RU2325610C2 - Traumatic cartridge for pistols with sliding breech and pistol with sliding breech - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: traumatic cartridge for sliding breech pistols comprises cartridge case with a flange being formed by a groove, a propellant charge and at least one bullet completely or partially made of a flexible material. Moreover, a mouth part of the case is necked and is as long as at least 0.13 of the bullet diameter. The angle between the line connecting the extreme points of the outer surface generatrix of the mouth and the cartridge axis is of 8°-26°. A sliding breech pistol for use of said traumatic cartridge comprises mechanism with a cavity for holding the cartridge down in the course of firing with at least one bullet, completely or partially made of a flexible material. A portion of said mechanism cavity intended to receive pressure from the bullet through the cartridge case walls is formed so that the angle between the axis of said cavity for holding the cartridge down and the line connecting the extreme points of the generatrix surface of this cavity portion is of 8°-38°.

EFFECT: extending active defense armoury; optimizing bullet firing parameters at negative ambient temperatures and reducing probability of bullet blocking inside the pistol.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates respectively to ammunition and weapons for their use, namely to cartridges for pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, and also to pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, which are intended mainly for the immobilization of offenders by non-fatal mechanical damage.

The prior art cartridges for traumatic weapons, including a sleeve and missile equipment, partially made of elastically deformable (elastic) material, in this case rubber [1]. The dulce part of the sleeve is not intended for deformation of the bullet and the process of forcing the combustion of the powder charge, therefore it does not constrict, and therefore a special device (gas generator) is additionally necessary for the non-removability of the missile equipment and for providing ballistic parameters for the shot. The presence of an additional device determines the complexity of these cartridges. In addition, the absence of narrowing of the muzzle and the presence of the edge of the sleeve flange are typical for use only in non-automatic hand weapons, which have a very limited distribution, which, as a result, is a gun for firing these cartridges [2].

The prior art also known cartridge, the closest to the claimed technical solution for the totality of design features, which is selected as a prototype [3]. It contains a sleeve with a tapering dulce and with a flange part formed by a groove characteristic of semi-automatic pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge, and missile equipment in the form of a spherical rubber bullet. According to the results of measurements of full-scale samples, the length of the muzzle part intended for deformation of the bullet during the shot (hereinafter referred to as the "muzzle part") is more than 0.13 diameter of the bullet. In turn, the angle between the line connecting the extreme (start and end) points forming the outer surface of the muzzle part, and the axis of the cartridge, is more than 29 ° (actually from 29.5 to 45 ° for various products).

The prior art also known for a gun designed to use traumatic cartridges with an elastic (rubber) bullet and with a flange formed by a groove, selected as a prototype [3]. The sample is semi-automatic, therefore, it has a longitudinally sliding shutter, characteristic of a hand-held self-loading weapon, and a part forming a cavity to keep the cartridge ready to be shot during the shot, in this case the chamber. The portion of the surface of the cavity intended for interaction with the muzzle part of the sleeve is actually a geometric figure formed by rotating a straight line around the axis of the cavity at an angle of 45 °.

It should be noted that pistol cartridges with bullets made of elastic light material and the actual pistols intended for the use of these cartridges are not widely represented in the arsenal of non-lethal (traumatic) means. In addition, the disadvantage of analogues is the non-optimal geometric parameters of the muzzle of the cartridge case, intended for deformation of the bullet and the corresponding surface of the chamber, which leads not only to difficulties in designing weapon parts providing the cartridge in the position for the shot, but also to jammed missile equipment (namely rubber bullets) in the pool entrance or barrel, especially at negative air temperatures.

The latter takes place because the steep slopes of the muzzle and the chamber do not contribute to the gradual radial deformation of the missile equipment, causing excessive axial resistance to the movement of the bullet. Under its influence, the walls of the muzzle part in the initial phase of the shot are actually repelled from the corresponding surfaces of the chamber and are pulled back from the space between the missile equipment and the chamber surface. The frequency of this phenomenon in prototypes increases significantly with the natural ingress of unburnt (during the previous shot) powder and even small fragments of rubber bullets between the surface of the chamber cavity and the muzzle part of the cartridge. The gap formed in this case contributes to the undesirable deformation of the muzzle part of the sleeve, since it does not rest on the chamber cavity surface, but on easily deformable extraneous fragments. The influence of negative factors is maximized when the elasticity of bullets is lost, which is a consequence of a decrease in ambient temperature, in particular in winter. The likelihood of jamming bullets is also increased when using cartridges with a length in the lower part of the tolerance field.

