RU102781U1 - CARTRIDGE FOR GUNS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is aimed at expanding the arsenal of means of active self-defense of traumatic action and creating a cartridge with the highest possible immobilizing effect in accordance with the historically established parameters of short-barreled firearms, in particular a pistol based on a Makarov pistol (PM), as well as optimizing the cartridge for traumatic weapons with a barrel bore whose diameter is greater than the diameter of the chamber. This is achieved by the fact that the diameter of the sleeve is not more than 11.43 mm, the length is not more than 25 mm, and the ratio of the diameters of the free and equipped bullets in the sleeve is not less than 1.21. 3 cpf, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to cartridges with elastically deformed propelling equipment for pistols and is intended to immobilize offenders by non-fatal mechanical damage.

The prior art cartridge for pistols with the ability to fire an elastically deformable (rubber) bullet [1]. It is intended for temporary immobilization of the offender by non-fatal mechanical impact.

The cartridge contains a sleeve with a length of up to 31.5 mm and a diameter of 9.88-10.00 mm, a propelling charge, missile equipment in the form of one or two spherical damaging elements of elastically deformable material. The product manufactured by Barnaul Cartridge Plant CJSC has a diameter ratio of undeformed and inserted into the bullet sleeve in the range 1.15-1.20. The main disadvantage of this analogue is the small diameter of the bullet (up to 10.2 mm) and, hence, high penetrating ability, which is undesirable for non-lethal weapons of self-defense. Another drawback of the cartridge is the length of the cartridge case, which does not allow it to be used in pistols, the dimensions of which correspond to weapons previously developed for 9 mm Browning kurz cartridges (i.e., not more than 25 mm long, including the Makarov PM pistol).

A cartridge is also known that contains a sleeve with a propelling charge placed in it and a bullet made of an elastic material, the diameter of which is in the range 1.10-1.30 of the inner diameter of the sleeve cavity [2]. The lower limit of this range does not fully meet the interest of maximizing the stopping and minimizing the breakdown action of a bullet in conditions of reducing or maintaining the dimensions of the cartridge, which should be considered a disadvantage.

Also known cartridge, which is selected as a prototype [3]. It includes a sleeve up to 25 mm long (actually about 22.4 mm) and a diameter of 11.9-12.1 mm, a propelling charge and a spherical bullet with a diameter of 13 mm from an elastically deformable material. The ratio of the diameters of the undeformed and inserted into the sleeve of bullets does not exceed 1.20.

It is noteworthy that the bulk of civilian traumatic pistols and revolvers copy military analogs, so the ammunition used in them has certain dimensions. These analogues were previously developed for cartridges, the transverse dimensions of the case shells (outer diameter of about 10 mm) correspond to popular cartridges of the type 9 mm Browning kurz, 9 mm Parabellum, etc. It should also be noted that the capacity of a single-row magazine for the indicated type of cartridges, determined by ergonomic and some technical considerations, is limited to eight cartridges, i.e. the sum of the diameters of the eight liners is about 80 mm. Its excess, aggravated by the necessary increase in the height of the store’s spring, leads to a significant lengthening of the pistol grip and incomplete correspondence to her human hand with average anthropometric data, especially to the female hand. In addition, the working spring preload force of the magazine increases significantly, which negatively affects the insertion force and the extraction of the upper cartridge in particular. The eight-seat store has the most popular short-barreled weapon in Russia - the 9-mm Makarov pistol (PM). The working space of the case of his store is about 80 mm, in connection with which the gun under the prototype cartridge holds only six cartridges in its store (their total height is more than 72 mm and there is not enough space for the seventh cartridge). This is a disadvantage of the prototype.

The necessity to have certain dimensions contradicts the fact that the required mass of the powder charge in traumatic cartridges is much less than that of structures with metal bullets. Excessive volume of the charging chamber violates the optimality of the loading conditions (reduces its density or increases the unproductive part of the mass), leads, respectively, to inefficient use (decrease in efficiency), and, often, to incomplete combustion of the powder charge, being, among other negative consequences, the cause of the release of powders in the face of the shooter and, mainly, contamination of the internal cavities of the weapon. The charge weight of the prototype is, in particular, about 0.24 g, from which we can conclude about its low efficiency, which is also a disadvantage. It is also well known that with an increase in the diameter of the sleeve, not only do the transverse dimensions of the weapon increase and its charge decreases, i.e. the amount of ammunition placed in the magazine (drum), but also there are difficulties (direct or potential) with ensuring the supply of cartridges into the chamber due to the increased distance between the axis of the bore and the axis of the upper cartridge in the magazine. In addition, in recent years, a large number of traumatic pistols and revolvers have been introduced into civil circulation, in which firing of projectile equipment is carried out through a cavity with a clearance corresponding to or more than the chamber cross-sectional area. The utilization of the energy of the powder charge in such weapons is much higher, and the maximum gas pressure is lower than that of traditional samples, and the larger the ratio of the diameter of the undeformed and the diameter of the bullet loaded into the sleeve, the higher the utilization of energy. The mentioned analogues do not quite correspond to this weapon.

