RU2465548C1 - "queen" bullet and cartridge for smooth-bore weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: bullet comprises a head and a tail parts. Head and tail parts of the bullet are joined by means of a non-detachable joint into a single solid of revolution. The head part is formed by serial coupling of a blunted head fairing in the form of an ogive and a head belt of obturation, having a shape of a truncated cone. The tail part is formed by a hollow cone skirt of a bullet stabiliser, along the peripheral surface of which there are ribs arranged, installed at the angle of 8-12° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet. The alignment system of the bullet is formed by cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head belts of obturation and peripheral cylindrical surfaces of the stabiliser ribs. The obturator system of the bullet is arranged as push-pull type. The stabilising system of the bullet is arranged by a combination of a lighter hollow cone of the skirt, inclined ribs and a tail support-obturator belt. The full length of the bullet makes 1.6-1.9 of the barrel channel diameter. The external diameter of the ribs and length of the ribbed section of the skirt make 1.00-1.003 of the barrel channel diameter. A cartridge comprises a case, an igniting facility, a powder charge and the above bullet.

EFFECT: closer grouping of shots and accuracy of cartridge firing.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hunting ammunition, and in particular to bullet cartridges intended for use in hunting rifles, including with a large muzzle narrowing of the barrel.

A number of ammunition for smooth-bore weapons with caliber bullets of arrow-cap type, for example with Foster and Pozis bullets, which are a cap with a massive head part and a lightened tail part - a skirt (Trofimov V.N., Trofimov A.V. Modern hunting ammunition for smooth-bore weapons. Bullets. Bullet cartridges. Reference book. - Moscow: Publishing House Ruchenkin, 2007; RU 31439 U). The main disadvantage of these munitions is their weak arrow stabilization due to the small aerodynamic focal length - the distance between the center of gravity of the bullet and the center of application of the forces of aerodynamic pressure / resistance of the bullet.

The closest technical solution to the present invention is a cartridge for a smooth-bore gun with a Diabolo bullet (with a T. Gorbants bullet, see the above manual), the bullet of which consists of two parts: a massive warhead with a low cone with a cylindrical centering belt in the base of the cone in the head of the bullet, and the hollow conical skirt-stabilizer in the tail of the bullet. The specified bullet is practically an enlarged to the size of the 12th caliber well-known Diabolo bullet for airguns. The arrow effect of the “Diabolo” Gorbants bullet significantly exceeds the “arrow” of the Foster and Pozis bullets, since in this case the use of a hollow conical elongated stabilizer skirt noticeably shifted the center of aerodynamic pressure to the end section of the bullet, while increasing the focal length of the bullet.

The bullets mentioned above, including the Gorbants Diabolo, are characterized by instability in the accuracy of the battle due to the unpredictability of the deformation of the weak tail-skirt under the influence of the shock pressure of the powder gases arising at the time of volume ignition of the powder charge (inertial overloads from the total mass of the bullet body) , which is inherent in all types of ammunition with a pushing shutter / wad-pan, and are also characterized by inefficient use of energy of powder gases, partially lost together with parasitic masses about detachable from the projectile elements.

In addition, any wad-pallet is the main source of random deviations of both the longitudinal axis of the bullet and deviations of the velocity vector of the bullet from the axis of the barrel of the weapon arising from the unpredictable impact of the wad-sealer on the tail of the bullet at the time of departure from the barrel.

The objective of the creation of the present invention is to increase the accuracy and accuracy of the cartridge’s battle by reducing the deformation of the bullet’s body (reducing the distortion of the initial aerodynamic shape) at the time of the shot and by reducing the deviation of the bullet due to the exclusion of unpredictable disturbances from the push-type wad-pallet elements, as well as an increase in kinetic energy bullets, both muzzle and target, by eliminating the parasitic mass of the wad-pallet and by improving stabilization / increasing the stability of the bullet on the trajectory.

The problem was solved by creating a queen bullet arrow type stabilization containing the head and tail, characterized in that:

- the bullet is made of two parts connected by means of an integral connection into one single body of revolution, and contains:

- the head part formed by sequential conjugation of the blunted head fairing in the shape of come to life and the obturation head belt, having the shape of a truncated cone with a cylindrical surface at the base of the head obturation belt and with a central mounting hole in its center;

- the tail part, formed by the hollow conical skirt-stabilizer of the bullet, on the peripheral surface of the skirt equipped with ribs installed at an angle of 8-12 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, the tail girdle of the obturation on the side of the end cut of the skirt outside the tail of the skirt and the blind cone placed inside the skirt a cylindrical cavity up to half the total length of the bullet; wherein:

- one-piece connection of the head support-obturating belt with the body of the tail of the bullet is made by axial upsetting of the centering portion of the tail of the bullet, passing through the central mounting hole of the head of the obturation and protruding from the central mounting hole to the outside, and during axial upsetting of the centering portion of the tail of the bullet given shape came to life;

