RU2701658C1 - Bullet "squall" and cartridge for smooth-bore weapons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition. Bullet "Squall" calibrated axisymmetric drop-shaped shape of pointer type stabilization is made composite of two separate parts: monolithic head part of radius, or cone, or flat-end shape, made from ductile lead alloy, and tail part with span of empennage of stabilizer, making 1.00–1.003 of barrel channel diameter, adapted for formation of permanent connection between them due to sampling – collapse of shock-absorbing gap with formation of single axisymmetric aerodynamic body of drop-shaped shape with bullet "Squall", which area of midsection is equal to 0.6–0.7 of cross-section area of barrel channel of smooth-bore weapon, from which it is fired, is without obturations on head and tail parts, and has full length L of order of 2.0–3.5 of channel diameter barrel. Head part of bullet has: from front part of expansive recess and from rear part cylindrical shank for connection with tail part of bullet. On cylindrical surface of bullet head part at distance of "α", Approximately, 4 mm, from the end there is ledge with height of 0.1–0.2 mm to create shock-absorbing gap and increasing strength of connection of bullet elements during firing. Outer surface of bullet head part is smooth, its diameter is 0.70–0.82 of bore of barrel of smooth-bore weapon, from which it is fired. On external surface of head part bullets are arranged at angle 6–10° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet centering ribs in number of not less than six, in section rectangular, or trapezoidal, or semicircular with length of ribs not less, than 0.6 diameter of barrel bore and with span of ribs 1.00–1.003 of barrel channel diameter. Tail stabilizer part of bullet, which has obturator belt, is formed by cylinder of coupling with bullet tail, having hollow tapered cone, outside of which at angle of 6–10° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet there are fins of empennage of the stabilizer in amount of not less than six and with length of not less than 0.8 diameters of the barrel bore wherein on inner surface of coupling cylinder at depth "α", approximately, 4 mm, there is ledge with height of 0.1–0.2 mm to create shock-absorbing gap before shooting and sampling of this gap with higher strength of connection of bullet elements during firing. Tail stabilizer part of the bullet at the end opposite to the head part of the bullet has a cylindrical projection for connection of the bullet to the obturator wad of the cartridge equipped with this bullet. A cartridge for a smooth-bore weapon comprises an encapsulated case, a powder charge, an obturator wad and the above bullet. One of the versions of the bullets "Squall" design is a short-length bullet.

EFFECT: invention allows increasing range, as well as accuracy and accuracy of firing.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ammunition. In particular, bullets of caliber and bullet cartridges for smooth-bore weapons and can be used for firing smooth-bore weapons (including those with a large muzzle narrowing of the barrel) and serves to hit a target at a long distance.

Ammunition for smooth-bore weapons with caliber bullets of a shooting range are known, such as: with Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, Witzleben, Brenneke, Yakan, Vyatka bullets containing a massive warhead and a stabilizing skirt-obturator tightly connected to it (Trofimov V.N., Trofimov A. B. Modern hunting ammunition for smooth-bore weapons. Bullets. Bullet cartridges. Handbook. - M.: House of the Ruchenkin, 2007).

The disadvantage of these ammunition with caliber bullets is the lack of strict alignment of the bullet body with the obturating skirt-stabilizer and the significant inhibitory effect of the developed skirt-stabilizer on the flight path of the bullet. In addition, these bullets are caliber and their mid-sectional area is equal to the cross-sectional area of the barrel of a smoothbore weapon from which it is fired. In this regard, these bullets have low values of the ballistic coefficient and quickly lose speed when moving along a ballistic trajectory in the air. This makes it impossible to use them for long-range firing (100-150) m.

Known subcaliber bullet and bullet cartridge for shotguns according to the patent with this bullet according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2537016, in which to increase the initial flight speed of the bullet a powder charge divided into parts was used. The disadvantage of the bullet according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2537016 is the complexity of its design and the presence of four parts in it, the manufacture of which is not technologically advanced, since it requires expensive equipment for the manufacture. The side surface of the bullet is oversaturated with large elements that prevent the formation of a laminar layer of continuous flow around the side surface of the bullet and the associated significant losses in the eddy-wave flow. In addition, this bullet does not have a cushioning gap, which makes it possible to reduce the peak pressure of the powder gases when fired in cartridges by the generally accepted design of the powder charge without dividing the powder charge into parts. This bullet and cartridge are similar.