With the above-described development of the process, the missile equipment does not receive proper forward movement and almost all the energy of the shot is utilized at the prohibitive speed of the recoil of the longitudinally sliding shutter, which can lead not only to an unrecoverable delay or breakdown of the gun, but also poses a serious danger to the shooter. Adverse events are exacerbated by the small mass of moving parts of the pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt, characteristic of weapons that use cartridges with light traumatic equipment.

With acts of self-defense, situations are more common than others when it is advisable to immobilize the offender, and not cause him death. Therefore, the main task that the technical solution is aimed at is expanding the arsenal of non-lethal active defense means, namely the creation of a pistol cartridge with elastically deformable throwing equipment and a semi-automatic (as the most acceptable and popular) pistol for its use.

Other objectives stated are:

optimization of the parameters of the shot with an elastic, in a particular case, rubber bullet (s) at a negative ambient temperature and a decrease in the likelihood of bullets getting stuck in a pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt;

reduction in the probability of a cartridge being poked (in a semi-automatic pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt) when it is fed from the dispatch line to the ready-to-fire position, for example, into the chamber, especially in conditions of a large difference in shutter recoil speeds characteristic of unstable ballistic parameters of a shot with light, elastically deformable equipment.

These goals are achieved by optimizing the geometry of the muzzle (designed to deform missile equipment during a shot) in a cartridge containing a propelling charge and missile equipment in the form of bullets (bullets), a cavity or partially made of elastic material (for example, rubber) placed (s) in a sleeve with a flange part formed by a groove, with a tapering (compressed) dulce part with its length exceeding 0.13 bullet diameters.

The cartridge differs from the prototype by the position of the generatrix surface of the muzzle, namely the angle between the axis of the cartridge and the line connecting the extreme (initial and final) points of the generatrix (α), which is 8 ÷ 26 °.

To achieve the goals of the technical solution for firing these cartridges, it is planned to use a gun that allows for the use of ammunition with throwable equipment, at least partially made of elastic material (for example, rubber), having a longitudinally sliding bolt including a part or parts forming a cavity due to its design features to hold the cartridge when firing. Accordingly, the gun differs from the prototype in the position of the generatrix of the surface of the cavity, designed to interact with the muzzle part of the sleeve. The angle between the axis of the cavity and the line connecting the extreme (start and end) points of the above generatrix (β) is 8 ÷ 38 °.

To maximize the positive effect, you can give at least one bullet an elongated shape, deepen the missile equipment into the sleeve relative to the cut of the barrel. The effect also increases when at least 0.8 of the length of the generatrix of the muzzle of the cartridge and / or cavity for holding the cartridge (in the gun) is a straight line (or close to a straight line) or a line concave into the cavity.

It is empirically established that at angles α = 8 ° ÷ 26 ° and β = 8 ° ÷ 38 °:

there is no significant deformation (opening) of the dulc and significant movement of the sleeve inside the gun in the phase of movement of the missile equipment inside the sleeve;

by the moment of separation of the missile equipment from the liner, its material is heated at least 0.13 times the diameter of the bullet due to internal friction caused by unstressed substantial deformation, and thus, the elasticity of the material increases to the extent that minimizes the likelihood of stuck missile equipment inside the cavity of the weapon .

The design of the cartridge and gun is presented in the figure, where:

1 - cartridge case.

2 - propellant charge.

3 - missile equipment (in this case a spherical bullet).

4 - longitudinally sliding pistol shutter.

5 - detail of the gun, forming a cavity, ensuring the retention of the cartridge in position for the shot, in this case the chamber.

L is the length of the muzzle of the sleeve.

α is the angle of the line connecting the extreme points forming the muzzle of the sleeve.

β is the angle of the line connecting the extreme points of the forming portion of the cavity surface (in this case, the ramp chamber), designed to interact with the muzzle part of the sleeve.

The bullet is recessed into the cavity of the sleeve relative to the cut of the muzzle (a special case).

In the cavity of the cartridge case (1), the flange of which is formed by a groove (which characterizes the cartridge as intended for use in pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt), there is a throwing charge (2) and throwing equipment in the form of a bullet (3), mainly spherical, at least partially made of an elastic material, such as rubber. The latter is the dominant sign of traumatic weapons and allows throwing equipment to significantly change and restore their original shape when moving inside the weapon during a shot. A bullet may be two or more.

In turn, the gun has a longitudinally sliding bolt (4) and at least one part (5) that forms a cavity for holding the cartridge when firing.

