RU2512815C1 - Cartridge for smooth-bore guns - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: cartridge for smooth-bore guns includes a shell, detonating cap, projectile charge, wad and bullet. The wad features indents encasing a part of the fin together with stabilising ledges. The wad features elements gripping, centring and separating a bullet. Metal bullet has a fin with stabilising ledges, mounted on its tail. Additional part of projectile charge is placed in the shell. Additional part of projectile charge is separated from the main charge by a membrane with opening. Bullet head features cylindrical tail. The fin features cylindrical orifice and is pulled onto bullet tail.

EFFECT: increased bullet flight range.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to bullet cartridges for smoothbore guns.

Known cartridge for smoothbore guns (Patent EA 960111 A1 "Cartridge for smoothbore weapons"), which is selected for the prototype. The analogue is known (Copyright certificate No. 324468, class F42B 7/10, publ. 1971). The analogue is known (Varnakov A. Bullet Poleva. Magazine "Hunting and hunting economy", M. No. 1, 1996, p. 36-37, publ. January 1996)

The cartridge known for the prototype, as claimed, also contains a sleeve, a propelling charge, a wad having recesses for accommodating the stabilizer parts in it together with stabilizing protrusions and equipped with a bullet covering the centering separating elements made of metal with a stabilizer mounted on its shank having an opening with deaf bottom, together with stabilizing protrusions. This cartridge has a complex and unreliable design of the movable connection of the bullet with the stabilizer. The shank of the bullet is predominantly freely inserted into the blind hole of the stabilizer. To allow free movement, and then during the accelerated movement of the bullet when firing a reliable connection between the bullet and the stabilizer, a recess is made from the side of the tail of the bullet, which includes a special protrusion of the stabilizer with an interference fit. Such free movement of the elements also provides a decrease in the pressure peaks of the powder gases during firing, which makes it possible to increase the speed of the bullet by increasing the mass of the propellant charge without increasing the maximum pressure inside the barrel of the smooth-bore weapon. This complicates the design of the cartridge. Performing a recess on the pool, a protrusion on the stabilizer and a blind hole in the stabilizer complicates the manufacturing technology of the cartridge elements. Moreover, the effect obtained to reduce peak pressures as possible is not significant and insufficient for a practical increase in the speed of a bullet without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases during firing. In the prototype cartridge, the stabilizing protrusions are made at an angle to the axis of the bullet, which complicates the manufacturing technology of the cartridge elements.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design of the cartridge, reducing the dispersion of bullets and increasing the speed of the bullet by increasing the mass of the propellant charge without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases inside the barrel of a smoothbore weapon.

The task of simplifying the design of the cartridge, reducing dispersion of bullets (increasing the accuracy of the battle), eliminating ricochets of the bullet and increasing the speed of the bullet without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases is solved by the fact that in the inventive cartridge in the cartridge case an additional part of the propellant charge is separated from the main propellant charge a diaphragm with a hole, and the bullet head is made with a cylindrical tail, while the stabilizer is made with a through hole and mounted on the tail h Asti bullets with interference. For the absence of rebounds, the front end of the bullet head is made in the form of a plane perpendicular to the bullet axis. To reduce the dispersion diameter of bullets (increase the accuracy of the battle) when firing from a smoothbore weapon, the cartridge contains four centering detachable elements. To simplify the manufacturing technology of the cartridge elements, the stabilizing protrusions on the stabilizer are made along the axis of the bullet.

The figure shows a General view of the claimed cartridge in the context. The cartridge consists of a sleeve 1, a primer 2, a propellant charge 3, an additional part of a propellant charge 4, a diaphragm with a hole 5, a wad 6, a bullet 7, a stabilizer 8 together with stabilizing protrusions 9, a shank of the bullet 10, centering separating elements of the bullet 11.

The cartridge works as follows: from the strike of a shotgun, the igniter capsule of the cartridge 2 fires and the propellant 3 lights up. The pressure of the powder gases, which are released from the combustion of the propellant, starts to increase. The peak values of this pressure of the powder gases despite the absence of a shock-absorbing element in the wad 6, stabilizer 8 and bullet 7 are reduced due to the cushioning action (compression) of the additional part of the propellant charge 4, separated from the main propellant charge by the diaphragm with the hole 5. In addition, after some time when the assembly: the diaphragm with a hole 5, an additional part of the propellant charge 4, wad 6, the shock absorber 8 and the bullet 7 acquired a certain speed, an additional part of the propellant charge lights up. The burning of an additional part of the propellant charge 4, the mass of which is selected experimentally, no longer causes an increase in the maximum pressure level of the powder gases, because the bullet is already moving at a fairly high speed and the volume of the bullet space in the barrel increases sharply. When passing the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the gun and the flight of the bullet 7 in the air, the wad 6 is separated from the stabilizer 8. When flying in the air from the bullet 7 together with the stabilizer 8, since it is fitted with an interference fit on the shank of the bullet 10, four centering detachable elements are separated 11. B Further, to defeat the target, the assembly moves along the trajectory: a metal bullet 7 with a stabilizer 8 together with stabilizing protrusions 9.

