RU2465543C1 - "non-wad butterfly" bullet and cartridge for smooth-bore weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: cartridge comprises a case, an igniting facility, a powder charge and a calibre bullet of arrow type of stabilisation. The bullet comprises a head and a tail parts. The bullet is arranged as monolithic in the form of a solid of revolution having a stepped-spindle shape. The head part is formed by serial coupling of a hemispherical head fairing, a cylindrical bullet body and a head and main stops. The tail part comprises a stabiliser adjoining the main obturator belt and having three empennage blades. The alignment system of the bullet is formed by combination of cylindrical surfaces of the obturation belts and peripheral surfaces of the bullet head part stabiliser blades. The obturator system of the bullet is arranged of pulling type and is formed by combination of cylindrical surfaces of the main and head obturator belts. The bullet length makes 1.9-2.2 of the diameter of the cylindrical bullet body. The diameter of the cylindrical body of the head part makes 0.75-0.9 of the diameter of the weapon barrel channel choke. The diameter of the central rod of the bullet stabiliser makes 0.3 of the barrel channel diameter. The diameter of the head and main obturator belts is equal to or slightly exceeds the diameter of the barrel channel. The empennage length and swing of the stabiliser are equal to or slightly exceed the diameter of the barrel channel.

EFFECT: improved accuracy and closer grouping of shots, extended range of an ammunition.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hunting ammunition, and in particular to bullet cartridges intended for use in hunting rifles, including with a large muzzle narrowing of the barrel.

A number of ammunition is known with caliber bullets of the stabilization type of arrowhead for a smooth-bore gun, such as cartridges with Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, Witzleben, Brenneke, Yakan bullets containing a massive warhead and a push-type stabilizing skirt / pallets B. Nim ., Trofimov AV "Modern hunting ammunition for smooth-bore weapons. Bullets. Bullet cartridges. Reference book. - Moscow:" Publishing House Ruchenkin ", 2007).

The disadvantages of these ammunition are the lack of strict axial alignment of the bullet body with the obturating skirt-stabilizer and the significant inhibitory effect of the long obturating skirt-stabilizer on the flight path of the bullet.

The closest technical solution to the present invention is a cartridge for a smoothbore gun with a Lyuberchanka bullet (ibid.), The bullet of which consists of two parts: a monolithic warhead formed by sequential conjugation of a hemispherical head fairing, a flat head supporting-obturating belt adjacent to the base the head fairing, the conical body of the bullet head and the flat main support-obturating belt, as well as the hollow tail portion of the stabilizer bullet formed to ROTKO hollow conical core stabilizer provided with four circumferentially spaced along the axial line feathering blades bullet small elongation with an axial length comparable to half the diameter of the weapon barrel channel.

The disadvantages of this munition are the low efficiency of small stabilizer blades, as well as the significant bottom resistance of the hollow end of the stabilizer rod of a large cross-section and the associated underutilization of the mentioned potential potential bullet of a similar design, leading to a reduction in accuracy and accuracy of the battle, as well as to a decrease in the "range" of the munition due to significant aerodynamic loss of a bullet.

When creating the invention, the task was to create a bullet and cartridge for smooth-bore weapons, providing increased accuracy and accuracy of the battle due to improved stabilization / stability of the bullet on the trajectory, as well as increased ammunition range by reducing bottom drag and increasing lateral load (improving the quality of the aerodynamic shape of the bullet )

The assigned task, in a determining volume, was solved by creating a caliber bullet “Butterfly without a wake”, an arrow-type stabilization type containing a head part and a tail part, characterized in that

- the bullet is made monolithic in the form of a body of revolution of a step-spindle shape;

- the head part is formed by sequential conjugation of a hemispherical blunt head fairing, a cylindrical body of a bullet, and also the head and main stops in the form of a straight truncated cone with an opening angle of the cone at its apex of 50-90 °, equipped at the base of the cones with head and main obturating belts, respectively, having on the periphery are cylindrical surfaces;

- the tail portion comprises a stabilizer adjacent to the specified main obturating belt, having a central rod with a reverse cone, stepwise adjacent to the main obturating belt, and at least three feathering blades located in the peripheral regions of the inverse cone and the central rod at an angle of 0-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet and having peripheral cylindrical surfaces,

wherein

the centering system of the bullet is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the indicated main and head obturating belts and peripheral cylindrical surfaces of the indicated tail blades of the stabilizer of the tail of the bullet;

the bullet obturation system is made of a pulling type and is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the indicated main and head obturating belts, and the distance from the trailing edge of the main obturating belt to the leading edge of the obturating head belt is not less than the length of the conical passage from the chamber to the gun barrel;

the length of the bullet is 1.9-2.2 diameters of the cylindrical body of the bullet;

the diameter of the cylindrical body of the head of the bullet is 0.75-0.9 diameter of the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the gun;

said head and main obturating belts of the bullet are located respectively above and below the center of gravity of the bullet, close to it, and the diameter of the head and main obturating belts is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the barrel bore;

the length and span of the tail of the stabilizer equal to the diameter of the barrel;

the diameter of the central rod of the bullet stabilizer is 0.3 diameter of the barrel.