When the cartridge is fed from the magazine into the cavity of the part (5), a more gentle (in comparison with the prototype) ramp of the muzzle part of the sleeve (1) facilitates the retraction operation. The dulce part of the sleeve (1) has a length of at least L = 0.13D (where D is the diameter of the bullet) and is in contact or located in close proximity to the ramp of the chamber. It should be noted that the smallest boundary value of L is determined by the minimum required deformation of the missile equipment for the purpose of forming ballistic parameters of the shot and increasing the elasticity of bullets by heating the material with internal friction. The greatest boundary value of the length L, in contrast to the angle of inclination of the generatrix, is not essential for achieving the goals of the technical solution and is determined by structural or technological considerations, the main of which are:

the need to ensure the interaction of the cartridges with each other, as well as with the elements of the weapon parts for the purpose (in particular, the muzzle section cannot be longer than the case of the sleeve - otherwise the cartridges will not be fixed in the store);

the possibility of forming a ramp and shell muzzle by cold stamping (typical for the production of cartridges) without the formation of folds and / or cracks;

quantity, geometric parameters, as well as the position of bullets placed in the cartridge.

The angle between the line connecting the start and end point of the generatrix of the outer surface of the barrel, and the axis of the cartridge, is 8 ÷ 26 °. The corresponding angle between the line connecting the extreme points of the forming surface of the chamber, in contact with the slope of the liner, and the axis of the chamber is 8 ÷ 38 °.

In special cases of execution:

at least one bullet has an elongated shape;

throwing equipment (3) is deepened into the cavity of the sleeve relative to the cut of the barrel of the sleeve (1);

not less than 0.8 lengths of the surface of the muzzle part and / or the corresponding surface of the pistol cavity intended for interaction with the muzzle part of the cartridge, is a straight (or close to straight) line or a line concave in the direction of the axis of the cartridge or cavity intended for it retention.

When fired, the powder gases generated from the combustion of the propellant charge (2) begin to move the missile equipment (3) inside the sleeve (1). In turn, the dulce part of the sleeve (1) under the influence of the missile equipment (3) is pressed against the corresponding surface of the cavity of the part (5). Due to the shape of the slope of the muzzle of the sleeve and the slope of the cavity of the part (5), within the declared limits, the radial component of their reactive force acting on the bullet (s) (3), in contrast to the prototype, significantly exceeds the axial component. Therefore, the missile equipment begins to deform unstressed in the radial direction. The internal friction of the bullet material (3) during heating causes its body to warm up and a corresponding increase in plasticity, which further facilitates the deformation of the missile equipment after leaving the sleeve (1). At the same time, the set of parameters necessary to obtain a positive effect includes the minimum length of the tapering muzzle (defining the zone and the minimum required duration of the process of deformation of the missile equipment), which, as experiments show, should be at least 0.13 bullet diameter.

When the shape of the muzzle part of the sleeve (1) and the surface of the cavity of the component (5) of the gun contacting it, corresponding to the angles of the lines connecting the extreme points of the generators, is less than 8 °, as a rule, the necessary resistance to the movement of the elastically deformable bullet in the initial stage of gunpowder burning is not provided, which leads to a significant decrease in the pressure of the powder gases. In experimental firing, this was manifested by incomplete combustion of gunpowder and sluggish and / or incomplete recoil of the bolt, accompanied by characteristic delays (non-retrieval and seizure of cartridges, omissions of supply of cartridges and their sticking in the stump of the barrel). In particular, the frequency of delays during experimental shooting from a traumatic pistol of 10 × 32 Leader caliber (manufactured by the Vyatka-Polyansky Machine-Building Plant Molot) increased from 1.0% to 5.0% when the angle α was changed from 8 ° to 7 ° , from a pistol of a caliber 10 × 22 "Steel" (Turkey) - from 1.0% to 12.0%, from a pistol of a caliber 10 × 22 "Walter P99" (Germany) - from 0.5% to 15.5%. Before firing, weapons and ammunition were kept at a temperature of about 25 ° C.

When firing cartridges aged at a temperature of about -25 ° C, when changing the angle α from 26 ° to 29 ° and the presence of powders (particles of unburned gunpowder) in the chamber, which is typical for low temperatures, the following results occurred.

From the Leader pistols - jamming of bullets appeared in the bullet inlet of the chamber with a frequency of about 10.0% and fissures of shells along the barrel and body - with a frequency of 24.0%, while both pistols used in the experiment failed due to destruction guide sleeve.

From the "Steel" pistols - jamming of bullets in the pool entrance was also obtained. Their frequency was 2.5%. In all cases of jams, shutter travel stops are deformed.

