RU2537016C1 - Bullet cartridge for smooth-bore guns - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition, in particular, to bullet cartridges for smooth-bore guns, and may be used for sports firing and firing to hunt for a wild boar, a deer and other large animals. In a bullet cartridge for smooth-bore guns in a case there is an additional part of a missile charge made of slowly burning powder and separated from the main missile charge made from quickly burning powder, by a membrane with a hole. At the same time the mass of the additional part of the missile charge makes 45-55% of the mass of the main missile charge, and on the front end of the bullet there is a cylindrical cavity with diameter of more than 9 mm and depth of 0.5 mm. Also the mass of the main missile charge makes at least 10% of the mass of the bullet projectile, and the structure of the bullet projectile comprises three parts: a metal damaging part, a composite container and a tail unit.

EFFECT: invention provides for simplified design of a bullet cartridge for smooth-bore guns, increased safety of firing and speed of flight of a bullet projectile due to increased mass of a missile charge without increase of maximum pressure of powder gases.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to bullet cartridges for smoothbore guns, and can be used for sport shooting and shooting when hunting wild boar, deer and other large animals.

Known cartridge for smoothbore guns of the company BFS Sauvestre France (Article "Bullet Sovestra is now in Russia", magazine "Kalashnikov, WEAPONS, AMMUNITION, EQUIPMENT, No. 2, 2000), which is selected for the prototype.

Known for the prototype bullet cartridge, as claimed, also contains a sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge, and a sub-caliber swept bullet projectile with a composite container that separates when the bullet projectile leaves the barrel and acts as a wad-seal, and a plastic tail that protrudes from compound container and immersed in a propelling charge.

The bullet cartridge known for the prototype, although it is positioned by the manufacturer as the highest-speed bullet cartridge, has a relatively low initial velocity of the bullet projectile (500-580 m / s) and a complex structure. The initial velocity of the bullet 500-580 m / s is significantly inferior to the initial velocity of bullets for rifled long-barreled hunting rifles, which is at least 750 m / s. The complexity of the design of the bullet cartridge, known by the prototype, lies in the fact that the bullet shell consists of four different parts: two metal parts connected by a thread and forming a metal striking part of the bullet shell, a composite container and plumage. The aim of the invention is to simplify the design of the cartridge and increase the speed of the bullet to a value close to the speed of bullet cartridges for rifled long-barreled hunting rifles by increasing the mass of the propellant charge without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases inside the barrel of the smooth-bore weapon.

The task to simplify the design of the cartridge, to increase the safety of firing of cartridges from rifles with an under-barrel tubular magazine and to increase the flight speed of the bullet without increasing the maximum pressure of the powder gases is solved by the fact that in the claimed cartridge: an additional part of the propellant charge made of slowly burning gunpowder is placed and separated from the main propellant charge made of rapidly burning gunpowder, a diaphragm with a hole, while the mass of the additional part of the propellant charge a is 45-55% of the mass of the main projectile charge, and a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of more than 9 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm is made at the front end of the bullet, while the mass of the main projectile charge is at least 10% of the mass of the bullet projectile a bullet projectile consists of three parts (metal striking part, composite container and plumage) instead of four parts as in the prototype cartridge.

In Fig. 1 shows a General view of the claimed cartridge in the context. The cartridge consists of: a sleeve 1, an igniter capsule 2, an additional part of a propellant charge made of slowly burning gunpowder, 3, a main propellant charge made of rapidly burning gunpowder 4, a diaphragm with a hole 5, a composite container 6, a metal striking part of a bullet shell 7, a cylindrical cavity at the front end of the metal striking part 8 and plumage 9.

Figure 2 shows the design of the bullet projectile cartridge, known by the prototype. The bullet projectile of the cartridge, known by the prototype, consists of the first part of the metal striking part of the bullet projectile 10, the second part of the metal striking part of the bullet projectile 11, the composite container 6 and the tail unit 9.

