RU2704083C1 - Bullet "broadsword" for a smooth-bore weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition. Bullet "Broadsword" for a smooth-bore weapon comprises a monolithic head part of a radius, or conical, or flat-end shape, made of ductile lead alloy, with a cylindrical shank, and fin-stabilized tail part, connected in single axially symmetric aerodynamic body. Spring-bound obturator with obturating skirt, having recess for partial placement of fin-stabilized of tail part, and bullet centering elements. Bullet has drop-shaped aerodynamic shape and length of about 2.0–3.5 of barrel bore diameter, and at that on cylindrical surface of bullet head part at distance α, approximately 4 mm, from the end there is ledge with height of 0.1–0.2 mm to create damping gap and increasing strength of connection of head and tail parts of bullet during firing. Outer surface of bullet head part is smooth, its diameter is 0.70–0.82 of bore of barrel of smooth-bore weapon, from which it is fired. Tail support-guiding stabilizing part of bullet is formed by coupling cylinder with bullet tail, having hollow cone fairing, outside of which at angle of 6–10° to the bullet longitudinal axis there are fin stabilizer blades in amount of not less than six and a length of not less than 0.8 of barrel bore diameter, wherein on inner surface of coupling cylinder at depth α, approximately 4 mm, there is ledge with height of 0.1–0.2 mm to create shock-absorbing gap before shooting and sampling of said gap with higher strength of connection of bullet elements during firing. Fin stabilizer swing of the bullet tail makes 0.70–0.82 of the bore of the bore of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired. Centering elements and wad enveloping bullet are made in the form of a single body by casting into a special mold, at that, bullet-centering elements are connected with attenuator by thin segments of low strength with possibility of their cutting at force of not more than 15 kg. Bullet-engaging centering elements in the area of ribs of fin stabilizer of tail part of bullet have inner diameter, approximately, by 1 mm more than range of fin stabilizer to prevent possibility of disconnection of head and tail parts of bullet at passing of its choke contractions of smooth-bore weapon. Head part of the bullet has a lead head with a rapid cavity – a funnel.

EFFECT: invention allows increasing range, as well as grouping and accuracy of firing.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to bullets, in particular sub-caliber, and can be used for firing smooth-bore weapons (including with a large muzzle narrowing of the barrel) during hunting and the needs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to hit a target at a long distance.

Known subcaliber bullet arrow type for smooth-bore weapons according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 140960, which is selected for the prototype. In a pool known for the prototype, comprising: a solid body with a shank with a stabilizer mounted on it; wad made in the form of a thin glass with an obturating skirt and having a recess for placement of a stabilizer in it with stabilizing protrusions and centering detachable elements covering the bullet in the amount of three pieces, which are the back part of the wad recess, to simplify the bullet manufacturing technology, the stabilizing protrusions on the stabilizer are made along the axis of the bullet, and not at an angle as in traditional bullets.

The disadvantage of the bullet of the prototype is that to release the bullet from the centering elements covering it, it is necessary that a thin glass wad of airflow be removed from them and from the stabilizing protrusions of the bullet stabilizer. This process is difficult due to the shape of the bullet and wad and their geometric dimensions. Therefore, the bullet will receive significant effects, leading to the oscillation of the bullet around the center of gravity and to the violation of the stability of its flight. In addition, the shape of the bullet differs from the optimal droplet shape, which creates less aerodynamic drag.

Another disadvantage of the prototype bullet is that it does not rotate when moving on a trajectory after a shot from a smoothbore weapon. This circumstance, in the case of even a minor defect in the manufacture of the bullet, leading to the departure of the center of mass of the bullet from its axis (axial imbalance of the center of mass of the bullet), the inevitable departure of the bullet from the trajectory in one direction.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages noted in the prototype, and to ensure:

- increase the accuracy and accuracy of the battle;

- reducing the aerodynamic losses of the bullet through the use of smooth aerodynamic contours of the bullet, which are close to optimal in the field of supersonic and transonic speeds;

- increasing the stability of the bullet on the trajectory through the use of a more effective form of the head and tail parts of the bullet;

- an increase in the kinetic energy of the bullet both the muzzle and the target by increasing the value of the ballistic coefficient;

- the range of a direct shot of a cartridge with a new bullet by increasing the value of the ballistic coefficient of the bullet;

- expanding the arsenal of bullets for smoothbore weapons, since the effectiveness of their use has not lost their relevance at present and their further improvement is beyond doubt.

