WO2014077793A1

WO2014077793A1 - Fullbore bullet for smoothbore firearm

Info

Publication number: WO2014077793A1
Application number: PCT/UA2012/000108
Authority: WO
Inventors: Юрий Виталиёвыч МАКУСЭВ
Original assignee: Makusev Yurii Vitaliiovych
Priority date: 2012-11-19
Filing date: 2012-12-04
Publication date: 2014-05-22

Abstract

The invention relates to ammunition for hunting or sporting weapons, and more particularly to bullets for smoothbore weapons. A fullbore bullet for a smoothbore firearm is proposed, comprising a main part, a tail end and drive bands and including a metal body and a plastic stabilizing shell which is in the form of a sleeve, wherein the metal body of the bullet is mushroom-shaped, with an open main part which has an ogival or conical or cylindrical form, and with a cylindrical tail end, the length of the metal body of the bullet is 80-85% of the overall length of the bullet; furthermore, a gap of 0.1-0.3 mm is provided between the lower edge of the main part of the metal body of the bullet and the upper edge of the plastic stabilizing shell, and the surface of the tail end of the metal body of the bullet is in contact with the cavity in the plastic stabilizing shell and is held by a press fit.

Description

Caliber bullet for smooth-bore firearms

The invention relates to ammunition for hunting or sports weapons, in particular, to bullets for smooth-bore weapons.

Known bullet for a smoothbore hunting rifle (Patent of Ukraine Jfe 32778, IPC F42B7 / 10, publ. 02.15.2001, Bull. JYO 1, 2001), comprising a housing with caliber ribs and an axial hole in which a plastic stabilizer is installed, in which the main part of the stabilizer has a cylindrical protrusion, and the axial hole of the bullet body has a diameter equal to the diameter of the cylindrical protrusion of the stabilizer, and the stabilizer and the bullet body are detachably connected. This bullet has low ballistic characteristics.

A well-known bullet (Patent of Ukraine 55270, IPC F42B7 / 10, published on March 17, 2003, Bull. Z, in 2003), which includes a stacked striking part, a plastic container-sealer, in which it is placed, and a plastic tail, in which the striking part of the bullet is made in the form of a cylinder, which is cut by two planes that pass through the diameter of its first base and through the ends of the perpendicular diameter of the second base, and the container-obturator is made in the form of a solid glass with screw thread and sealing rings, and the tail is fixed to the container - about yuratoru releasably. In such bullets, plastic parts are loaded with pressure during the shot and are significantly deformed, which leads to a decrease in accuracy when shooting them.

Combined bullets are known from the prior art that are made of non-ductile metal and plastic, for example, the NEX01LT32 bullet (manufacturer DDUPLEX, see materials on the website http://ddupleks.com/index.php/ru/12 - 70 - caliber / hexolit - 32 .htmll). This bullet has the following components: a plastic shutter-stabilizer from below, a metal main part of the bullet and a plastic shutter of the main part. The fact that plastic is also used in the main part of this bullet is not essential for an example. Its use is determined by the features of the programmed action on the target. During the firing of a bullet of this design, the lower (plastic) part of the bullet is an obturator-stabilizer, loaded from behind by the pressure of powder gases, and from the front by the dynamic load of the bulk - a metal composite bullet, which inevitably leads to its deformation. This deformation has a useful component - it provides a bullet obturation during movement by the barrel and negative - during the trajectory movement, the uneven deformation of the plastic stabilizer obturator leads to an increase in dispersion.

Famous caliber bullet (Patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation N °

31439, IPC F42B7 / 00, publ. August 10, 2003), which was chosen as a prototype containing the main and tail parts, leading belts, the inner cavity, in which the main part of the streamlined shape has one, and the tail part has two leading belts, and the blind cavity is formed by a cone with a narrowing to the main part. This bullet is hollow and equips in a plastic or paper sleeve. Famous bullet made of lead alloy high hearth and has a special coating. The design of this bullet does not provide a stable position of the bullet when exiting the barrel. In addition, the bullets are deformed during the shot, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of their shooting, and also such bullets are harmful to the environment.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating an environmentally friendly bullet for smooth-bore weapons, in which due to the execution of the metal body of a mushroom-shaped bullet with an open main part, an increase in accuracy and accuracy of firing is provided.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed caliber bullet for smooth-bore firearms, which contains the main and tail parts, leading belts and includes a metal body and a plastic shell-stabilizer, which is made in the form of a glass, in which according to the invention, the metal body of the bullet is made mushroom-shaped with an open main part, which has a lively or conical or cylindrical shape, and with a tail part of a cylindrical shape, the length of the metal body of the bullet is 80-85% the length of the bullet, moreover, between the lower edge of the main part of the metal body of the bullet and the upper edge of the plastic shell-stabilizer, a gap of 0.1-0.3 mm is made, and the surface of the tail of the metal body of the bullet is in contact with the cavity of the plastic shell-stabilizer and is held using press fit.

