cartridge. This property allows you to place a damaging element inside the liner, which in the initial (before equipment) state significantly exceeds the similar parameter of the liner’s internal cavity by the cross-sectional area.

In particular, according to experimental data, two spherical bullets with a diameter of 10.5 mm or a spherical bullet, the diameter of which before equipping the sleeve, are placed in the cavity of the prototype sleeve having a length of 32 mm and an inner diameter of about 8.5 mm, without prepressing the standard powder charge size up to 13 mm (depending on its elastic deformability). Those. the cross-sectional area passing through the center of mass of the element deformed in the sleeve refers to the area of the corresponding section of the element before loading into the sleeve in the first case as 0.66, in the second 0.43. A bullet with a diameter of 13 mm without charge preloading is equipped with a sleeve with an internal diameter of 9.47 mm and a length of 28

mm, while the parameter in question is 0.53. If the length of the last sleeve increases to 32 mm, then an element with a diameter of 14.5 mm is mounted in it, while (d / D) decreases to 0.43.

Despite the fact that sleeves longer than 32 mm are not found in modern pistols, it does not seem appropriate to assign a lower limit value (d / D), since it is limited “automatically”, being a function of both the geometric parameters of the sleeve cavity and the physical properties of the missile equipment. Naturally, two or more striking elements can be placed in the cartridge (depending on the diameter and length of the sleeve, as well as the total volume of bullets). Theoretically, bullets intended for assembly in one sleeve can differ in diameter.

The proposed technical solution becomes more relevant in the context of an expanding turnover of pistols (revolvers) in which firing of projectile equipment is carried out through a cavity with a diameter exceeding the diameter of the chamber up to 20% or more and the diameter of the inner cavity of the sleeve up to 40% or more. Since the force acting on the bullet in the ballistic process is proportional to its cross-sectional area, a more complete filling of the broadened channel by the bullet will significantly increase the efficiency of such weapons.

In all cases, the loading density in the cartridge with the declared features is higher than in the prototype, which also increases the efficiency (increases the completeness of combustion of the charge) and stabilizes the parameters of the shot with light throwable equipment, especially at weapon declination angles, when gunpowder can move around in free space along the sleeve, moving away from the means of initiation or approaching it.

The claimed also allows you to save the charge of the weapon (the number of cartridges placed in the store or drum) while increasing the caliber of the weapon or increase the charge while maintaining the caliber.

The design of the cartridge is presented in the figure, where:

1 - sleeve

2 - propellant charge

3 - damaging element (elastically deformable bullet)

d- diameter, denoting the boundary of the cross section deformed in the sleeve of the damaging element (3) passing through its center of mass

D is the diameter indicating the boundary of the cross section of the striking element (3).

A propellant charge (2) and an elastically deformable spherical bullet (3) are located in the cavity of the sleeve (1). There can be two or more striking elements (3) (mainly depending on the length of the sleeve), they can differ in volume. The bullet (3) in the initial state has a spherical (close to the ball within the tolerance) form with

diameter D. In a charged state, due to the elastic properties of the material, it is deformed to a diameter d, and the ratio d / D is 0.68 or less. A significant expression of the effect appears when d / D≤0.66. For cartridges with dimensions characteristic of a hand-held short-barreled weapon, the indicated indicator will be at least 0.43.

Prior to firing in the sleeve (1), the missile equipment (3) takes up a larger volume (in comparison with analogues), thereby increasing the charge loading density (2). In this case, even with the declination angles of the gun, the gunpowder has no less ability to move along the sleeve, changing the position of the charge relative to the means of initiation. These circumstances are factors in stabilizing the ballistic parameters of the shot.

After departure from the weapon, the radial load from the missile equipment (3) is removed, the latter takes the form close to the original. In weapons with a clearance of the outlet cavity of a more cross-section of the chamber, the radial expansion of the missile equipment (3) almost to its initial state occurs inside the weapon when the pressure of the powder gases in the projectile space is high. In this case, the force acting on the bullet (s) increases in proportion to the increase in its cross-sectional area.

The examples given do not limit the scope of the utility model reflected in the utility model formula.

Information sources

1. Description of the invention to copyright certificate 328319, published 02.02.72 (date of publication 23.03.72), Bulletin No. 6.

2. Pistol cartridge for traumatic action 13 × 32TM, TU 7272-045-13969814-2005, ZAO Barnaul Cartridge Plant, Barnaul, ul. Kulagina, 28.

3. Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation 2263269, published 10.27.05., Bulletin No. 30.

Claims (2)

1. The cartridge for pistols (revolvers), including a sleeve in the cavity of which is placed a propelling charge and an elastically deformable missile equipment, consisting of one or more spherical elements, characterized in that the cross-sectional area passing through the center of mass of the largest element deformed in the sleeve volume, refers to the area of the corresponding section of the element before loading into the sleeve as 0.68 or less. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area passing through the center of mass of the element of greatest volume deformed in the sleeve refers to the area of the corresponding section of the element before loading into the sleeve as 0.43 ÷ 0.66.