The task in full was solved by the development of a cartridge for a smoothbore weapon, containing ignition means, a powder charge and a caliber bullet placed in the sleeve, of a pointer type of stabilization, characterized in that

- as a bullet contains a bullet "Butterfly", made monolithic in the form of a body of revolution step-spindle shape and containing

- the head part formed by sequential conjugation of the hemispherical blunted head fairing, the cylindrical body of the bullet, as well as the head and main stops in the form of a straight truncated cone with an opening angle of the cone at its apex of 50-90 °, equipped at the base of the cones with the head and main obturating belts, respectively having cylindrical surfaces on the periphery;

- the tail part, containing a stabilizer adjacent to the specified main obturating belt, having a central rod with a reverse cone adjacent stepwise to the main obturating belt, and at least three feathering blades located in the peripheral regions of the inverse cone and the central rod at an angle 0- 10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet and having peripheral cylindrical surfaces,

wherein

the centering system of the bullet is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the indicated main and head obturating belts and peripheral cylindrical surfaces of the indicated tail blades of the stabilizer of the tail of the bullet;

the bullet obturation system is made of a pulling type and is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the indicated main and head obturating belts, and the distance from the trailing edge of the main obturating belt to the leading edge of the obturating head belt is not less than the length of the conical passage from the chamber to the gun barrel;

the length of the bullet is 1.9-2.2 diameters of the cylindrical body of the bullet;

the diameter of the cylindrical body of the head of the bullet is 0.75-0.9 diameter of the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the gun;

said head and main obturating belts of the bullet are located respectively above and below the center of gravity of the bullet, close to it, and the diameter of the head and main obturating belts is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the barrel bore;

the length and span of the tail of the stabilizer equal to the diameter of the barrel;

the diameter of the central shaft of the bullet stabilizer is 0.3 barrel diameter

and in this case, in the equipped cartridge, the bullet is immersed by the stabilizer directly in the powder charge.

The combination of structural solutions of the bullet and cartridge, according to the invention, with the placement of the obturating belts of the bullet on the cylindrical section of its head with a decrease of at least half the inertial mass acting on the obturating belts, with the implementation of the support-obturating system of the bullet, free from detachable at the exit bullets from the barrel of the elements, with an increase in the total length of the bullet and the spread of the stabilizing surfaces of the bullet in the radial and axial directions by an amount corresponding to the diameter of the barrel, This leads to an increase in accuracy and accuracy of the battle of hunting ammunition at the maximum possible muzzle energy of the bullet and the preservation of high kinetic energy by the bullet until it reaches the target, while reducing aerodynamic losses minimized by high aerodynamic stability and good stabilization of the bullet along the trajectory.

The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 - cartridge for a smoothbore gun according to the invention, equipped with a caliber bullet "Butterfly" according to the invention:

A is a longitudinal section of the cartridge on the charging / powder part,

B - a local view of the shell / bullet "Butterfly" without conditionally removed the wall of the cartridge case;

Figure 2 - bullet "Butterfly" according to the invention.

As shown in figure 1, the equipped cartridge contains a sleeve 1, a means of ignition 2, a powder charge 3 and a caliber bullet 4 "Butterfly".

As shown in FIG. 2, the caliber bullet 4 “Butterfly-free” according to the invention is made monolithic in the form of a step-spindle-shaped body of revolution from a plastic lead alloy and contains a head and a tail.

The bullet head is formed by sequential conjugation of a hemispherical blunt head fairing 5, a head cone stop 6, a head obturating belt 7, a cylindrical body 8 of a bullet, a main cone stop 9 and a main obturating belt 10. The head 7 and the main 10 obturating belts have cylindrical surfaces on the periphery.

The tail portion comprises a stabilizer adjacent to the specified main obturating belt 10 having a return cone 11, stepwise adjacent to the main obturating belt 10, a central rod 12 and at least three feathering blades 13 located in the peripheral regions of the return cone 11 and the central rod 12 at an angle of 0-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet and having peripheral cylindrical surfaces.

