RU58685U1 - TRAUMATIC CARTRIDGE FOR GUNS WITH A LONGITUDINAL SLIDING SHUTTER AND A GUN WITH A LONGITUDINAL SLIDING SHUTTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed applies respectively to ammunition and weapons for their use, namely to cartridges for pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, and also to pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, which are intended mainly for the immobilization of offenders by non-fatal mechanical damage.

The main difference between a cartridge containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and traumatic propelled equipment, at least partially made of elastic material, such as rubber, and a pistol, designed for the use of this cartridge, from existing ones consists in the form of a tapering cartridge case and the corresponding shape of the chamber cavity section. These surfaces are made in such a way that the angle between the axis of the cartridge (chamber) and the line connecting the extreme points of the generatrix is 8 ° ÷ 26 ° for the slope of the sleeve and 8 ° ÷ 38 ° for the slope of the chamber.

In special cases of execution:

throwing equipment deepened into the sleeve relative to the cut dulce;

forming the ramp of the sleeve and the ramp of the chamber are a straight line or concave in the direction of the axis of the cartridge (chamber) line;

The technical solution expands the arsenal of means of active self-defense of non-lethal action and, in combination of its properties, provides a more reliable and safe functioning of the weapon.

Description

The claimed applies respectively to ammunition and weapons for their use, namely to cartridges for pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, and also to pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, which are intended mainly for the immobilization of offenders by non-fatal mechanical damage.

The prior art cartridges for traumatic weapons, including a sleeve and missile gear, partially made of elastic-deformable (elastic) material, in this case rubber [1]. The dulce part of the sleeve does not have a constriction, in connection with which a special device (gas generator) is additionally provided, which is necessary for the non-removability of the missile equipment and for providing ballistic parameters for the shot. The presence of an additional device determines the complexity of these cartridges. In addition, the absence of narrowing of the muzzle and the presence of the edge of the sleeve flange are typical for use only in non-automatic hand weapons, which have a very limited distribution, which, as a result, is a gun for firing these cartridges [2].

The prior art also known cartridge, the closest to the claimed technical solution for the totality of design features, which is selected as a prototype [3]. It contains a sleeve with a tapering dulce and with a flange part formed by a groove characteristic of semi-automatic pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge, and missile equipment in the form of a spherical rubber bullet. According to the results of measurements of field samples, the length of the muzzle is more than 0.13 of the diameter of the bullet, and the angle between the line connecting the extreme (initial and final) points of the outer surface of the muzzle and the axis of the cartridge is more than 29 ° (actually from 29.5 ° to 45 ° for various samples).

The prior art also known for a gun designed to use traumatic cartridges with a rubber bullet and with a flange,

formed groove, selected as a prototype [3]. The sample is semi-automatic, therefore, it has a longitudinally sliding shutter, characteristic of a hand-held self-loading weapon, and a part forming a cavity to keep the cartridge ready to fire, in this case the chamber. The portion of the surface of the cavity, designed to absorb the pressure of the bullet during its movement inside the sleeve, is actually a geometric figure formed by rotating a straight line around the axis of the cavity at an angle of 45 °.

It should be noted that pistol cartridges with bullets made of elastic light material and the actual pistols intended for the use of these cartridges are not widely represented in the arsenal of non-lethal (traumatic) means. In addition, the disadvantage of analogues is the non-optimal geometrical parameters of the muzzle of the cartridge case and the corresponding surface of the chamber, which leads not only to difficulties in designing the weapon parts providing the cartridge in the firing position, but also to jammed missile equipment (namely rubber bullets) in the bullet the inlet or bore, especially at negative air temperatures.

The latter occurs because the steep ramps of the muzzle and the chamber do not contribute to the gradual radial deformation of the missile equipment, causing excessive axial resistance to the movement of the bullet. Under its influence, the walls of the muzzle in the initial phase of the shot are actually repelled from the corresponding surfaces of the chamber and are pulled back from the gap between the missile equipment and the chamber surface. The influence of negative factors is maximized when the elasticity of bullets is lost, which is a consequence of a decrease in ambient temperature, in particular in winter.

With this development of the process, the missile equipment does not receive proper forward movement and almost all of the energy of the shot is utilized at the prohibitive recoil speed of the longitudinally sliding shutter, which can lead not only to an unrecoverable delay or breakdown of the gun, but also poses a serious danger to the shooter. Adverse events are exacerbated by the small mass of moving parts of the pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt, characteristic of weapons that use cartridges with light traumatic equipment.