One of the analogues of the present invention is also a cartridge for smooth-bore weapons with a “BBOO-I” bullet (with a Ilyin bullet) (Trofimov V.N., Trofimov A.V. Modern hunting ammunition for smooth-bore weapons. Bullets. Bullet cartridges. Reference. - M .: Dom Ruchenkin, 2007), the bullet of which consists of two parts: a monolithic head part of a cylindrical shape with centering rectangular ribs on the body of the bullet and a centering girdle on the end of the bullet adjacent to the skirt, as well as a feathered plastic skirt rigidly fastened to the body of the bullet. -stab an irrigation device, and on the side of the bullet body on the stabilizer skirt there is a belt-element of a push type pallet. However, the specified ammunition is characterized by unsatisfactory combat accuracy associated with the underdevelopment of the working surfaces of the plumage of the stabilizing skirt-obturator, and the unpredictability of the deformation of the weak obturating skirt belt under the influence of the shock pressure of the powder gases arising during the shot (inertial overloads from the full mass of the bullet body), which is inherent all known types of ammunition with a push-pull obturator / wad-pan.

The closest technical solution to the present invention is the bullet "Butterfly combined" and cartridge for smooth-bore weapons "according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2465544, which are selected for the prototype. This bullet is a gauge arrow type of stabilization and is made up of two separate parts: a monolithic head part made of a plastic lead alloy and a tail support and stabilizing part made of polymer material, with the formation of an integral connection between them at the time of the shot and the formation of a single an aerodynamic body of a stepped drop-shaped form. The bullet head is formed by sequential conjugation of a hemispherical blunted head fairing, a cylindrical bullet body containing a thin-walled shirt with an end stop in the form of two truncated cones with an opening angle of the cones at an apex of 60-120 ° in the tail of the outer surface of the bullet and the central rod of the bullet head located on the axis of the bullet in the center of a blind cylindrical cavity. The tail of the bullet is formed by a cylinder for mating the tail with the head, the tail of the obturation belt and the adjacent hollow bullet stabilizer with developed plumage.

The caliber bullet “Butterfly combined” in the initial state before firing due to the special design of the head and tail connection has a shock-absorbing gap, which provides a decrease in the rate of increase of pressure of the powder gases when fired by a cartridge equipped with this bullet. The design of this bullet provides the minimum impact of random disturbance of the pulse from a stream of gases flowing from the barrel, due to the fact that in the cartridge with this bullet there are no elements detachable from the bullet, such as, for example, the well-known “BFS” bullet invented by J.K. Sauvestre. The cartridge with the Butterfly Combined bullet contains a sleeve, an igniter capsule, a powder charge and the aforementioned bullet placed in the cartridge sleeve by immersion of the stabilizer directly in the powder charge.

The disadvantage of the prototype known bullet is the complexity of its design and high aerodynamic drag of the bullet on the flight path due to the fact that there is a compaction of the air environment, which affects the entire development of the obturating surface of the bullet, the maximum area of which is almost equal to the area of the barrel. Due to this, the prototype bullet has a low ballistic coefficient.

The disadvantage of the bullet is the fact that the ammunition equipment with the “Butterfly Combined” bullet according to the prototype on high-speed automatic lines for the equipment of cartridges is impossible because of the need for the developed tail stabilizing tail unit of the bullet, which has a large volume, to be immersed into the powder charge to a great depth. This method of equipment on existing high-speed lines of equipment for cartridges for smooth-bore weapons is in principle impossible.