Moreover, according to the invention, the centering system of the bullet is formed by a combination of the cylindrical surfaces of the head 7 and the main 10 obturating belts and the peripheral cylindrical surfaces of these blades 13 of the tail stabilizer tail unit.

Moreover, according to the invention, the bullet obturation system is made of a pulling type and is formed by a combination of the cylindrical surfaces of said head 7 and the obturation belt 10 main, and the distance from the trailing edge of the obturation belt 10 to the leading edge of the obturation belt 7 is not less than the length of the conical transition from chamber to the barrel of the weapon.

Moreover, according to the invention, the length of the bullet is 1.9-2.2 diameters of the cylindrical body 8 of the bullet, the diameter of the cylindrical body 8 of the head of the bullet is 0.75-0.9 diameter of the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the weapon, and the specified head 7 and the main 10 bullet obturation belts are respectively located above and below the bullet’s center of gravity close to it, and the diameter of the head 7 and the main 10 obturation belts is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the barrel bore.

Moreover, according to the invention, the length and the span of the blades 13 of the tail of the stabilizer are equal to the diameter of the barrel, the diameter of the central shaft 12 of the bullet stabilizer is 0.3 of the diameter of the barrel.

As shown in FIG. 1, according to the invention, in the equipped cartridge the “Butterfly-free” bullet is immersed by the stabilizer directly in the powder charge, ensuring proper compression of the powder by the surfaces of the bullet located on the side of the powder charge below the end face of the main conical stop.

The cartridge for smooth-bore weapons, according to the invention, with a butterfly butterflyless bullet, according to the invention, operate as follows.

In a matter of milliseconds of impact, the striker of the trigger mechanism of the gun into the bottom of the ignition means 2 ignites the initiating composition of the ignition means 2 and the powder charge 3 from it, and with it the initial pressure surge in the charging chamber, which entails the movement of the bullet 4 and opening termination of the barrel muzzle 1 with the head fairing 5 of the bullet 4 with an increase in the projectile space due to the start of the bullet movement. Approximately to the moment the head obturation belt 7 exits from the barrel of the sleeve 1, volume ignition of the powder charge 3 occurs in the charging chamber. At this moment, the maximum steepness of the front of pressure build-up in the projectile space is observed. At this point, the head obturating belt 7 has already passed the conical section of the chamber and will go deeper into the beginning of the channel of a constant section of the barrel, and the main obturating belt 10 will only approach the cut of the barrel of cartridge case 1 of the cartridge. The increasing pressure of the powder gases in the next instant breaks into a closed annular volume of space between the head 7 and the main 10 obturating belts of the bullet, aligning it with the pressure in the projectile space and slightly stretching the rate of pressure gain in the projectile space, and also reduces the rate of increase of the accelerations of the bullet 4.

At this point, a significant part of the centering system of the bullet is still inside the sleeve 1 and this ensures the coaxial transition of the bullet 4 from the sleeve 1 into the bore. By the time the pressure of the powder gases increases to the level of yield stresses of the lead alloy of the bullet body 4, the main obturating belt 10 will enter the bore, and the pressure in the space between the main 10 and the head 7 obturating belts will reduce the deformation of the head and the main obturating belt 10 of the bullet 4 .

A further increase in the projectile space occurs due to the movement of the bullet 4 to the muzzle end almost at the dying charge of the powder and the falling pressure of the powder gases.

The subsequent movement of the bullet 4 in the barrel is carried out with self-centering of the bullet, since the swing of the blade 13 of the tail of the stabilizer corresponds to the inner diameter of the barrel when the centering system of the bullet 4 exceeds the diameter of the barrel.

This embodiment of the bullet 4, according to the invention, provides its further coaxial entry into the muzzle narrowing of the barrel channel and the bullet exit from the muzzle narrowing in the direction strictly coaxial with the barrel channel.

The passage of the bullet 4 of the muzzle end of the barrel without separation of any elements, for example, push-type wad, minimizes the likely initial disturbances both in the direction of the bullet’s flight and in the position of its longitudinal axis relative to the aiming line, which significantly improves the accuracy of fire.