With acts of self-defense, situations more often than others occur where it is advisable to effectively immobilize the offender, and not cause him death. Therefore, the main task to which the utility model is directed is to expand the arsenal of means of active self-defense of non-lethal action.

The second goal of this technical solution is to create a pistol (revolving) cartridge with traumatic missile equipment, having in combination of its geometric and ballistic properties the maximum possible (for a pistol or revolving cartridge) immobilizing (stopping) effect, in accordance with the historically established dimensions of short-barreled firearms, including the number of small-sized and providing, among other things, the greatest capacity of the store (drum) or minimizing the overall size gun (revolver) while maintaining the basic operational properties of the appointment of a traumatic weapon (sufficient stopping and reduced penetration).

The third goal is a more efficient use of the structural, technological and material resources of enterprises upgrading weapons or ammunition and minimizing the costs of preparing production (using previously used technologies, know-how, equipment, tools, etc.).

Another objective of the invention is to the greatest extent mutually consistent with the capabilities of the design of pistols (revolvers), in which the lumen of the cavity for the exit of the missile equipment beyond the weapons corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the chamber or, in particular, more than that. In this case, of course, the claimed cartridge, although with slightly lower efficiency, can be used in pistols (revolvers) of a different design.

Additional goals of the technical solution are stabilization of the parameters of the shot with light missile equipment (pressure of the powder gases and the initial velocity of the bullets), mainly at different angles of declination of the weapon and increasing the utilization of energy of the shot and, thus, reducing the charge chamber and the mass of the powder charge.

Another task is to maximize compliance with the traumatic pistol created on the basis of the Makarov pistol (PM), as well as pistols of this class, for example, the Jorge traumatic pistol (Klimovsky specialized cartridge plant, Klimovsk, Moscow region).

These goals are achieved by optimizing the geometric parameters of the cartridge (sleeve and bullet), namely, by the fact that the cartridge sleeve is up to 25 mm long, in the cavity of which a propellant charge and an elastically deformable bullet are placed, the diameter of which is not less than 1 before it is equipped in the sleeve , 21 of the maximum diameter of the equipped bullet, has an outer diameter of the sleeve up to 11.43 mm.

In special cases, the outer diameter of the sleeve is not more than 10 mm and / or the ratio of the maximum diameters of the free and compressed bullet is more than 1.3, and the diameter of the bullet is not less than 11 mm.

The causal relationship between the above essential features and the achieved result is explained as follows.

Due to the need to exert a psychological effect on the offender, as well as the established traditions, the basic nomenclature of hand-held traumatic weapons in terms of appearance and dimensions repeats combat analogues. In this case, the cartridges have certain geometric parameters, functionally dependent on the weapon, which should be ergonomic when used, worn and maintained. Moreover, the most popular is the Makarov pistol (PM), on the basis of which the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant is currently manufacturing pistols for traumatic cartridges MP-79-TM (Makarych, cartridge diameter 9.5 mm, single-row magazine for 8 rounds) and MP -80-13T (cartridge diameter about 12 mm, magazine - 6 rounds). Naturally, the use of the maximum possible number of parameters of the basic prototypes in the development and production of traumatic weapons and ammunition for it allows you to save various resources, in particular, accumulated for the production of the most common cartridges with a diameter of cartridges of 9.5 mm, 9.95 mm and 10 mm, as well as pistols designed for these cartridges. It should be noted that the smaller the diameter and length of the sleeve, the more technologically advanced (material consumption decreases, in some cases the number of necessary operations, the number of cracks for cutting, the consumption of a stamping tool, etc., etc.).

According to the table of maximum cartridge sizes and minimum chamber sizes of the International Commission of the Brussels Convention for the Recognition of Test Marks of Handguns (C.I.P.), the maximum cartridge length for a Makarov pistol is 25 mm. Since the bullet of the traumatic cartridge into the sleeve is allowed to be completely sunk, the length of the sleeve may correspond to the length of the cartridge. Thus, a cartridge with a sleeve of the indicated length can be used in a pistol for traumatic cartridges based on a Makarov pistol (PM) without modifying the frame. The height of the working space of his eight-seat magazine, equal to 80 mm, can accommodate seven rounds with a sleeve diameter of 11.43 mm. In turn, an elastically deformable bullet with a diameter of 13 mm (or more) is equipped in the cavity of such a sleeve with the achievement of such ballistic parameters as the prototype (or higher) with a simultaneous increase in the store’s charge. Historically, the most optimal sleeve diameter for most pistols from the point of view of minimizing the conversion of weapons from combat into civilian traumatic - 10 mm. In particular, the diameter of the sleeve of the standard cartridge for PM is 9.95 mm, however, without transformation of the geometric parameters of the shutter and its elements, cartridges with a sleeve diameter of 10 mm can be freely used. This size, as well as the length of the 25 mm sleeve, corresponds to other pistols created on the basis of 9 mm caliber pistols, for example, the Jorge pistol.