Previous experience in the development of bullets for smooth-bore weapons and calculations using a ballistic calculator //bahing.hut2.ru/index.html// showed that increasing the value of the ballistic coefficient of a bullet increases the persistence of the trajectory of the bullet and the range of a direct shot. The value of the ballistic coefficient for bullets similar is almost proportional to the lateral load of the bullet (the ratio of the mass of the bullet to the area of its mid-section). It follows that for a given bullet weight, the prototype bullet design has the lowest ballistic coefficient, since its midsection section area completely covers the entire barrel area and is the maximum possible. For example, the famous "Nitrogen" bullet has a ballistic coefficient of 0.033; the Vyatka bullet is 0.040 and the Gualandi Gualbo Steel is 0.035. Calculations performed using these values of the ballistic coefficient show that these bullets at the same initial velocity of 450 m / s have low flight speeds of 100 m. For the Azot bullet, the flight speed per 100 m is 225 m / s; for the Vyatka bullet - 247 m / s and for the Gualandi Gualbo Steel bullet - 231 m / s.

The present invention, which eliminates these drawbacks noted in the prototype and in most existing bullets, is the creation of a bullet for ammunition smooth-bore weapons to improve their technical characteristics: increasing the ballistic coefficient of the bullet, functional reliability and combat effectiveness, namely:

- increase the accuracy and accuracy of the battle;

- reducing the aerodynamic losses of the bullet through the use of smooth aerodynamic contours of the bullet, which are close to optimal in the field of supersonic and transonic speeds;

- increasing the stability of the bullet on the trajectory due to the use of a more effective form of the head and tail parts of the bullet;

- an increase in the kinetic energy of the bullet both the muzzle and the target by increasing the value of the ballistic coefficient;

- the range of a direct shot of a cartridge with a new bullet by increasing the value of the ballistic coefficient of the bullet;

- the creation of a bullet and cartridge design that provides the ability to equip ammunition on high-speed automatic ammunition equipment lines for smooth-bore weapons without restructuring production, as well as the ability to fire from any kind of smooth-bore hunting rifles, from fully rifled barrel “slugsters” and from threaded nozzles of the “ paradox".

- expanding the arsenal of bullets for smoothbore weapons, since the effectiveness of their use has not lost their relevance at present and their further improvement is beyond doubt.

The problem was solved by creating the design of the caliber bullet "Flurry" arrow type stabilization, containing the head and tail with a given relative position of its structural elements, characterized in that:

- a bullet made up of two separate parts: a monolithic warhead made of a plastic lead alloy, and a tail support and stabilizing part made of polymer material, adapted to form an integral connection between them either at the time of the shot or during axial compression of the bullet before equipment into a cartridge with the formation of a single aerodynamic body of a drop-shaped shape, the mid-sectional area of which is (0.6-0.7) the cross-sectional area of the barrel bore of a smooth-bore ruzhiya from which it is fired, and at the same time:

- the head of the bullet has a radial, or conical, or flat-end shape and a cylindrical shank for connection with the supporting-guide stabilizing part. On the cylindrical surface of the shank at a distance "α" from the end there is a ledge with a height of (0.1-0.2) mm to create a cushioning gap of approximately 4 mm long and to increase the strength of the bullet elements connection during the shot;

- the head of the bullet has an expansive recess;

- the outer surface of the bullet head is smooth, and its maximum diameter is (0.70-0.82) the diameter of the barrel bore of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired;

- the total length of the bullet is (2.0-3.5) the diameter of the barrel;

- on the outer surface of the head of the bullet, the centering ribs in the section are rectangular or trapezoidal or semicircular with a length of at least 0.6 barrel diameter and a span of 1.00-1.003 barrel diameter, which ensure strict alignment of the bullet when moving it in barrel barrel smooth-bore weapons;

- the tail supporting and guiding stabilizing part of the bullet that does not have an obturation belt is formed by a mating cylinder with a shank of the bullet having a hollow conical fairing, on the outside of which at least 6 stabilizer feathers are placed at an angle of 6-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet. The length of the plumage blades is at least 0.75 of the diameter of the bore. On the inner surface of the mating cylinder at a depth of “α” (approximately 4 mm) there is a ledge with a height of (0.1-0.2) mm for the possibility of creating a cushioning gap before the shot and sampling (collapsing) this gap with an increase in the strength of the head and tail parts of a bullet either during a shot, or during axial compression of a bullet before equipment into a cartridge with the formation of a single aerodynamic body of a droplet shape.

