RU2608087C1 - Smooth-bore guns cartridge with destructible bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to smooth-bore guns cartridges and can be used for sport shooting on sport ranges and closed shooting ranges using bullet traps, as well as for MIA needs. Cartridge includes case, cap primer, main propellant charge, additional part of propellant charge, separated from main propellant charge by diaphragm with opening, second additional part of propellant charge, separated from additional part of propellant charge by diaphragm with opening, gas seal obturating ring and collapsing bullet with bulk powdered material, having plastic cylindrical shell with blind and open ends, through which bulk powdered material is placed inside it, and which is arranged in cartridge case with open end towards gas seal obturating ring. Collapsible bullet is made from plastic cylindrical shell, on which shell outer surface notches are made, facilitating bullet destruction, and inside of which sealing plastic thin-walled tube is arranged, which partially comes out of plastic shell and by one end thrusts directly against gas seal obturating ring, and by second end is against bulk powder material.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increase of collapsible bullet flight speed due to increased propellant charge weight without increasing gun powder gases maximum pressure inside smooth-bore weapon barrel.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to cartridges for smooth-bore guns, and can be used for sports shooting on sports stands and indoor shooting ranges using bullet catchers, as well as for the needs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Performing a bullet using bulk powder material placed in a plastic cylindrical shell allows the cartridge to be used for special tasks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, where it is necessary to shoot smooth-bore guns in closed rooms without ricochets and knock locks out of doors that people can be behind. And also for the possibility of its use in closed shooting ranges and on open shooting stands during sports shooting without wear and tear bullets.

Known cartridge for patented shotguns with a divided powder charge with a collapsing bullet, patent No. 152680, which is selected for the prototype. Known for the prototype cartridge contains a sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge, an additional part of the propellant charge separated from the main propellant charge by a diaphragm with a hole, wad and bullet shell (collapsing bullet) made of a bulk powder material placed in a plastic shell.

The disadvantages of the cartridge for smoothbore guns of the prototype are:

- low speed of the collapsing bullet, located at the level of 576 m / s;

- the design of the collapsing bullet consists of a cylindrical plastic shell, which has a blind and open end, through which powder material is placed inside. This design does not provide sealing of the powder material inside the bullet and the cartridge can be assembled only by inefficient manual labor when inserting the bullet into the sleeve from the bottom up, so that the powdery material does not spill out of the plastic shell when the cartridge is equipped;

- the plastic shell of the collapsing bullet has the same side wall thickness, i.e. in all places (it does not have special recesses that would facilitate the destruction of the bullet), which makes it difficult to destroy it when it hits an obstacle.

The objective of the invention is to increase the flight speed of a collapsing bullet by increasing the mass of the propellant charge without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases inside the barrel of a smoothbore weapon, making it possible to mass equip cartridges on an automatic line like Ramba with two powder batchers without spilling powder material from a plastic cylindrical shell and providing more easy destruction of the plastic shell of a collapsing bullet.

The technical result is an increase in the flight speed of a collapsing bullet.

The problem is solved in that the cartridge for smooth-bore guns with a collapsing bullet contains a sleeve, an igniter capsule, the main propellant charge, an additional part of the propellant charge separated from the main propellant charge by a diaphragm with a hole, wad seal and a collapsing bullet with bulk powder material having a plastic cylindrical shell with a blind and open end, through which bulk powdery material is placed inside it, and which is located in the sleeve of the open cartridge a collapsed bullet in the direction of the wad-shutter, according to the invention, the collapsing bullet is made of a plastic cylindrical shell, on the outer shell of which there are notches that contribute to the destruction of the bullet, and inside of which there is a sealing plastic thin-walled tube that partially exits the plastic shell and rests directly against one end wad seal, and the second end - in bulk powder material.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the claimed cartridge in the context. The cartridge consists of: a sleeve 1, a primer-igniter 2, a main propellant charge 3, an additional part of the propellant charge 4, two diaphragms with an opening 5, a second additional part of the propellant charge 6, wad-shutter 7, a sealing thin-walled plastic tube 8, a plastic cylindrical shell 9, bulk powder material 10 and the metal base of the sleeve 11. Between the wad-seal 7 and the thin-walled plastic stopper 8, an air cavity 12 is formed.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of a collapsing bullet. The collapsing bullet consists of: a plastic cylindrical shell 9 with notches 13 to provide easier destruction of the plastic cylindrical shell, a sealing thin-walled plastic tube 8 and bulk powder material 10.

In this design of the cartridge, as well as in the prototype, not only a certain time delay of ignition of the additional part of the blizzard charge 4 is provided, which allows to increase the total mass of the propellant charge and the flight speed of the bullet shell to a certain limit, but also provides the maximum time delay of ignition of the second additional part of the propellant charge 6 with respect to the time of ignition of the main propellant charge 3, which allows you to increase the speed of the bullet projectile to the prototype due to a more complete filling of the pressure-time diagram when fired.