In addition, the plastic shell-stabilizer is made with front and rear driving belts, and its tail is made in the form of a truncated cone. In addition, the metal body of the bullet is made of a material that has high strength, hardness and large mass and selected from the group that includes steel, hardened steel, brass, bronze, copper, tungsten and sintered metal carbides.

In addition, the plastic stabilizer shell is made of polyformaldehyde or polymethylene oxide or polyacetal or Teflon.

The implementation of the metal body of the proposed shape and length, which represents 80-85% of the total length of the bullet, reduces the dynamic load on the entire surface of the plastic shell-stabilizer, that is, the metal part takes on most of all external loads, which determines the preservation of the stable shape of the bullet during shots, and as a result, high accuracy and accuracy of firing are ensured.

The gap between the lower edge of the main part of the metal body of the bullet and the upper edge of the plastic shell-stabilizer, reduces the dynamic load on the plastic shell-stabilizer, which positively affects the external ballistics of the bullet and its accuracy.

The manufacture of a metal body from a material that has high strength, hardness, and large mass and is selected from a group that does not include lead ensures the creation of an environmentally friendly bullet.

To ensure centering of the bullet during movement by the barrel channels, externally, the plastic shell-stabilizer is made with two belts - front and rear, and to ensure a decrease in aerodynamic drag, the tail section the plastic stabilizer shell is conical, and also such a constructive solution, when the bullet moves, shifts the center of pressure of the aerodynamic forces further into the tail of the bullet, which helps stabilize the bullet and improve ballistic performance.

The manufacture of the plastic shell-stabilizer of the proposed bullet from plastic with high strength characteristics allows the production of bullets that keep their shape both during the shot and during the movement of the trajectory, which provides improved accuracy.

The invention is explained by drawings, in which Fig. 1 schematically shows the appearance of the proposed caliber bullet in one of the embodiments, Fig. 2 is a cross section of this bullet, in Fig. 3A is a photographic image of a bullet to be shot, and in Fig. 3B is a photographic image of a bullet after falling into the pulverizer.

The caliber bullet 1 (see Figs. 1-3) contains the main 2 and tail 3 parts, leading belts 4 (front) and 5 (rear). Bullet 1 includes a metal body 6 and a plastic shell-stabilizer 7, which is made in the form of a glass. Moreover, between the lower edge of the main part 8 of the metal body 6 of the bullet 1 and the upper edge of the plastic shell-stabilizer 7, a gap 10 of a width of 0.1-0.3 mm is made. The surface of the tail portion 9 of the metal body 6 of the bullet 1 is in contact with the cavity of the plastic shell-stabilizer 7 and is held by means of a press fit. Externally, the plastic-shell stabilizer 7 is made with front 4 and rear 5 driving belts, and the tail portion 11 of the plastic-shell stabilizer 7 is made in the form of a truncated cone. The length of the metal body 6 of the bullet is 80-85% of the total length of the bullet 1. The largest diameter of the main part 8 of the metal body 6 of the bullet 1 is made smaller than the diameter of the bore, which is important to avoid contact of the solid metal with the surface of the barrel.

The structural connection of the metal body 6 of the bullet 1 with a plastic shell-stabilizer 7 is carried out using a press fit.

FIG. 3A shows a photographic image of a bullet 1 for firing. The proposed bullet 1 was shot at the pulverizer (dry sand) from a distance of 1 meter with an initial kinetic energy of more than 4000 J. After the shot (see Fig. ST), bullet I was minimally deformed, due to the fact that during the shot, and during hitting the target, the metal body 6 of the bullet 1, took on much more parts of all external loads, in comparison with the plastic shell-stabilizer 7.

The proposed bullet works as follows.