- the tail supporting-guiding stabilizing part of the bullet at the end opposite from the head part of the bullet has a cylindrical protrusion for connecting the bullet to the wad-seal of the cartridge equipped with this bullet;

- when the cartridge is equipped, the head and tail supporting and guiding stabilizing part of the bullet pre-connected together is placed in the cartridge sleeve with the insertion of a cylindrical protrusion with a small effort (3-6) kg into a special central blind hole of the wad-seal, which is made of polymer material and previously placed on a powder charge. The wad-shutter is made with an obturating skirt and has a blind cylindrical recess for docking it with a bullet with a force of (3-6) kg;

- either when the cartridge is equipped with a warhead pre-connected together, a tail support-guide stabilizing part of the bullet and a wad-seal, made of polymer material, are placed on the powder charge. The wad-shutter is made with an obturating skirt and has a central cylindrical blind cavity for docking it with a bullet with a force of (3-6) kg;

- structural elements of the bullet are interconnected. Such an arrangement of these elements of the bullet, as well as the relationship between these elements, provide reliable stability and stabilization of the flight of the bullet when it leaves the barrel of a smooth-bore weapon, and throughout the flight path in the air, avoiding the occurrence of yaw and pitch of the bullet. Due to this, the range, accuracy of hit and the effectiveness of hitting the target also increase. When it hits the target, the bullet penetrates with sharp braking. Due to this, inertial forces arise that crush and partially destroy the bullet head, which further increases the damaging effect of the bullet.

The task was also solved by creating a cartridge for a smoothbore weapon containing a powder charge placed in an encapsulated sleeve, a wad seal and a calibrated bullet equipped with a centering and stabilizing system, characterized in that:

- as a bullet contains a bullet arrow type stabilization made of two separate parts: a monolithic head part made of a plastic lead alloy, and a tail support and stabilizing part made of a polymer material, adapted to form an integral connection between them with the formation of a single a droplet-shaped aerodynamic body, either during a shot or during axial compression of a bullet before equipment in a cartridge, and in this case:

- this bullet is a composite of two separate parts: a monolithic head part made of ductile lead alloy and a tail support and stabilizing part made of polymer material, adapted to form an integral connection between them with the formation of a single aerodynamic body in a droplet shape or at the moment shot, or with axial compression of the bullet in front of the equipment in the cartridge, the mid-section of which is 0.6-0.7 cross-sectional area of the barrel smooth-bore weapons from which it is fired, and at the same time:

- the head of the bullet has a radial, or conical, or flat-end shape and a cylindrical shank for connection with the supporting-guide stabilizing part. On the cylindrical surface of the shank at a distance from the end there is a ledge with a height of (0.1-0.2) mm to create a cushioning gap and increase the strength of the connection of the bullet elements either during the shot or during axial compression of the bullet before the equipment in the cartridge;

- the head of the bullet has an expansive recess;

- the outer surface of the head of the bullet is made smooth, is (0.70-0.82) of the diameter of the barrel bore of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired;

- the total length of the bullet is (2.0-3.5) the diameter of the barrel;

- on the outer surface of the head part of the bullet, centering ribs are placed at an angle of 6-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet in an amount of at least six, rectangular or trapezoidal or semicircular in cross section with a length of at least 0.6 barrel diameter and a span of 1.00-1.003 diameter the barrel channel, which ensure strict alignment of the bullet when moving it in the barrel of a smoothbore weapon;

- the tail supporting-guiding stabilizing part of the bullet is formed by a mating cylinder with the shank of the bullet having a hollow conical fairing, on the outside of which at least 6 stabilizer feathers are placed at an angle of 6-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet. The length of the plumage blades is at least 0.75 of the diameter of the bore. On the inner surface of the mating cylinder at a depth of “α” (approximately 4 mm) there is a ledge with a height of (0.1-0.2) mm for the possibility of creating a cushioning gap before starting a shot and selecting this gap with an increase in the bond strength of bullet elements or during a shot , or with axial compression of the bullet in front of the equipment in the cartridge;