The problem was solved by creating the design of the "Broadsword" bullet arrow type stabilization, containing the head and tail with a given relative position of its structural elements, characterized in that it contains a monolithic head part of a radius, or cone, or plane-face shape made of plastic lead alloy , with a cylindrical shank, and a tail with plumage, connected into a single axisymmetric aerodynamic body; wad-wrap with an obturating skirt, having a recess for partial placement of tail unit tailings in it, and centering elements covering the bullet. The bullet has a droplet-like aerodynamic shape and a length of the order of 2.0-3.5 of the barrel bore diameter, and at the same time: on the cylindrical surface of the shank of the bullet head part, there is a step height (0.1-0 , 2) mm to create a cushioning gap and increase the strength of the connection of the head and tail parts of the bullet during the shot; the outer surface of the bullet head is smooth, its diameter is (0.70-0.82) the diameter of the barrel bore of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired; the tail support and stabilizing part of the bullet is formed by the mating cylinder with the shank of the bullet, having a hollow conical cone, outside of which, at an angle of 6-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, there are stabilizer tail blades in an amount of at least six and a length of at least 0.8 barrel diameter while on the inner surface of the mating cylinder at a depth of a (approximately 4 mm) there is a step height (0.1-0.2) mm for the possibility of creating a shock-absorbing gap before the shot and sampling (collapsing) of this gap increase joint strength elements bullet during firing; the swing of the tail of the bullet is (0.70-0.82) the diameter of the bore of the barrel of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired; The centering elements covering the bullet and the wad-shutter are made as a single body by casting in a special mold, while the centering elements covering the bullet are connected to the wad-seal with thin segments of low strength with the possibility of cutting them with a force of not more than 15 kg; the centering elements surrounding the bullet in the region of the tail feathers of the bullet tail have an inner diameter of approximately 1 mm larger than the tail swing to prevent the head and tail from separating.

In addition, one of the execution options for the Broadsword bullet is that the bullet head has a lead head with an express void - a funnel to increase the stopping effect when shooting large animals when hunting, such as the well-known Poleva-3 bullet. For sports shooting on shooting stands, the use of express emptiness - a funnel at the bullet of the sub-caliber Broadsword is not a prerequisite.

This bullet uses a fundamentally new principle of separating centering elements covering the bullet. Due to the fact that the centering elements covering the bullet are connected to the wad-shutter with thin segments of low strength with the possibility of cutting them with a force of not more than 15 kg, their separation can occur even at the stage of equipping the bullet of the subcaliber "Broadsword" into the cartridge by pressing the bullet to powder charge with an force of more than 15 kg to ensure the cutting of thin segments of low strength with a thickness of approximately 0.6 mm, which connect the wad-seal and the centering elements enclosing the bullet.

In FIG. presents a General view of the claimed bullet "Broadsword" in the context. As shown in Fig., The Broadsword bullet contains: a head part 1; tail part 2; shank of the head part 3; plumage blades 4; cylindrical protrusion 5; cushioning clearance a; wad-shutter 6; covering the bullet centering elements 7 with thin segments of low strength 8.

The flight path of the Broadsword bullet, which has a ballistic coefficient of 0.18, was calculated by the Flow Vision program - ballistic calculation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlzmzvosHXo). Calculations show that during the execution of the Broadsword bullet on a trajectory in air with an initial (muzzle) speed of 450 m / s, it maintains a high flight speed of 360 m / s at a maximum distance of 100 m.

The most famous long-range sub-caliber bullets of the PPD (Poleva long-range bullet), which has a ballistic coefficient of 0.12) and Poleva Magnum bullet, which has a ballistic coefficient of 0.06, at an initial (muzzle) speed of 450 m / s at a distance of 100 m have significantly more low flight speeds: 330 m / s and 282 m / s, respectively.

Currently, drawings have been developed for the proposed Broadsword bullet, which has a total weight of 35.9 g with a wad-shutter (30 g head, 1.6 g tail), and a wad wiper with centering elements covering the bullet, having a common weight 4.3 g

The “Broadsword” bullet is equipped with a cartridge for smooth-bore weapons using traditional methods both on automatic equipment lines and manually. Cutting of thin segments of low strength with a thickness of approximately 0.6 mm can occur, for example, when sealing a cartridge case equipped with a bullet by rolling. Therefore, in the cartridge ready for firing, the centering elements 7 enclosing the bullet are already separated from the wad-seal and tightly sandwiched between the bullet and the inner surface of the sleeve.