When the bullet 4, according to the invention, moves along the trajectory, the developed stabilizer tail blades 13, mounted at a small angle to the longitudinal axis of the bullet 4, quickly tell it a small angular speed of rotation, insufficient for gyroscopic stabilization, but quite acceptable to compensate for aerodynamic and axial errors imbalance in the mass of the bullet 4, reduce the constant component of the side withdrawal of the bullet 4 from the trajectory without significant losses of the muzzle energy of the bullet spent on its promotion, and also all random vibrations of the longitudinal axis of the bullet relative to the center of its mass, arising from the action of random perturbations (asymmetry of the gas flow at the cut of the barrel, inhomogeneity of the atmosphere, pressure pulsation behind the head shock wave and bottom), and also perturbations from external factors grass, precipitation, small branches.

Due to the good streamlining of the spindle-shaped aerodynamic shape of the body of the bullet 4 with developed stabilizer blades 13, the frontal and bottom drag of the bullet are minimized, stabilization of the bullet on the trajectory is improved (energy losses from oscillations of the longitudinal axis of the bullet in flight are reduced), and, as a result, the accuracy and accuracy of firing accuracy with a significant increase in the ammunition range.

The “Butterfly butterflyless” bullet, according to the invention, and the cartridge for smooth-bore weapons, according to the invention, can be made of materials known to specialists using known technological methods.

Claims (2)

1. The bullet is a gauge arrow type stabilization containing a head and a tail, characterized in that the bullet is made monolithic in the form of a body of revolution of a step-spindle shape, the head part is formed by sequential conjugation of a hemispherical blunt head fairing, a cylindrical body of the bullet, as well as the head and main stops in the form of a straight truncated cone with an opening angle of the cone at its apex of 50-90 °, equipped at the bases of the cones with head and main obturation belts, respectively having peripheral cylindrical surfaces, the tail portion comprises a stabilizer adjacent to the specified main obturating belt, having a central rod with a reverse cone, stepwise adjacent to the main obturating belt, and at least three plumage blades located in the peripheral regions of the return cone and the central the rod at an angle of 0-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet and having peripheral cylindrical surfaces, while the centering system of the bullet is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the specified main and head obturating belts and peripheral cylindrical surfaces of the specified tail feathers of the stabilizer of the tail of the bullet, the obturating system of the bullet is made of a pulling type and is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the specified main and head obturating belts, and the distance from the trailing edge of the main obturating belt to the leading edge of the obturating head belt made not less than the length of the conical transition from the chamber to the barrel of the weapon, the length p ul is 1.9-2.2 diameters of the cylindrical body of the bullet, the diameter of the cylindrical body of the head of the bullet is 0.75-0.9 of the diameter of the muzzle narrowing of the channel of the barrel of the weapon, the indicated head and main obturating belts of the bullet are located respectively above and below the center of gravity of the bullet , close to it, and the diameter of the head and main obturating belts is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the bore, the length and swing of the stabilizer are equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the bore, and the diameter of the central rod of the stabilizer bullet torus is 0.3 the diameter of the bore. 2. Cartridge for smooth-bore weapons containing ignition means, a powder charge and a calibrated bullet of the arrow type of stabilization, characterized in that the bullet contains a calibrated bullet made in the form of a spindle-shaped body of revolution and containing a warhead formed sequential pairing of a hemispherical blunted head fairing, a cylindrical body of a bullet, as well as the head and main stops in the form of a straight truncated cone with an opening angle Existence of the cone at its apex of 50-90 °, equipped at the base of the cones with the head and main obturating belts, respectively, having cylindrical surfaces on the periphery, a tail part containing a stabilizer adjacent to the specified main obturating belt, having a central shaft with a reverse cone adjoining stepwise to the main obturating belt, and at least three feathering blades located in the peripheral regions of the inverse cone and the central rod at an angle of 0-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet and having peripheral cylindrical surfaces, while the centering system of the bullet is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the indicated main and head obturating belts and peripheral cylindrical surfaces of the specified tail feathers of the stabilizer of the tail of the bullet, the obturating system of the bullet is made of a pulling type and is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the specified main and head obturating belts, distance from the trailing edge of the main obturating belt to the leading edge of the head about the obturating belt is made not less than the length of the conical passage from the chamber to the channel of the gun barrel, the length of the bullet is 1.9-2.2 diameters of the cylindrical body of the bullet, the diameter of the cylindrical body of the head of the bullet is 0.75-0.9 diameter of the muzzle narrowing of the channel the barrel of the weapon, the indicated head and main obturating belts of the bullet are located respectively above and below the center of gravity of the bullet close to it, and the diameter of the head and main obturating belts is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the bore, length and size x tail stabilizer blades equal to the diameter of the bore, the diameter of the central rod of the stabilizer is 0.3 bullet bore diameter, and wherein the curb bullet cartridge immersed stabilizer directly into the powder charge.

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