The following design documentation was developed for one of the specific options for the implementation of the new cartridge design at OJSC NMZ Iskra: Hunting bullet cartridge according to the drawing TKMU 006.000, Sniper bullet according to the drawing TKMU 004.010.000, which reflects all the proposed design solutions . The material used for the hunting bullet was: steel of the grade "St.3 according to GOST 380-2005" and metal of the grade "Tungsten VA according to TU 11-77 Yae0.021.056". As a material for an armor-piercing bullet for the needs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, steel of the art. U12A according to GOST 1435-99. ”

The results of the practical implementation of the equipment of the proposed cartridge at OAO NMZ Iskra, Novosibirsk, with an analysis of ballistic parameters, confirmed the performance of the proposed cartridge design. For equipment, one of the options for the proposed cartridge caliber 12/76 was chosen. It was loaded with 12/76 caliber Nobel Sport capsule plastic shells 20 pieces of cartridges with the Sniper armor-piercing bullet (the mass of the steel part of the bullet was 23 g, the total mass of the bullet with wad, stabilizer and centering detachable elements was 29 g, the outer diameter of the steel part was 14 mm) with the following loading conditions: the mass of the metal charge 2.2 g (gunpowder Sunar 42), the mass of the additional part of the propellant charge 1.1 g (gunpowder Sunar 42). An additional part of the propellant charge is separated from the main propellant charge by a cardboard diaphragm with a central hole of 1.8 mm diameter. The outer diameter of the diaphragm is 19 mm and the thickness of the diaphragm is 1.5 mm. Igniter Capsule No. 688. Cartridge sleeves were sealed by rolling.

As a result of the firing of 20 pieces of cartridges at the PROTOTIPA-ZM ballistic complex with the measurement of the speed of the shot at a distance of 2.5 meters from the muzzle end and the pressure of the powder gases with a Kistler 6215 piezoelectric sensor at a point of 29 mm, the average speed was 576 m / s and the average the maximum pressure in the chamber is 826 bar. It is important to note that on standard cartridges at this pressure the fractional velocity will be only 470 m / s, i.e. about 23% lower. The diameter of the dispersion of bullets (an indicator of accuracy of battle) at a distance of 35 m when firing at a ballistic complex was 95 mm. Fairly good data on the value of the dispersion diameter of bullets was achieved through the use of four centering detachable elements, instead of two or three, as used in the cartridge according to the prototype. The use of four instead of two or three centering detachable elements can significantly reduce the mass of one element. Therefore, when it is separated from the bullet, the force on the bullet is reduced, which can distort its flight path.

Additionally, tests were carried out of this cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet for penetration. From a self-loading shotgun MR-153 from a distance of 5 meters, firing was carried out at the armored plate of a bulletproof vest of the 6th class. After the shot, the armor plate was pierced through.

Claims (5)

1. Cartridge for smooth-bore guns, containing a sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge, a wad having recesses for accommodating the stabilizer parts together with stabilizing protrusions and equipped with a metal bullet covering the centering separating elements, together with a stabilizer installed on its shank with stabilizing protrusions, characterized in that the sleeve contains an additional part of the propellant charge, separated from the main propellant charge by a diaphragm with a hole, Nye of the bullet is formed with a cylindrical tail portion, and the stabilizer is formed with a cylindrical bore and planted on the tail part of the bullet with an interference fit. 2. The cartridge for smoothbore guns according to claim 1, characterized in that the front end - the head of the metal bullet - is made in the form of a plane perpendicular to the axis of the bullet, which is optimal for ridding a bullet ricochet when hunting in any conditions and ridding a bullet rebound in armor-piercing design according to the requirements of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 3. The cartridge for smoothbore guns according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical hole in the stabilizer is made through. 4. The cartridge for smoothbore guns according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizing protrusions on the stabilizer are made along the axis of the bullet. 5. The cartridge for smoothbore guns according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains four centering detachable elements.