The cartridge works as follows: from the strike of a shotgun, the igniter capsule of cartridge 2 fires and an additional part of the propellant charge 3 lights up, the mass of which is selected experimentally in the range (45-55)% of the mass of the main propellant charge, and the pressure of the powder gases begins to increase, which stand out from the combustion of an additional part of the propellant charge. The peak values of this pressure of the powder gases despite the absence of a shock-absorbing element in the bullet shell are reduced due to the shock-absorbing action (compression) of the main propellant charge 4, separated from the additional part of the propellant charge 3 by a diaphragm with a hole 5. In addition, after a while, when the assembly: the diaphragm with a hole 5, the main propelling charge 4 and the bullet shell acquired a certain speed, the main propelling charge lights up. The burning of the main propellant charge 4, the mass of which is selected experimentally, but not less than 10% of the mass of the bullet projectile, no longer causes the maximum pressure of the powder gases to exceed the level limited by the strength of the gun, because the bullet projectile is already moving at a fairly high speed and volume bullet space in the barrel due to the movement of the bullet shell increases sharply. After passing the muzzle narrowing of the barrel of the gun and the flight of the bullet projectile in the air, the composite container 6 is separated from the metal striking part 7 and the plumage 9. In the future, the assembly moves along the trajectory: the metal striking part 7 with the plumage 9.

The following design documentation is being developed for one of the specific options for the implementation of the new cartridge design at OJSC NMZ Iskra. The material used for the hunting bullet was: steel of the grade "Art.3 according to GOST 380-2005". As the material for the version of the armor-piercing bullet projectile for the needs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, steel of the grade “Art. U12A according to GOST 1435-99. ”

For equipment, one of the options of the proposed cartridge caliber 12/70 was chosen. 5 rounds of bullets with a bullet shell (the mass of the metal striking part together with the plumage of 20 g, the total mass of the bullet shell of 25 g, the outer diameter of the metal striking part 11) were equipped with Sheddit plastic capsule shells of caliber 12/70 (CX-2000 primer-igniter) , 8 mm) with the following loading conditions: mass of the main metal charge 2.5 g (REX II gunpowder), mass of the additional part of the propellant charge 1.2 g (Sunar 42 gunpowder). The total mass of the propellant charge was 3.7 g. An additional part of the propellant charge was separated from the main propellant charge by a cardboard diaphragm with a central hole of 1.8 mm diameter. The outer diameter of the aperture is 19 mm and the thickness of the aperture is 1.5 mm. Cartridge shells were sealed by rolling. When rolling cartridge cartridges with special sunset heads, the front end of the striking part, having a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of 9 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm, protruded 5 mm above the end of the rolled cartridge. However, the presence at the end of the metal striking part of the cylindrical cavity ensured the safety of firing even from the MP-153 rifle, which has an under-barrel tubular magazine. This cavity with the selected geometric dimensions does not allow to pierce the igniter capsule of one cartridge located in the underbarrel tube store, with the end face of the metal striking part of another cartridge, also located in the underbarrel tube store.

As a result of the firing of 5 pieces of cartridges according to the invention from a MP-153 self-loading rifle with an under-barrel tubular magazine with a flight speed measurement at a distance of 2.5 meters from the muzzle end, an average speed of 700 m / s was obtained. The maximum pressure of operational cartridges did not exceed the strength of the MP-153 rifle, i.e. it was less than 1050 bar.

To demonstrate the advantages of the bullet cartridge according to the invention, the ballistic tests of 5 rounds of 12/70 caliber with a bullet Sovestra (weight 25.0 g) from BFS Sauvestra France, known as the prototype and acquired in the hunting store in Novosibirsk. The mass of the propellant charge in the purchased cartridges was 2.6 g. As a result of ballistic tests of 12/70 caliber cartridges with the Sovestra bullet received:

Speed, average (distance 2.5 m) - 569 m / s Minimum speed (2.5 m distance) - 553 m / s Maximum pressure, average - 1246 bar

An analysis of the obtained experimental data shows that the cartridges according to the invention provide an initial velocity of a bullet projectile of 700 m / s (kinetic energy 6125 J) instead of 569 m / s (kinetic energy 4038 J), as in the cartridges of the prototype, i.e. the increase in speed was 23%. The increase in the kinetic energy of a bullet projectile, the magnitude of which plays a major role in the effectiveness of a bullet projectile, is 51%.

