RU2572353C1 - Method of firing from tank gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armaments and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: deviations from normal firing conditions are determined, distance to target and target flange speed are identified, type of ammunition is selected, the charging automatic gear charges the gun with ammunition with further charge depressurization, initial pressure in the charging chamber with primer charge is increased to 120 atmosphere by the compressed air of the hydropneumatic cleaning system with assurance of the gun tightness, by the pressure sensor the actual pressure is measured in the charging chamber, the ballistic computer calculates angles of sight and lateral lead depending on error correction to the initial speed of the selected round type and actual pressure in the charge chamber, target shot is made.

EFFECT: invention increases initial speed of round and firing distance.

2 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to weapons and military equipment (IWT), and, in particular, to methods of firing from a tank gun and can be used at IWT facilities with fire control systems and having an air-start engine or hydropneumatic cleaning system.

There is a method of firing from a tank gun, which consists in determining deviations of the firing conditions from normal, determining the range to the target and its flank speed, choosing the type of ammunition and loading it, calculating the aiming angles and lateral lead, making an aimed shot (see, for example, [1] )

However, this method does not provide for the management of any parameters of the system "charge-projectile" to increase the efficiency of shooting.

The aim of the present invention is to provide an increase in the initial velocity of the projectile due to a preliminary forced increase in the initial pressure in the powder charge (* By a preliminary increase in pressure in the powder charge it is understood to mean an increase in pressure in the charge until the capsule sleeve (igniter) is activated, at which ignition occurs after the igniter powder charge).

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of firing after loading the gun in the charging chamber, where the powder charge is located, the pressure is forcibly increased, its actual value is measured, the values of the aiming angles and lateral lead are calculated taking into account the actual pressure value in the powder charge, and the powder is ignited charge igniter.

The invention consists in the following. From the theory of internal ballistics [2] it is known that the power of the powder is a function of a number of charge parameters, including the function of the initial pressure in the powder charge, at which it is ignited. With an increase in the initial pressure, the force of the powder with its constant mass is greater, the higher the initial pressure. In addition, with an increase in the initial pressure of ignition of the powder charge, its burning time is reduced. In this case, almost instantaneous ignition of the entire powder charge occurs at a pressure in it of about 120 atm. At this pressure, the burning time of the powder charge is reduced by almost three times in comparison with the initial atmospheric pressure. With faster combustion of the powder charge, as a result, the temperature of the powder gases and the efficiency of the gun increase. Reducing the time of combustion of the powder charge due to a preliminary increase in the initial pressure in the powder charge, increasing the temperature of the powder gases lead to an increase in the most important ballistic characteristic of the gun - the maximum pressure of the powder gases. By increasing the total maximum pressure of the powder gases and their temperature, an increase in the initial velocity of the projectile and, accordingly, its kinetic energy is achieved.

The authors performed calculations of the initial velocity of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile Vo at various initial pressures in the powder charge for a 76 mm gun of a 1902 sample and a 152 mm 2SZM gun, carried out according to the initial data and the methodology of [2], are presented in Table 1.

The data in the table show a significant effect of the initial pressure in the powder charge on the initial velocity of the projectile Vo (Vo rises by 2 times with increasing pressure from atmospheric to 120 atm), i.e. the fundamental possibility of a substantial increase in Vo with the same parameters of the powder charge.

The proposed method of firing can be applied to increase the initial velocity of kinetic-type shells (armor-piercing, armor-piercing sub-caliber shells) and increasing the firing range of other types of shells. If there is no need to increase these parameters, the method allows to reduce the mass of gunpowder and, accordingly, the overall dimensions of the charge while maintaining the initial velocity of the projectile.

The method has advantages over other possible methods of increasing the power of gunpowder [3], safety, stability of preservation of parameters 1 and 2 of the shot phase, because at an initial pressure of about 120 atm, the combustion process of gunpowder is very stable [2].

The enclosed firing method can be implemented in various ways, depending on which medium the gun is mounted on. In modern tanks [1], this method of firing can be implemented as follows. The tank has a hydropneumatic cleaning system, in the cylinders of which the compressor maintains a pressure of 150 atm. During the loading cycle, the charging machine depressurizes the charge and air from the cylinders of the hydropneumatic cleaning system after the completion of the loading cycle under the necessary pressure is supplied to the airtight gun’s charging chamber. At a known actual initial pressure in the charging chamber (charge) measured by a pressure sensor, for a certain type of projectile, a correction for its initial velocity is calculated in the ballistic computer (similar to the calculations performed in the formation of table 1), taking into account which the ballistic computer calculates the aiming and lateral angles preemptions.

The proposed method of firing allows you to increase the initial velocity of the shells over a wide range (up to 2 times) and, thereby, significantly increase the kinetic energy of armor-piercing sub-caliber (armor-piercing) shells, to increase the firing range of all types of shells, which is impossible in the prototype. If it is necessary to maintain the initial speed, this method allows to reduce the mass of the powder charge, and therefore its overall parameters.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Theory and design of the tank. Ed. P.P. Isakova. - T.2. Basics of designing weapons for a tank. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1982. - 252 p.

2. M.E. Serebryakov. Internal ballistics. - M .: Oborongiz, 1949.

3. Walter F. Morrison, Albert W. Harst, Ingo W. Mag, Joseph J. Rocchio. Trends in Gun Propulsion for Tactical Army Application / Military Technology. - 1993, No. 3, p.10-23.

Claims (2)

1. The method of firing from a tank gun, which consists in determining deviations of the firing conditions from normal, determining the distance to the target and its flank speed, choosing the type of ammunition and loading it, calculating the aiming angles and lateral lead, producing an aimed shot, characterized in that after loading guns before firing in a charging chamber with a powder charge increase the initial pressure to 120 atmospheres with compressed air hydropneumatic cleaning systems, the actual pressure value is measured with a pressure sensor hydrochloric breech and calculate the aiming angles and lateral lead ballistic calculator adjusted for the initial velocity of the selected type of projectile, determined according to the actual pressure in the bolt. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that during the charging cycle by the automatic loading device, the charge is depressurized, and the gun’s charging chamber after the loading cycle is completed ensures its tightness.