- the tail supporting-guiding stabilizing part of the bullet at the end opposite from the head part of the bullet has a cylindrical protrusion for connecting the bullet to the wad-obturator when the cartridge is equipped;

- when the cartridge is equipped, the head and tail support and guide stabilizing part of the bullet that are previously connected together is placed in the cartridge sleeve with the insertion of a cylindrical protrusion into a special central cylindrical blind hole of the wad-seal, which is made of polymer material and previously placed on the powder charge. The wad wiper is made with an obturating skirt and has a recess for docking it with a small effort (3-6) kg with the “Flurry” bullet;

- either when the cartridge is equipped with a warhead pre-connected together, a tail support-guiding stabilizing part of the bullet and a wad-seal are placed on the powder charge.

The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 - cartridge for smooth-bore weapons, according to the invention equipped with a barrage “Flurry”: A - longitudinal, side of the powder charge; B is a view with a conditionally removed side wall of the cartridge case; FIG. 2-bullet Flurry "according to the invention; FIG. 3 - wad seal according to the invention; FIG. 4 cartridge for smooth-bore weapons, according to the invention, equipped with the Flurry bullet (shortened bullet); FIG. 5 - Flurry bullet ”(Shortened bullet) according to the invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the equipped cartridge contains: encapsulated sleeve 1; powder charge 2; wad-shutter 3 and caliber bullet 4 "Flurry".

As shown in FIG. 2, a bullet 4 “Flurry” of length L contains the head part 5; tail portion 6; expansive cavity 7; centering ribs 8; shank of the head part 9; hollow conical fairing 10; plumage blades 11; a cylindrical protrusion 12, a cushioning gap α; the Central cylindrical protrusion on the hollow conical fairing 13.

As shown in FIG. 3, the obturator 3 comprises a central cylindrical cavity 14 for accommodating therein a cylindrical protrusion of the hollow cowl.

As shown in FIG. 4, the equipped cartridge contains: equipped cartridge with a divided powder charge contains: encapsulated sleeve 1; the first part of the powder charge 2A; the second part of the powder charge 2b; wad-shutter 3 and caliber bullet "Flurry" (Bullet shortened) 4.

As shown in FIG. 5, bullet 4 “Flurry” (Shortened bullet) of length Li contains the head part 5; tail portion 6; expansive cavity 7; centering ribs 8; shank of the head part 9; hollow conical fairing 10; plumage blades 11; a cylindrical protrusion 12, a cushioning gap α; the Central cylindrical protrusion on the hollow conical fairing 13.

Currently, drawings have been developed for the proposed “Flurry” bullet with a shock-absorbing gap and a compressed “Flurry” bullet without a shock-absorbing gap (shortened bullet) having a total weight of 33.6 g (32 g head, 1.6 g tail), and on wad-seal, having a mass of 1.3 g

The cartridge and bullet caliber "Flurry" with a shock-absorbing gap of length "α" work as follows:

In a matter of milliseconds of impact of the striker of the trigger mechanism of the gun on the capsule, the initiating composition of the capsule and the powder charge 2 from it ignite (see Fig. 1), and with it the initial pressure surge in the charging chamber, which entails the selection (collapse) of the shock-absorbing clearance length "α" at the "Flurry" bullet.

Due to the significant inertial mass of the bullet 4, the initial increase in the volume of the projectile space occurs mainly due to the selection (collapse) of the cushioning gap “α”. This increase in the volume of the projectile space and allows you to increase the mass of the powder charge to increase the initial velocity of the bullet without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases during the shot. At this time, a reliable one-piece connection of the head and tail parts of the bullet occurs.