When firing from a Walter P99 pistol from 9 shots, two bullet jams were received in the pool entrance. In the second case, the shutter received a transverse gap and the tests were stopped.

In turn, at a temperature of 25 ° C and -25 ° C at α = 15 °, the Steel and Walter P99 pistols functioned almost without delay.

It should be noted that, according to the practice of designing small arms, the angle β must correspond to the angle α with sufficient accuracy for practice. However, experiments show that in some cases β can be more than α. For example, when firing cartridges on the basis of a 10 × 22 cartridge case with L = 0.13D and α = 26 ° from a Walter P99 pistol with β = 30 ° and β = 38 °, there were no delays. This is explained as follows.

The steeper generatrix of the chamber surface shifts the area of its contact with the muzzle part of the cartridge closer to the cut of the sleeve, i.e. to the zone where during the shot in the system "bullet-liner-chamber" there are the largest components of active and reactive forces. In addition, such a technical solution creates an enclosed space of a certain volume between the surfaces of the muzzle part of the sleeve and the chamber, without depriving them of mutual contact. Firstly, in this gap, without any negative consequences, elements of unburned gunpowder or bullet particles are placed that can remain from the previous shot. Secondly, such a relative position of the generators of the muzzle of the cartridge case and the corresponding surface of the chamber under conditions when the longitudinally sliding pistol bolt rests on the cartridge case (which is preferable for weapons using lightweight elastic deformable bullets), and not on the stump of the barrel (the latter is typical for classical firearms ), allows the sleeve to spring, i.e. change your length. This can significantly reduce the likelihood of jamming bullets when using cartridges with shells in the lower part of the tolerance length.

The beneficial effect is maximized when:

missile equipment (3) consists of at least two bullets arranged in series;

at least one bullet is elongated;

throwing equipment (3) is recessed into the sleeve (1) relative to the cut of the barrel, in particular, if the center of mass of the bullet (upper bullet) is at the level of the beginning of the roll of the barrel.

These additions make it possible to increase the work of powder gases by deforming missile equipment, and therefore, increase the temperature of its material (actually plasticity) by the time it leaves the sleeve.

It is beneficial to the process of deformation of the missile equipment and the formation of the ballistic parameters of the shot by approaching a straight line or by concavity into the cavity of the slope of the cartridge case and, accordingly, the chamber slope, since this increases the degree of deformation of the missile equipment in the initial section of the bullet (s) movement (3) and the uniformity of the deformation of the bullet’s body in time (taking into account the increase in its speed when moving inside the barrel). The limitation of the straight or concave sections to a value of 0.8 of the length of the generators is due to the fact that in the manufacture of surfaces at their borders transition zones inevitably appear, the shape of which is difficult to control by the process.

Information sources

1. Description of the invention to patent RU 2179700.

2. Description of the invention to patent RU 2172460.

3. 9-mm PA cartridge with a rubber bullet, TU 7272-042-13052820-03, manufactured by the company TEKHKRIM (Izhevsk, Golyansky pos., 8); Kalashnikov. Weapons, ammunition, equipment, magazine 3/2004, p. 67.

4. Walther P22T pistol manufactured by the Umarex concern (Germany), distributed by Umareks-M (Moscow, Bersenyevskaya nab., 20/2).

Claims (7)

1. A traumatic cartridge for a pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt, containing a sleeve, the flange of which is formed by a groove, a propelling charge and at least one bullet made in whole or in part made of elastic material, the muzzle part of the sleeve being made narrower and has a length of at least 0.13 the diameter of the bullet, characterized in that the angle between the line connecting the extreme points forming the outer surface of the muzzle and the axis of the cartridge is 8-26 °. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one bullet is made of an elongated shape. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 0.8 generatrix of the muzzle of the sleeve is in the form of a straight line or close to a straight line or a line concave into the cavity of the sleeve. 4. The cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one bullet is recessed inside the sleeve relative to the cut of the barrel. 5. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that rubber is used as the elastic material of the bullet. 6. A pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt for the use of a traumatic cartridge, comprising a device with a cavity for holding the cartridge during the shot with at least one bullet made in whole or in part made of elastic material, characterized in that a portion of the cavity of the said device is intended for the perception of the pressure of the bullet through the walls of the cartridge case, is made such that the angle between the axis of the cavity for holding the cartridge and the line connecting the extreme points of the forming surface This cavity portion is 8-38 °. 7. The gun according to claim 6, characterized in that at least 0.8 generators has the form of a straight line or close to a straight line or a line concave into the cavity of the aforementioned device.