- the centering system of the bullet is formed by the cylindrical surfaces of the indicated tail and head obturation belts and the peripheral cylindrical surfaces of these ribs of the skirt of the tail of the bullet;

- the obturating system of the bullet is made of a pushing-pulling type and is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head obturation belts;

- the stabilizing system of the bullet is made by a combination of a lightweight hollow cone of the skirt of the tail of the bullet, inclined ribs located on the outer surface of the skirt, and the tail support-obturating belt;

- the total length of the bullet is 1.6-1.9 of the diameter of the barrel;

- the outer diameter of the ribs and the length of the ribbed section of the skirt, together with the tail and head obturation belts, are 1.00-1.003 of the diameter of the barrel bore;

- the outer diameter of the cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head obturation belts is 1.00-1.003 of the bore diameter;

- the specified head belt obturation of the bullet is placed near the center of gravity of the bullet.

The task was also solved by the creation of a cartridge for smoothbore weapons containing placed in the sleeve means of ignition, a powder charge and a calibrated bullet arrow type stabilization, characterized in that:

- as a caliber bullet contains a bullet "Queen" arrow type stabilization, containing the head and tail parts, while:

- the bullet is made of two parts connected by means of an integral connection into one single body of revolution, and contains:

- the head part formed by sequential conjugation of the blunted head fairing in the shape of come to life and the obturation head belt, having the shape of a truncated cone with a cylindrical surface at the base of the head obturation belt and with a central mounting hole in its center;

- the tail part, formed by the hollow conical skirt-stabilizer of the bullet, on the peripheral surface of the skirt equipped with ribs installed at an angle of 8-12 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, the tail girdle of the obturation on the side of the end cut of the skirt outside the tail of the skirt and the blind cone placed inside the skirt a cylindrical cavity up to half the total length of the bullet; wherein:

- one-piece connection of the head support-obturating belt with the body of the tail of the bullet is made by axial upsetting of the centering portion of the tail of the bullet, passing through the central mounting hole of the head of the obturation and protruding from the central mounting hole to the outside, and during axial upsetting of the centering portion of the tail of the bullet given shape came to life;

- the centering system of the bullet is formed by the cylindrical surfaces of the indicated tail and head obturation belts and the peripheral cylindrical surfaces of these ribs of the skirt of the tail of the bullet;

- the obturating system of the bullet is made of a pushing-pulling type and is formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head obturation belts;

- the stabilizing system of the bullet is made by a combination of a lightweight hollow cone of the skirt of the tail of the bullet, inclined ribs located on the outer surface of the skirt, and the tail support-obturating belt;

- the total length of the bullet is 1.6-1.9 of the diameter of the barrel;

- the outer diameter of the ribs and the length of the ribbed section of the skirt, together with the tail and head obturation belts, are 1.00-1.003 of the diameter of the barrel bore;

- the outer diameter of the cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head obturation belts is 1.00-1.003 of the bore diameter;

- the indicated head belt of the bullet obturation is located near the center of gravity of the bullet, and when the cartridge is equipped with a bullet, it is placed in the sleeve with its tail obturation belt directly on the powder charge with the powder pressed.

This combination of structural solutions of the bullet and the cartridge according to the invention with the implementation of the missile bullet in two parts, rigidly fastened into one in the form of an axisymmetric body of revolution with a bullet extension of about 2.0; with the implementation of the head part of the body of the bullet in the form came to life with a conical skirt and a support-centering belt at the base; with the tail of the bullet in the form of a conical hollow skirt-stabilizer, reinforced from the outer surface with ribs installed at an angle of 8-12 ° to the axis of the bullet, and equipped with a tail obturation belt on the tail section of the bullet, and a blind conical-cylindrical cavity at its end extending to half the length of a bullet; as well as with the fulfillment of the radial and axial dimensions of the main elements of the centering, obturating and stabilizing bullet systems equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the barrel channel, ultimately lead to: a decrease in the deformation of the bullet body during firing, increase accuracy and accuracy of the battle of hunting ammunition at the maximum possible muzzle energy bullets. Since all kinetic energy supplied by the gunpowder gases to the bullet is perceived only by the bullet in the absence of associated parasitic masses and trajectory disturbances from them, the high kinetic energy of the bullet at the target is preserved due to good aerodynamics of the bullet’s original body shape, significant lateral load and small aerodynamic losses minimized high aerodynamic stability of a well-stabilized bullet.

In the future, the technical solution of the bullet and cartridge according to the invention is illustrated by examples of their implementation and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 - cartridge for smooth-bore guns according to the invention, equipped with a caliber bullet "Queen" according to the invention, a longitudinal section of the cartridge, combined with a local view of the bullet "Queen";

Figure 2 - bullet "Queen" according to the invention.