With acts of self-defense, situations are more common than others when it is advisable to immobilize the offender, and not cause him death. Therefore, the main task that the technical solution is aimed at is expanding the arsenal of non-lethal active defense means, namely, creating a pistol cartridge with elastically deformable throwing equipment and a semi-automatic (as the most acceptable and popular) pistol for its use. Other objectives stated are:

optimization of the parameters of the shot with an elastic, in a particular case, rubber bullet (s) at a negative ambient temperature and reducing the likelihood of bullets getting stuck in a pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt;

reduction in the probability of cartridge sticking (in a semi-automatic pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt) when it is fed from the reloading line to the ready-to-fire position, for example, into the chamber, especially in conditions of a large difference in shutter recoil speeds characteristic of unstable inter-ballistic parameters of a shot with light pressure control -deformable equipment.

These goals are achieved by optimizing the geometry of the barrel in a cartridge containing a propelling charge and missile equipment in the form of bullets (bullets), a cavity or partially made of elastic material (for example, rubber) placed in a sleeve with a flange formed by a groove , with a tapering (compressed) dulce with a length of more than 0.13 bullet diameter.

The cartridge differs from the prototype by the position of the forming surface of the barrel, namely, the angle between the axis of the cartridge and the line connecting the extreme (initial and final) points of the generator is 8 ° ÷ 26 °. To achieve goals when firing these cartridges, it is proposed to use a pistol with a longitudinally sliding shutter, which includes a part or parts forming a cavity to hold the cartridge in position for a shot. Accordingly, the gun differs from the prototype in the position of the generatrix of the cavity surface, designed to absorb the pressure of the bullet when it moves inside the muzzle of the sleeve. The angle between the axis of the cavity

and the line connecting the extreme (start and end) points of the above generatrix is 8 ° ÷ 38 °.

To maximize the positive effect, you can give the bullet (s) an elongated shape, deepen the bullet (upper bullet) into the sleeve relative to the cut dultsa. The effect also increases when at least 0.8 of the length of the generatrix of the muzzle of the cartridge and / or cavity for holding the cartridge (in the gun) is a straight line (or close to a straight line), or a line concave into the cavity.

The position of the walls of the muzzle part of the sleeve and the surfaces of the cavity of the gun in contact with the muzzle, designed to hold the cartridge when firing, are experimentally selected in such a way that:

there is no significant deformation (opening) of the dulc and significant movement of the sleeve inside the gun in the phase of movement of the missile equipment inside the sleeve;

by the moment of separation of the missile equipment from the sleeve, its material is heated due to internal friction caused by shockless significant deformation, and thus, the elasticity of the material increases to the extent that minimizes the likelihood of jamming of the missile equipment inside the cavities of the weapon.

The design of the cartridge and gun is presented in the figure, where:

1 - cartridge case.

2 - propellant charge.

3 - missile equipment (in this case, a round bullet).

4 - longitudinally sliding pistol shutter.

5 - detail of the gun, forming a cavity ensuring the retention of the cartridge in position for the shot, in this case the chamber.

L is the length of the muzzle of the sleeve.

The bullet is recessed into the cavity of the sleeve relative to the cut of the muzzle (a special case).

In the cavity of the cartridge case (1), the flange of which is formed by a groove (which characterizes the cartridge as intended for use in pistols with a longitudinally sliding bolt), there is a throwing charge (2) and throwing equipment in the form of a bullet (3).

at least partially made of an elastic material, such as rubber. The latter is the dominant sign of traumatic weapons and allows throwing equipment to significantly change and restore its original shape. A bullet may be two or more.

In turn, the gun has a longitudinally sliding bolt (4) and part (5), forming a cavity for holding the cartridge when firing.

When feeding the cartridge from the magazine into the cavity of the part (5), a more gentle (in comparison with the prototype) ramp of the sleeve (1) facilitates the retraction operation. Dulce sleeve (1) has a length L = 0.13 D (where D is the diameter of the bullet) and is in contact or located in close proximity to the ramp chamber. The angle between the line connecting the start and end point of the generatrix of the outer surface of the barrel and the axis of the cartridge is 8 ° ÷ 26 °. The corresponding angle between the line connecting the extreme points of the forming surface of the chamber in contact with the ramp of the sleeve and the axis of the chamber is 8 * -38 ^* .