The most reasonable analogue [2] has a ratio of the diameters of the free and compressed in the sleeve bullet (D / d) in the range of 1.10 ÷ 1.30. However, in order to increase the basic consumer properties (increase the stopping effect and / or decrease the breakdown effect), it is necessary to strive to maximize the mentioned ratio. In this case, it is impractical to indicate the upper boundary ratio D / d, as well as the lower limit of the length and also the diameter of the sleeve, since they are limited to "automatically." The first - the properties of the material and the construction of the bullet, the geometric parameters of the cavity of the sleeve, as well as the need to have a certain amount of charging chamber. The second and third - the total amount of missile equipment and propellant charge, taking into account the required loading density. It is noteworthy that all three of these parameters are mutually limited.

The wall thickness of the liner is also limited by the lower limit, both by the need to ensure strength, integrity during firing and ease of removal from the chamber after firing, and technological considerations. This circumstance connects the outer diameter of the sleeve with the maximum possible diameter of the cavity, and, therefore, with the index D / d. Maximizing the D / d ratio, which is a function of the diameter of the liner cavity (and through it the outer diameter of the liner) favorably affects the efficiency of the cartridge as a heat engine, possessing a synergistic effect in combination with minimizing the length of the liner (actually the depth of the liner cavity). In particular, experiments show that the cartridge-analogue [1] with a D / d of up to 1.20 provides a kinetic energy of 0.75 J bullets with a P-45 gunpowder charge of at least 0.20 g. With the same sleeve length, a ratio of D / d = 1.21 and a powder charge of 1.65 g provides kinetic energy of about 90 J. A decrease in the length of the sleeve to 24.6 mm and an index of D / d = 1.21 leads to an increase in the kinetic energy of the bullet to more than 100 J with a charge mass of 0.15 g.

In addition, according to practical data, up to D / d = 1.20, depending on the taper of the sleeve cavity, chamber volume, ambient temperature, properties of the bullet material and its coating with technological lubricants, sometimes the bullet is squeezed out when it is mounted in the sleeve. This creates problems in cases where the insertion of a bullet and the shaping of the muzzle are separate operations or when to increase the loading density it is necessary to deepen the bullet inside the cavity of the sleeve.

The most effective use of cartridges with a high D / d value (above 1.20) in weapons, where the diameter of the cavity for the exit of the missile equipment (for example, the barrel) corresponds to the diameter of the chamber (cartridge) or, in particular, more than it. In the latter case, the radial expansion of the missile equipment almost to its initial state occurs inside the weapon when the pressure of the powder gases in the projectile space is high. In this case, the force acting on the bullet from the gas side increases in proportion to the increase in its cross-sectional area, and the friction force on the cavity wall decreases significantly and can be reduced to zero. Thus, the higher the D / d index, the more significant the energy utilization of the powder charge and the lower its required mass, therefore, the smaller the volume of the charging chamber, which frees up space for accommodating missile equipment, and this, in turn, allows you to increase the D / d ratio etc.

According to the forensic requirements for weapons with the possibility of firing an elastically deformable bullet, a shot lead bullet charged from the muzzle of the barrel should not have a specific energy of more than 0.5 J / mm ² . It is known from practice that this indicator does not reach a muzzle-charged lead bullet with a diameter of more than 10 mm. In this regard, it is desirable that the channel for firing missile equipment (barrel) had a diameter of more than 10 mm. In most pistols and traumatic revolvers made according to the scheme in question, the channel diameter is about 11 mm or more. The diameter of a bullet for firing from such a weapon in order to realize its technical capabilities should be at least 11 mm, which, by the way, for a shell of a standard diameter of 9.95 mm will be expressed by the ratio D / d≥1.21. According to studies, if a spherical bullet touches the walls of the channel along the entire perimeter, in order to minimize radial oscillations of the bullet, it is desirable to have at least a ten percent excess of the diameter of the bullet over the diameter of the channel. If you follow this requirement, the diameter of the bullet should be at least 12 mm, and the indicator D / d> 1.30. It should be borne in mind that a ten percent excess is optimal and an increase in this indicator leads to an increase in the friction force between the bullet and the channel walls.