In addition, this embodiment of the cartridge in comparison with the prototype provides reliable sealing of bulk powdery material inside a collapsing bullet during storage, during transportation of cartridges, and during firing, since the wad-seal 7 constantly presses the sealing plastic thin-walled tube and pre-presses the bulk powder powder, preventing it from spilling out of a collapsing bullet. It is important to note that the prepressing of the cartridge begins already at the moment of equipping the cartridge when sealing the cartridge case by the rolling method.

The cartridge works as follows: from the strike of a shotgun, the igniter capsule of the cartridge 2 fires and the main propellant charge 3 lights up. The pressure of the powder gases released from the combustion of the main propellant charge begins to increase. The peak values of this pressure of the powder gases despite the absence of a cushioning element in the wad-shutter 7 are reduced due to the cushioning action (compression) of additional parts of the propellant charge 4 and 6, separated from the main propellant charge 3 by diaphragms with a hole 5.

In addition, after some time, when the assembly: a diaphragm with a hole 5, an additional part of the propellant charge 4, a second additional part of the propellant charge 6, wad-sealer 7, a sealing plastic thin-walled tube 8, a plastic cylindrical shell 9, bulk powder material 10 acquired a certain speed, an additional part of the propellant charge 4 lights up, and then after a while - the second additional part of the propellant charge 6. Burning of the additional part of the propellant charge 4 and second A swarm of an additional part of the propellant charge 6, the mass of which is selected experimentally, no longer causes an increase in the maximum pressure level of the powder gases, because the assembly is already moving at a fairly high speed and the volume of the bullet-free space in the barrel increases sharply. When passing the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the gun and flying in the air, the wad-shutter 7 is separated from the collapsing bullet, consisting of a sealing plastic thin-walled tube 8, a plastic cylindrical shell 9 and bulk powder material 10.

In the future, a collapsing bullet makes an autonomous flight to the target. The cartridges, known for the prototype with an additional part of the propellant charge, separated from the main diaphragm with a hole, can be massively equipped on an automatic line such as Ramba equipped with two gunpowder dispensers. The cartridges of the present invention can be massively equipped on automatic lines such as Ramba with two gunpowder dispensers when loading capsule shells into the hopper, in which there is already a main propellant charge, covered with a diaphragm with a small diameter hole, through which gunpowder cannot spill out at any position of the cartridge case. In this case, the diaphragm must be securely fixed inside the sleeve, which was impossible to ensure in the design of the cartridge, known for the prototype.

For reliable fastening of the diaphragms in the new proposed cartridge, they are made with a diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm larger than the inner diameter of the sleeve. And the diaphragm adjacent to the main propellant charge is installed in the cavity of the sleeve either blocked by a metal base or in a place at a distance of not more than 1.5 mm from the edge of the metal base. Due to the fact that industry produces sleeves with different heights of the metal base, for the proposed cartridge, a sleeve is selected that, due to the height of the metal base, ensures that the main propelling charge is placed inside the sleeve cavity, covered by a metal base, or protrudes from it to a height not more than 1.5 mm. The implementation of diaphragms with an allowance of less than 0.2 mm does not provide the required degree of expansion of the liner wall, and when performing diaphragms with an allowance of greater than 0.4 mm, excessive spacing and undesirable deformation of the structure occur, which leads to unreliability of the structure and the inability to ensure assembly automation cartridges.

To perform the effect of interference fitting the diaphragms inside the cavity of the sleeve, it is made either of cardboard or elastic plastic. The equipment of the proposed cartridge on modern automatic lines such as Ramba with two gunpowder dispensers is carried out in the following way. On a separate automated equipment, they are cut out of cardboard or cast from elastic plastic diaphragms with a small diameter hole. Also, on automated equipment, the main propellant charges on which the diaphragms are added are encapsulated in capsule shells. The main propellant is blown with a diaphragm with a hole. In this case, the diaphragms are wedged securely inside the cavity of the sleeve covered by a metal base, or inside the cavity in close proximity to the edge of the metal base. After that, the cartridges with the main propelling charge can be placed in the hopper of any automatic line of the Ramba type, equipped with two gunpowder dispensers, and the process of loading bullet cartridges is in normal mode.