In a specific embodiment of the cartridge according to the prototype, the assembly moving along the trajectory: the metal striking part 7 with the plumage 9 had such a diameter and weight as the similar cartridge assembly according to the prototype, which provided them with an identical ballistic coefficient of air resistance. The assembly length was 50 mm. The length of the plumage is 18 mm. The outer diameter of the metal striking part was 11.8 mm. The mass of the assembly is 20 g. Such geometric and weight parameters of the assembly provide a high lateral load of the assembly: the ratio of the mass of the assembly to the area of its mid-section. The transverse load is 1800 g / cm. Therefore, it is possible in the first approximation to assume that the distance is 100 m assembly: the metal damaging part with the plumage of the cartridge according to the invention flies in 23% less time than for a cartridge known by the prototype. These estimates are consistent with the calculations performed on a Hawke Chair Gun Pro v.4.0.4 ballistic calculator from Hawke Sport Optics USA. In this regard, a decrease in the assembly trajectory when flying a distance of 100 m will decrease in the first approximation by 51% and will be 12 cm, instead of the declared reduction in the trajectory for a cartridge of the prototype 18 cm. the trajectory flatness at a distance of 100 m improved by 6 cm and substantially approached the flatness of the bullet cartridges trajectory to rifled long-barreled hunting rifles. And the probability of hitting in real conditions strongly depends on this characteristic. Simplistically, it can be said that the more trajectory is, the less the arrow error in determining the range to the target affects the probability of a bullet projectile. In rapidly changing hunting conditions it is easy to make a mistake of 15-20 m, and for other bullet shells at a distance of more than 50 m, the difference in height between the points of contact at 50 m and 75 m is up to 30 cm - it’s easy to “miss”. The difference between the points of impact of the bullet projectile according to the invention will be, as a first approximation, only 4 cm — you don’t want to miss. This analysis confirms the efficiency and usefulness of the invention.

The need to place a plumage of large length (18 mm) inside the main propellant charge with a limited total mass of the propellant charge requires an increase of approximately two times the mass of the main propellant charge. Those. the relation is just fulfilled that the mass of the additional part of the metal charge is 45-55% of the mass of the main propellant charge. Otherwise, the plumage will not be fully immersed in the powder of the main propellant charge, but rely on the diaphragms with a hole, which is not permissible.

It is a well-known fact that to ensure a high muzzle kinetic energy of a bullet projectile it is necessary to have a high mass of propellant charge. In the cartridge according to the invention, the total mass of the metal charge is 3.7 g, in the cartridge according to the prototype 2.6 g, i.e. 1.42 times less. The kinetic energies of bullet shells differ by about the same amount (1.51 times). This confirms the completeness of combustion of the propellant charge when firing a cartridge known by the prototype, as well as the need to ensure a high initial velocity of bullet shells (at least 700 m / s) to have a total mass of propellant charge of at least 3.7 g. part requires a third part of the total mass, then the mass of the main metal charge should be at least 2.5 g. Therefore, with a mass of a bullet shell of 25 g, the mass of the main metal charge should be at least 10% of the mass of the bullet shell.

It is important to note that the high-speed bullet cartridge according to the invention is a dual-use solution and can be used both for the production of hunting and sports cartridges, and in the manufacture of special cartridges for the needs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Claims (2)

1. Bullet cartridge for smooth-bore guns, containing a sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge and a sub-caliber arrow-shaped bullet projectile with a composite container that detaches when the bullet projectile leaves the barrel and acts as a wad-seal, and a plumage that protrudes from the composite container and immersed in a propellant charge, characterized in that an additional portion of the propellant charge made of slowly burning gunpowder and separated from the main propellant charge is placed in the sleeve filled with rapidly burning gunpowder, with a diaphragm with a hole, while the mass of the additional part of the propellant charge is 45-55% of the mass of the main propellant charge, and a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of more than 9 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm is made at the front end of the bullet shell, while the mass the main propellant charge is at least 10% of the mass of the bullet shell. 2. Bullet cartridge for smoothbore guns according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet shell consists of three parts: a metal striking part, plumage and a composite container.

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