In all cases, the loading density in the cartridge with the declared features is higher than in the prototype, which also increases the efficiency (increases the completeness of combustion of the charge) and stabilizes the parameters of the shot with light throwable equipment, especially at weapon declination angles, when gunpowder can move around in free space along the sleeve, moving away from the means of initiation or approaching it.

The claimed also allows you to save the charge of the weapon (the number of cartridges placed in the store or drum) while increasing the caliber of the weapon (diameter of the bullet) or increase the charge while maintaining the caliber.

The cartridge diagram is presented in the figure, where:

1 - sleeve

2 - propellant charge

3 - missile equipment (elastically deformable bullet)

d is the maximum diameter of the bullet deformed in the sleeve (3).

D is the maximum diameter of the bullet to its equipment in the sleeve (3).

In the cavity of the sleeve (1) with a diameter of 11.43 mm and a length of up to 25 mm there is a propelling charge (2) and an elastically deformable bullet (3). Bullet (3) in its initial state has a spherical (close to a ball) shape with a diameter D. In a charged state, due to the elastic properties of the material, it is deformed to a diameter d, and the D / d ratio is 1.21 or more. The specific ratio (one should strive to maximize it) is selected based on the material, the presence or absence of technological lubricant on the pool (3) and / or inner wall of the sleeve (1), the volume of the cavity necessary to accommodate the propellant charge of the required mass and charge density, and other structural or technological conditions. If the diameter of the sleeve is 11.43 mm, then seven rounds fit into the store’s working space of 80 mm (the ergonomically optimal value for weapons of the most common 9 mm caliber, the outer diameter of which is about 10 mm). If the diameter of the sleeve corresponds to 10 mm - eight rounds. The latter technical solution is preferred in view of the following circumstances. Firstly, it minimizes the transformation of a 9-mm caliber combat pistol or revolver into a civilian counterpart to traumatic action. Secondly, it simplifies the organization of the manufacture of traumatic cartridges, as a sleeve with a diameter of 9.5 ÷ 10.0 mm is the most mass in production (especially with a diameter of 9.95 and 10.00 mm). In any case, the declared geometric parameters are not only optimal in combining the damaging effect and ergonomic properties, but they can significantly reduce the costs of preparing the production and, in fact, the production.

Under conditions of limiting the length of the sleeve (up to 25 mm) and the D / d ratio (at least 1.21), the missile equipment (3) occupies such a volume of the cavity that the volume of the charging chamber is optimized (according to experimental data, the required mass of gunpowder to achieve an energy bullet of about 100 J or more is 0.15 g). At the same time, even at weapon declination angles, gunpowder has less ability to move along the sleeve (or there is no such possibility), changing the position of the charge relative to the means of initiation. These circumstances are factors in stabilizing the ballistic parameters of the shot.

After departure from the weapon, the radial load from the missile equipment (3) is removed, the latter takes the form close to the original. In particular, bullets of the cartridge-analogue, deformed to a ratio of D / d = 1.33 and removed from the sleeve after three years of storage, regained their original shape without visually noticeable changes.

If a shot is fired from a weapon with a clearance of the exit cavity of a corresponding or more cross-section of the chamber, the radial expansion of the missile equipment (3) occurs inside the weapon quite close to the chamber under conditions of powder gas pressure close to the maximum characteristic of a particular cartridge design. Under these conditions, the force acting on the bullet, and, consequently, the acceleration of the bullet increases in proportion to the increase in its cross-sectional area. Thus, even with a decrease in the pressure of the powder gases, an increase in the acceleration of the bullet occurs, which, as an additional factor, contributes to a decrease in the friction between the bullet and the walls of the channel.

The given examples and the scheme do not limit the scope of the utility model reflected in the formula of the utility model.

Information sources

1. Pistol cartridge for traumatic action 10 × 32 TM, drawing IZHMV 771823.004, TU 7272-045-13969814-2005, manufacturer of ZAO Barnaul Cartridge Plant, Barnaul, ul. Kulagina, 28.

2. Traumatic cartridge, Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation 2348892

3. The cartridge of caliber 45 RUBER with a rubber bullet, TU 7272-054-13052820-08, manufacturer of ZAO Techkrim, Izhevsk, ul. Golyanskiy village, 28

Claims (4)

1. A cartridge for pistols, including a sleeve with a length of not more than 25 mm, in the cavity of which a propellant charge and an elastically deformable bullet are placed, the maximum diameter of a spherical bullet before it is loaded into the sleeve refers to the maximum diameter of a bullet deformed in the sleeve as 1.21 or more, differing the fact that the diameter of the sleeve is not more than 11.43 mm 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the sleeve is not more than 10 mm 3. The cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diameter of the bullet is at least 11 mm. 4. The cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio of the maximum diameter of the undeformed bullet to the maximum diameter of the bullet inside the liner cavity is more than 1.3.