For experimental verification of the health of the proposed cartridge was selected plastic capsule sleeve caliber 12/76 company Sheddit France with the CX-2000 primer, having a height of the metal base of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 18.7 mm. The main propellant charge from the Sokol gunpowder (mass 1.1 g) was poured into these shells. This volume of the main propellant charge was completely placed in the cavity of the sleeve covered by a metal base 16 mm high. A cardboard diaphragm with an outer diameter of 19 mm was inserted on top of the main propelling charge. The holes in the diaphragms had a diameter of 1.8 mm. After this, the sleeves prepared in this way can be placed in a bunker of modern automatic equipment such as Ramba with two powder dispensers, and the process of equipping cartridges with an additional part of the propellant charge, with a diaphragm with a hole and a second additional part of the propellant charge will occur automatically.

For ballistic tests of the proposed cartridge, twenty pieces of 12/76 caliber cartridges were manually equipped with a cartridge termination using the rolling method with the following loading conditions:

- encapsulated sleeve of caliber 12/76 with a height of a metal base of 16 mm with a CX-2000 igniter capsule;

- Falcon gunpowder (mass 1.1 g) for the main propellant charge;

- a cardboard diaphragm 1.5 mm thick with an outer diameter of 19 mm and a hole with a diameter of 1.8 mm;

- gunpowder Vectan AS (weight 1.0 g) for an additional part of the propellant charge;

- a cardboard diaphragm 1.5 mm thick with an outer diameter of 19 mm and a hole with a diameter of 1.8 mm;

- gunpowder Vectan AS (weight 0.9 g) for the second additional part of the propellant charge;

- plastic wad seal:

- a plastic cylindrical shell with notches that contribute to the destruction of the shell (weight 2 g);

- tungsten powder (weight 20 g);

- sealing plastic thin-walled sample (weight 0.9 g).

The total mass of the propellant charge is 3.0 g. The total mass of the collapsing bullet is 22.9 g.

As a result of the firing of 20 pieces of cartridges according to the invention from a MP-153 self-loading rifle with a measurement of flight speed at a distance of 2.5 meters from the muzzle end, an average speed of 632 m / s was obtained. The kinetic energy of the bullet is 4573 J. The maximum pressure of the operational cartridges did not exceed the strength of the MP-153 gun, i.e. there was no more than 1050 bar. At the same time, as a result of the firing of 20 pieces of 12/76 caliber cartridges (the total mass of the propellant charge is 3.3 g), known for the prototype with a similar MP-153 self-loading rifle bullet with a measurement of the speed of the shot at a distance of 2.5 meters from the muzzle chronograph cutoff, a value of 576 m / s is obtained. An analysis of the obtained experimental data shows that the bullet speed in the proposed cartridge at almost the same maximum pressure (both levels of maximum pressure correspond to the strength of the MP-153 self-loading rifle, i.e. all 12/76 caliber rifles) increased by 10%, which is significant . In addition, in the prototype cartridge, where the maximum ignition delay of parts of the propellant charge was not applied, one slowly burning powder of Sunar 42 (weight 3.3 g) was used. And in the proposed cartridge due to the use of the maximum ignition delay of the propellant parts for the additional parts of the propellant charge, the quick-burning gunpowder Vectan AS manufactured by Nobel Sport France is used.

In addition, the cartridges equipped according to the invention were made from a distance of 2.5 m, their shotguns MP-153 were fired at a steel plate (steel grade - steel 3) with a thickness of 4 mm. A destructive bullet pierces through this plate and collapses after breaking through the plate. With such shooting there is no danger of ricochet of a collapsing bullet and there is minimal danger for people outside the door when knocking out a lock. It is important to note that it was experimentally established that with a muzzle energy of a collapsing bullet of 3360 J, it pierces a steel plate (steel grade - steel 3) with a thickness of 3 mm, but cannot penetrate a plate with a thickness of 4 mm. It is important to note that the high-speed bullet cartridge according to the invention is a dual-use solution and can be used both for the production of hunting cartridges and in the manufacture of special cartridges for the needs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. For example, an SVD rifle bullet has a muzzle kinetic energy of 4064 J, a collapsing bullet in the proposed cartridge has a muzzle kinetic energy of 4573 J, i.e. 12% higher.

Claims (1)

Cartridge for smoothbore guns with a collapsing bullet, containing a sleeve, an igniter capsule, the main propellant charge, an additional part of the propellant charge separated by a diaphragm with a hole, a second additional part of the propellant charge separated from the additional part of the propellant charge by a diaphragm with a hole, wad - obturator and collapsing bullet with bulk powder material having a plastic cylindrical shell with a blind and open end, through which into bulk powder material is placed in it, and which is located in the cartridge sleeve with an open end towards the wad-seal, characterized in that the collapsing bullet is made of a plastic cylindrical shell, on the outer surface of the shell of which there are notches that contribute to the destruction of the bullet, and inside of which there is a sealing a thin-walled plastic cork, which partially exits the plastic shell and abuts directly against the wad-seal, with one end, and the bulk pore with the other end error-shaped material.

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