A further increase in the projectile space occurs only due to the movement of the bullet 4 in the direction of the muzzle of the barrel. Acceleration of the bullet 4 in the barrel is provided by the pressure of the powder gases, which is transmitted to the bullet through the wad-seal. The wad-shutter design ensures reliable interaction with the hollow conical fairing of the tail of the bullet, while ensuring the impossibility of destruction or collapse of any elements of the Flurry bullet.

A cartridge with a separated powder charge and a caliber bullet “Flurry” (shortened bullet) work without a shock-absorbing gap as follows:

In a matter of milliseconds of impact of the striker of the trigger mechanism of the gun on the capsule, the initiating composition of the capsule ignites and from it the first part of the powder charge 2a (see Fig. 4), but since not all of the powder charge is ignited, but only part of it is the amplitude of the initial pressure surge in the charge camor decreases. The peak values of this pressure of the powder gases despite the absence of a cushioning gap in the composition of the bullet 4 are reduced due to the cushioning action (compression) of the additional part of the propellant charge 2b, separated from the first part of the powder charge by a diaphragm with a hole 5. In addition, after a while, when the assembly : the diaphragm with a hole 5, the second part of the powder charge 2b, wad 6, wad shock absorber 3 and bullet 4 have acquired a certain speed, an additional part of the propellant charge lights up. The burning of the second part of the powder charge 2b, the mass of which is selected experimentally, no longer causes an increase in the maximum pressure level of the powder gases, because the bullet 4 is already moving at a sufficiently high speed and the volume of the projectile space in the barrel increases sharply.

This allows you to increase the mass of the powder charge to increase the initial velocity of the bullet without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases when fired when a shortened bullet is used (see Fig. 5). The use of a shortened bullet having a length of approximately 4 mm less compared to a bullet with a shock-absorbing gap expands the range of cartridges equipped according to the invention.

When passing the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the gun and the flight of the bullet 4 in the air, the wad-sealer 3 is easily and quickly separated from the hollow conical fairing 10 by the pressure of the incoming air flow. In the future, one bullet flies along the trajectory to hit the target 4. When it moves along the trajectory, any random disturbances of the bullet’s flight at relatively small moments of inertia relative to its main axes with the compact head part 5 and the lightened tail part 6 are quickly compensated by the developed working surfaces of the plumage blades 11. Since this bullet has a high calculated value of the ballistic coefficient of 0.063, which, for example, is twice as high as that of the "Azot" bullet, it can more accurately and more powerfully Press targets over long distances. Currently in Russia there are high-speed lines of equipment for cartridges with a divided charge in automatic mode. The flight path of the Flurry bullet was calculated by the Flow Vision program - ballistics calculation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlzmzvosHXo). Calculations show that during the flight of the “Flurry” bullet on a trajectory in the air, installed at a small angle to its longitudinal axis of the plumage blade 11 is fast enough:

- inform bullet 4 of a small angular velocity of rotation, insufficient for gyroscopic stabilization, but quite acceptable to compensate for errors in the aerodynamic shape and axial imbalance of the center of mass of the bullet 4;

- reduce the constant lateral withdrawal of the bullet 4 from the trajectory without significant loss of muzzle energy of the bullet;

- dampen random vibrations of the bullet axis relative to its center of mass arising from the action of random disturbances: asymmetries of the gas flow at the bore of the barrel, atmospheric inhomogeneities, pressure pulsations behind the front of the shock wave, as well as small obstacles - grass, small branches.

In addition, the calculations performed for the Shkval bullet using a ballistic coefficient value of 0.063 show that at an initial speed of 450 m / s it has a 100 m flight speed of 286 m / s. This provides damage energy per 100 m compared to the “Azot”, “Vyatka” and “Gualandi Gualbo Steel” bullets almost 2 times.

In terms of application, the proposed design of the bullet and cartridge positively proved itself when the target is hidden by shrubs, tall grass, reeds and tree branches. When hunting, it has the necessary accuracy even at the maximum firing distances of 100-150 m. In terms of slaughter and firing accuracy, the Flurry bullet surpasses the identified analogues. This invention is made from domestic materials and on existing equipment, in addition, the proposed “Shkval” bullet and the bullet cartridge with it are intended for possible charging on existing high-speed lines of cartridge plants without restructuring the equipment. The use of this invention in production allows to achieve the technical effect of the invention specified in the task, which meets the criterion of "industrial level and applicability".