The design of a bullet equipped with a cartridge for smoothbore weapons works as follows:

In a matter of milliseconds of impact of the striker of the trigger mechanism of the gun on the igniter capsule, the initiating composition of the cartridge igniter capsule and the powder charge from it ignite, and at the same time, the initial pressure surge in the charging chamber occurs, which entails the selection (collapse) of the shock-absorbing gap of length "A" at the Broadsword bullet.

Due to the significant inertial mass of the bullet, the initial increase in the volume of the projectile space occurs mainly due to the selection (collapse) of the cushioning gap “α”. This increase in the volume of the projectile space and allows you to increase the mass of the powder charge to increase the initial velocity of the bullet without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases during the shot. At this time, a reliable one-piece connection of the head and tail parts of the bullet occurs.

A further increase in the projectile space occurs only due to the movement of the bullet in the direction of the muzzle of the barrel. Acceleration of the Broadsword bullet in the barrel is ensured by the pressure of the powder gases, which is transmitted to the tail of the bullet through the wad-seal.

When passing the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the gun and the flight of the Broadsword bullet in the air, the wad-shutter 6 and the centering elements 7 covering the bullet are easily and quickly separated from the bullet by the pressure of the incoming air flow. In the future, one bullet flies along the trajectory to hit the target. When it moves along the trajectory, any random disturbances of the bullet’s flight at relatively small moments of inertia relative to its main axes with a compact head part 1 and a lightweight tail part 2 are quickly compensated by the developed working surfaces of the feathering blades 4.

The flight path of the Broadsword bullet was calculated by the Flow Vision program - ballistics calculation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlzmzvosHXo). Calculations show that during the flight of the Broadsword bullet on a trajectory in the air, installed under a small angle to its longitudinal axis of the tail unit 4 rather quickly:

- inform the bullet of a small angular velocity of rotation, insufficient for gyroscopic stabilization, but quite acceptable to compensate for errors in the aerodynamic shape and axial imbalance of the center of mass of the bullet;

- reduce the constant lateral withdrawal of the bullet from the trajectory without significant loss of muzzle energy of the bullet;

- dampen random vibrations of the bullet axis relative to its center of mass arising from the action of random disturbances: asymmetries of the gas flow at the bore of the barrel, atmospheric inhomogeneities, pressure pulsations behind the front of the shock wave, and also small obstacles - grass, small branches.

In terms of application, the proposed design of the bullet and cartridge positively proved itself when the target is hidden by shrubs, tall grass, reeds and tree branches. When hunting, it has the necessary accuracy even at firing ranges of 100-150 m.

Claims (2)

1. Bullet arrow type stabilization, containing a monolithic head part of a radial, or conical, or flat-end shape made of a plastic lead alloy, with a cylindrical shank, and a tail part with plumage, connected into a single axisymmetric aerodynamic body; wad-shutter with obturating skirt, having a recess for partial placement of tail unit tailings in it, and centering elements covering the bullet in the amount of three pieces, characterized in that the bullet has a droplet-like aerodynamic shape and a length of the order of 2.0-3.5 barrel diameter and at the same time, on the cylindrical surface of the shank of the bullet head, at a distance of α, approximately 4 mm, from the end there is a step 0.1-0.2 mm high to create a cushioning gap and increase the bond strength of the head and tail parts whether during the shot, the outer surface of the bullet’s head is smooth, its diameter is 0.70-0.82 of the bore diameter of the barrel of the smooth-bore weapon from which it is fired, the tail supporting-guiding stabilizing part of the bullet is formed by a mating cylinder with a bullet shaft having a hollow conical fairing, on the outside of which, at the angle of 6-10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, the stabilizer tail blades are located in an amount of at least six and a length of at least 0.8 barrel bore diameter, while on the inner surface and the mating cylinder at a depth of α, approximately 4 mm, there is a ledge with a height of 0.1-0.2 mm for the possibility of creating a cushioning gap before starting a shot and selecting this gap with an increase in the bond strength of the bullet elements during the shot, the swing of the tail of the bullet is 0.70-0.82 of the bore diameter of the barrel of a smoothbore weapon from which it is fired, centering elements covering the bullet and wad seal are made as a single body by casting in a special mold, while the center covering the bullet The adjusting elements are connected to the wad-shutter with thin segments of low strength, approximately 0.6 mm thick, with the possibility of cutting them with a force of not more than 15 kg, the centering elements covering the bullet in the region of the tail fin fins have an inner diameter of approximately 1 mm more than the scope of the plumage to prevent the possibility of separation of the head and tail parts of the bullet while passing its choke narrowing smooth-bore weapons. 2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet head has a lead head with an express void - a funnel to increase the stopping effect when shooting large animals when hunting.

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