After the initiation of the powder charge of the cartridge, bullet 1 begins to move in the sleeve. At the time of the exit of the front driving belt 4 from the sleeve in the charging chamber, there is a complete volume burning of the powder charge, which is characterized by the maximum pressure in the projectile space. The dynamic load on the elements of the bullet 1 is distributed as follows: the bottom of the plastic shell-stabilizer 7 perceives the pressure of the powder gases on the one hand and the inertial component of the total weight of the bullet 1 on the other hand. Side walls of plastic stabilizer shell 7, which according to the invention is made in the form of a glass, are excluded from this process and they are loaded only by its own mass. This is due to the fact that the mushroom-shaped metal body 6 of the bullet 1 has contact with the plastic shell-stabilizer 7 only in this (tail) 3 part of the bullet. The main part 8 of the mushroom-shaped metal body 6 of the bullet 1 cannot dynamically load the side walls of the plastic shell of the stabilizer 7 through the presence of a gap 10 between them, with a size of 0, 1 - 0.3 mm. In the absence of a significant dynamic load, the plastic shell-stabilizer 7 of the bullet 1 stores its primitive dimensions and shape, which positively affect the external ballistics of the bullet 1 and its accuracy. The leading belts (front 4 and rear 5) of the plastic shell of the stabilizer 7 have an outer diameter that is 1.00-1.05 of the inner diameter of the barrel and provide obturation, squeezing the walls of the barrel.

The centering of the bullet 1 in the barrel channel is ensured by a significant distance between the centers of the leading belts (front 4 and rear 5), which exceeds the caliber of the bullet 1. The shape of the bullet 1 provides a decrease in frontal and bottom drag, sweep and effective action on the target.

The design of the bullet and the operation of the constituent elements of the bullet during the shot and on the trajectory, can significantly expand the range of initial speeds and energies of ammunition. In fact, it is possible to increase the maximum pressure in the charging chamber, the exact value of which will be determined only by the necessary level of the initial energy of the bullet, approaching the possibilities in a rifled gun of the appropriate caliber. Allowable Pressure The barrel bore of the smoothbore weapon is magnum class 1050 bar, and for rifled - up to 6000 bar.

As a result of the tests, it was found that the proposed bullet has a high ballistic coefficient (BC) up to 0, 11. High strength and BC bullets allow you to get an initial speed of more than 560 m / s, an initial energy of over 4200 J and maintain a supersonic flight speed at a distance of over 120 m with magnum equipment.

The bullet has the appearance of conventional ammunition with a shell and with the advantage that, in fact, the shot bullet has the form, weight and shape of the bullet, which was not shot, stores the total mass and aerodynamic shape, which is unique to caliber bullets of any design.

A bullet can be made for all calibers of smooth-bore weapons.

The proposed structure of the bullet provides the following important properties:

- The structural integrity of the bullet, the preservation of its shape and symmetry, which are stored both during the shot and during the movement of the trajectory;

- Ability to squeeze in muzzle constrictions with the preservation of shape and preventing contact of the metal body of the bullet with the inner surface of the barrel;

- Possibility of use in smooth-bore hunting or sports weapons with all types of trunks - cylindrical, with constrictions (chokes), with rifled muzzle attachments (types of "paradox" or "supra") or fully rifled trunks.

Claims

Formula

1. Caliber bullet for smooth-bore firearms, which contains the main and tail parts, leading belts and includes a metal body and a plastic stabilizer shell, which is made in the form of a glass, characterized in that the metal body of the bullet is made in the form of a mushroom shape with the open main part , which has a lively or conical or cylindrical shape, and with a tail part of a cylindrical shape, the length of the metal body of the bullet represents 80-85% of the total length of the bullet, and between the lower edge of the main hour and a metal bullet body and the upper edge of plastic obolochki- stabilizer a gap of 0.1-0.3 mm, and the surface of the metal body tail bullet is in contact with the cavity of the plastic shell stabilizer and retained via a press fit.

2. A caliber bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic shell-stabilizer is made with front and rear driving belts, and its tail is made in the form of a truncated cone.

3. The caliber bullet according to claim 1, wherein the metal body of the bullet is made of a material that has high strength, hardness and large mass and is selected from the group that includes steel, hardened steel, brass, bronze, copper, tungsten and sintered metal carbides.

4. Caliber bullet according to p. 1-3, characterized in that the plastic shell-stabilizer is made of polyformaldehyde or polymethylene oxide or polyacetal or from Teflon.