Claims (4)

1. A bullet gauge, drop-shaped arrow-type stabilization, containing a monolithic head part of a radius, or cone, or plane-end shape, made of plastic lead alloy, and a tail part with a tail of the stabilizer of 1.00-1.003 of the barrel bore diameter, adapted to form between them one-piece connection due to sampling - collapse of the cushioning gap with the formation of a single axisymmetric aerodynamic body of a drop-shaped shape, characterized in that the bullet, the midship area the cross-section of which is 0.6-0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the barrel bore of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired, made without obturation belts on the head and tail parts and has a total length of the order of 2.0-3.5 barrel diameter, and the bullet head has: from the front of the expansive recess and from the rear of the cylindrical shank for connection with the tail of the bullet; on the cylindrical surface of the shank of the head of the bullet at a distance of α, approximately 4 mm, from the end there is a ledge with a height of 0.1-0.2 mm to create a cushioning gap and increase the strength of the connection of the bullet elements during the shot; the outer surface of the bullet head is smooth, its diameter is 0.70-0.82 of the diameter of the barrel bore of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired; centering ribs in an amount of at least six are placed on the outer surface of the bullet’s head part at an angle of 6–10 ° to the bullet’s longitudinal axis, rectangular or trapezoidal or semicircular in cross section with a length of at least 0.6 barrel diameter and a span of 1.00-1.003 barrel bore diameter; the tail support and stabilizing part of the bullet that does not have an obturation belt is formed by a mating cylinder with a shank of the bullet having a hollow conical fairing, on the outside of which at least 6-10 ° stabilizer tail blades are placed at an angle of 6-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet and not less than In this case, 0.8 of the barrel bore diameter on the inner surface of the mating cylinder at a depth of α, approximately 4 mm, there is a step 0.1-0.2 mm high for the possibility of creating a shock-absorbing gap before the shot and firing this gap with increasing the strength of the connection elements of the bullet during the shot; the tail support and stabilizing part of the bullet at the end opposite the bullet head has a cylindrical protrusion for joining the bullet with the wad-seal of the cartridge with conical and cylindrical complementary surfaces with a small assembly effort of 3-6 kg. 2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a reduced length by the value of the cushioning gap α, approximately 4 mm, i.e. shortened bullet. 3. A cartridge for smooth-bore weapons containing a powder charge placed in an encapsulated sleeve, a wad-seal and a bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that when the cartridge is equipped, the head and tail support and guide stabilizing part of the bullet are pre-mounted together in the cartridge sleeve with insertion with a small effort of 3-6 kg of a cylindrical protrusion into the central blind hole of the wad-obturator, which is made of polymer material and previously placed in a capsular sleeve on a powder charge; or when the cartridge is equipped with a bullet and a wad-sealer, pre-assembled together, by putting on a wad-sealer with a small force of 3-6 kg on the cylindrical protrusion of the tail of the bullet, they are placed in a capsular sleeve on a powder charge. 4. A cartridge for a smooth-bore weapon, containing a powder charge placed in an encapsulated sleeve, a wad seal and a bullet shortened in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the powder charge is divided into two parts by a diaphragm with a hole of approximately 1.8 mm diameter, with this outer diameter of the diaphragm is 1.02-1.04 of the diameter of the bore; when the cartridge is equipped, the head and tail support and guide stabilizing part of the bullet that are previously connected together is placed in the cartridge sleeve with a small effort of 3-6 kg of a cylindrical protrusion inserted into the central blind hole of the wad-seal, which is made of polymer material and previously placed in the encapsulated sleeve on powder charge; or when the cartridge is equipped with a bullet and a wad-sealer, pre-assembled together, by putting on a wad-sealer with a small force of 3-6 kg on the cylindrical protrusion of the tail of the bullet, they are placed in a capsular sleeve on a powder charge.

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