As shown in figure 1, the equipped cartridge contains: a sleeve 1, a means of 2 ignition, a powder charge 3 and a caliber bullet 4 "Queen".

As shown in FIG. 2, the “Queen” bullet 4 according to the invention is made of two parts connected by a one-piece connection into one single body of revolution, formed by sequential conjugation of the head supporting-leading part, formed by the head, in the form of a blunted came to life, by the fairing 5 of the bullet 4 and a conical skirt 6 with a head belt 7 of the obturation, and a tail guide of the stabilizing support part with a conical skirt-stabilizer 8, a tail zone 9 of the obturation with a blind conical-cylindrical inner cavity 10 and the outer reinforcing ribs installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the bullet 11.

In this case, the one-piece connection of the obturation head belt 7 with the body of the bullet tail is made by axial upsetting of the centering section of the tail part of the bullet 4, passed through the central mounting hole of the obturation head belt 7 and protruding outward from the central mounting hole, and during the axial upsetting of the centering portion of the tail parts of the bullet-shaped form came to life.

Cartridge for smooth-bore weapons according to the invention with a bullet "Queen" according to the invention work as follows.

In a matter of milliseconds of impact, the striker of the gun’s trigger mechanism into the bottom of the ignition means 2 ignites the initiating composition of the ignition means 2 and the powder charge 3 from it, and with it the initial pressure surge in the charging chamber, which entails the movement of the bullet 4 and the opening termination of the barrel dule 1 with the head fairing 5 of the bullet 4, followed by an increase in the projectile space due to the beginning of the movement of the bullet 4. By the time the head belt 7 is obturation from the sleeve of the sleeve 1 occurs about Removable ignition of gunpowder charge 3 in the charging chamber. At this moment, the maximum gradient of pressure build-up in the projectile space is observed. At this point, the obturation head belt 7 has already passed the conical section of the chamber and will go deeper into the beginning of the channel of a constant section of the barrel, and the obturation tail belt 9 will only come nearer to the cut of the cartridge case sleeve 1, ensuring that the bullet 4 passes from the cartridge case 1 into the barrel channel without distortions. In the next instant, the increasing pressure of the powder gases breaks into the closed volumes of the intercostal chambers of the support-obturating system, aligns it with the pressure in the projectile volume and, slightly stretching the rate of pressure build-up in the projectile space, reduces the rate of increase of the bullet accelerations.

By the moment the pressure of the powder gases increases to the yield stress level of the lead alloy of the bullet body 4, the tail zone 9 of the obturation will enter the barrel and block the exit of the powder gases from the intercostal space of the support-obturating system under pressure corresponding to the pressure of the projectile space at the moment of the bullet’s position ", which will reduce the deformation of belts 7 and 9 of the obturation of the support-obturating system and limit the radial deformation of the stabilizing skirt 8 of the bullet 4. Further e increase in the projectile volume occurs due to the movement of the bullet 4 to the muzzle section with the dying charge of the powder and the falling pressure of the powder gases. The movement of the bullet in the barrel channel occurs with the self-centering of the bullet 4 due to the fact that the diameter of the ribs 11 of the stabilizing skirt 8, as well as the diameters of the belts 7 and 9 of the obturation, correspond to the inner diameter of the barrel channel with a length of the centering system of the bullet equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the barrel channel . This embodiment of the main elements of the centering, obturating and stabilizing systems of the bullet 4 provides further coaxial entry of the bullet 4 into the muzzle narrowing of the barrel channel and the exit of the bullet 4 from the muzzle narrowing in the direction strictly coaxial with the barrel channel. The passage of a bullet 4 of the muzzle end of the barrel without separating any elements, for example, a push-type wad, minimizes the likely initial disturbances in the direction of the bullet’s flight and the position of its longitudinal axis relative to the aiming line, which significantly improves the accuracy of fire and increases the muzzle energy of the bullet.

When the bullet 4 “Queen” according to the invention moves along a trajectory, a ribbed long hollow skirt-stabilizer 8 together with the tail girdle 9 of the obturation, creating a pronounced arrow effect, provide high stability of the bullet 4 on the trajectory, and also quickly dampen all random vibrations of the longitudinal axis of the bullet relative to its center of mass arising from the action of random perturbations: asymmetries of the gas flow at the bore, inhomogeneity of the atmosphere, pressure pulsations behind the head shock wave and bottom pressure, as well as disturbances from external factors - grass, precipitation, small branches, which leads to a decrease in aerodynamic losses, increased firing accuracy and increased kinetic energy of the “Queen” bullet near the target.

Thus, the technical solutions implemented in the “Queen” pool and the cartridge according to the invention ultimately lead to an increase in accuracy and accuracy of the battle of the hunting ammunition at the maximum possible muzzle and kinetic energy of the bullet at the target, since all kinetic energy reported by the powder gases of the bullet, it is perceived only by a bullet in the absence of associated parasitic mass-wad and trajectory disturbances from them, and also leads to a high lethal energy of the bullet at the target stored by the bullet due to good aer the dynamics of the axial symmetry of the bullet’s body, significant lateral load and small aerodynamic losses, minimized by the high aerodynamic stability of a well-stabilized bullet.

The experiments showed that when using the cartridge according to the invention with the “Queen” bullet according to the invention, the circular probable deflection of the bullet is reduced by 20% and the effective range of hitting the target with the “Queen” bullet against the prototype is increased.

The “Queen” bullet according to the invention and the cartridge for smooth-bore weapons according to the invention can be made of materials known to those skilled in the art using known techniques.

Claims (2)

1. Bullet caliber arrow type stabilization, containing the head and tail parts, characterized in that the bullet is made of two parts connected by means of an integral connection into one single body of revolution, and contains the head part formed by the serial conjugation of the blunt head fairing in the shape came to life and the head an obturation belt having the shape of a truncated cone with a cylindrical lateral surface at the base of the obturation head belt and with a central mounting hole in its center, tail the part formed by the hollow conical skirt - bullet stabilizer, on the peripheral surface of the skirt equipped with ribs installed at an angle of 8-12 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, the tail girdle of the obturation on the side of the end cut of the skirt outside the tail of the skirt and the blind conical-cylindrical cavity located inside the skirt depth to half the total length of the bullet; in this case, the integral connection of the head support-obturating belt with the body of the tail of the bullet is made by axial upsetting of the centering section of the tail of the bullet, passing through the central mounting hole of the head belt of the obturation and protruding outward from the central mounting hole, and during axial upsetting of the centering section of the tail the bullet is given shape came to life, the centering system of the bullet is formed by the cylindrical surfaces of the indicated tail and head zones of obturation and peripheral cylindrical surfaces of these ribs of the skirt of the tail of the bullet, the obturating system of the bullet is push-pull type and formed by a combination of cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head belts of obturation, the stabilizing system of the bullet is made by combining a lightweight hollow cone of the skirt of the tail of the bullet, inclined ribs located on the outer surface of the skirt, and the tail support-obturating belt, the total length of the bullet is 1.6-1.9 of the diameter of the barrel, the outer diameter the meter of ribs and the length of the ribbed section of the skirt together with the tail and head obturation belts are 1.00-1.003 of the bore diameter, the outer diameter of the cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head obturation belts is 1.00-1.003 of the bore diameter, the specified head obturation belt of the bullet is located near the center of gravity of the bullet. 2. Cartridge for smooth-bore weapons containing a means of ignition placed in the sleeve, a powder charge and a calibrated arrow-type stabilization bullet, characterized in that the bullet contains a calibrated arrow-type stabilization bullet containing a head and a tail, and the bullet is made of two parts connected by means of one-piece connection into one single body of revolution, and contains a head part formed by sequential conjugation of a blunted head fairing in the form of animate and head th obturation belt, having the shape of a truncated cone with a cylindrical side surface at the base of the obturation head belt and with a central mounting hole in its center, the tail formed by a hollow conical skirt - bullet stabilizer, on the peripheral surface of the skirt equipped with ribs installed at an angle of 8- 12 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, the tail girdle of the obturation from the side of the end cut of the skirt outside the tail of the skirt and the inside of the skirt is a deaf taper-cylindrical cavity with a depth of half s the total length of the bullet, while the one-piece connection of the head support-obturating belt with the body of the tail of the bullet is made by axial upsetting of the centering portion of the tail of the body of the bullet, passed through the central mounting hole of the head belt of the obturation and protruding from the central mounting hole to the outside, and during axial deposition of the centering section of the tail of the bullet is given the shape came to life, the centering system of the bullet is formed by the cylindrical surfaces of the specified tail of the main and obturation belts and peripheral cylindrical surfaces of the indicated ribs of the skirt of the tail of the bullet, the bullet obturating system is made of the pushing-pulling type and is formed by the combination of the cylindrical surfaces of the obturation tail and head belts, the bullet stabilization system is made of the combination of the lightened hollow cone of the skirt of the bullet tail, inclined ribs located on the outer surface of the skirt and the tail support-obturating belt, the total length of the bullet is 1.6-1.9 channel diameter with the barrel diameter, the outer diameter of the ribs and the length of the ribbed section of the skirt together with the tail and head obturation belts are 1.00-1.003 of the bore diameter, the outer diameter of the cylindrical surfaces of the tail and head obturation belts is 1.00-1.003 of the bore diameter, the specified obturation head belt the bullet is placed near the center of gravity of the bullet; when the cartridge is equipped, the bullet is placed in the liner with its tail obturation belt directly on the powder charge with proper compression of the powder.

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