In special cases of execution:

each of the bullets may have an elongated shape;

throwing equipment (3) is deepened into the cavity of the sleeve relative to the cut of the barrel of the sleeve (1);

not less than 0.8 lengths of the surface of the barrel and / or the surface of the cavity of the gun, designed to absorb the pressure transmitted from the bullet through the wall of the barrel, is a straight line or close to a straight line, or a line concave in the direction of the axis of the cartridge or cavity, designed to his retention.

When fired, the powder gases generated from the combustion of the propellant charge (2) begin to move the missile equipment (3) inside the sleeve (1). In turn, the dulce part of the sleeve (1) is pressed against the corresponding surface of the cavity of the part (5). Due to the shape of the slope of the muzzle of the sleeve and the slope of the cavity of the part (5) within the stated limits, the radial component of their reactive force acting on the bullet (s) (3), in contrast to the prototype, significantly exceeds the axial component. Therefore, the missile equipment begins to deform unsteadily in the radial direction. The internal friction of the bullet material (3) during heating causes its body to warm up and a corresponding increase in plasticity, which further facilitates the deformation of the missile equipment after leaving the sleeve (1). Moreover, the totality of parameters required for

to obtain a positive effect, the minimum length of the tapering muzzle is included (which determines the zone and duration of the process of deformation of the missile equipment), which should be at least 0.13 bullet diameters.

When the shape of the muzzle part of the sleeve (1) and the surface of the cavity of the part (5) of the gun contacting it, corresponding to the corners of the lines connecting the extreme points of the generators, is less than 8 °, the necessary resistance to the movement of the bullet in the initial stage of burning of the powder is not provided, which leads to a significant decrease in pressure powder gases. At an angle of more than 260 for the cartridge and more than 38 ° for the gun under conditions of their cooling to a temperature of -20 ° C-30 ° C, there were jams of throwing equipment from rubber in the pool entrance.

It is desirable that the corresponding indicators characterizing the shape of the barrel of the cartridge case (1) and the cavity of the part (5) of the gun are approximately equal, or the angle for the ramp chamber is more than that of the cartridge ramp, since in this case, the edge of the muzzle relies reliably on the surface of the chamber chamber. In particular, if the angle for the cartridge is 26 °, then for the gun intended for its use, the angle may be in the range of 25 ° -38 °.

The beneficial effect is maximized when:

missile equipment (3) consists of at least two bullets arranged in series;

each bullet has an elongated shape;

throwing equipment (3) is recessed into the sleeve (1) relative to the cut of the barrel, in particular, if the center of mass of the bullet (upper bullet) is at the level of the beginning of the roll of the barrel.

These additions make it possible to increase the work of powder gases by deforming a bullet, and, consequently, to increase the temperature of its material (in fact, ductility at the moment of leaving the sleeve).

It is beneficial to the process of deformation of the missile equipment and the formation of ballistic parameters of the shot when approaching a straight line, or concavity into the cavity of the slope of the cartridge shell and, accordingly, the chamber slope, because this increases the degree of deformation of the missile equipment in the initial section of the bullet (s) movement (3) and the uniformity of the deformation of the bullet’s body in time (taking into account the increase in its speed when moving inside the barrel). Limitation

direct or concave sections up to a value of 0.8 of the length of the generators is due to the fact that in the manufacture of surfaces on their borders inevitably appear transitional zones, the shape of which is difficult to control the process.

Information sources

1. Description of the invention to patent RU 2179700

2. Description of the invention to patent RU 2172460

3. 9-mm PA cartridge with a rubber bullet, TU 7272-042-13052820-03, manufactured by the TEKHKRIM company (Izhevsk, Golyanskiy settlement, 8); Kalashnikov. Weapons, ammunition, equipment, magazine 3/2004, p. 67

4. Walther P22T pistol manufactured by the Umarex concern (Germany), distributed by Umareks-M (Moscow, Bersenyevskaya nab., 20/2)

Claims (6)

1. A small arms cartridge containing a sleeve, the flange of which is formed by a groove, propelling charge and missile equipment in the form of at least one bullet, fully or partially made of elastic material, and the muzzle part of the sleeve, designed to deform the missile equipment during the shot, is made tapering and has a length of not less than 0.13 bullet diameters, characterized in that the angle between the line connecting the extreme points forming the outer surface of the muzzle part and the axis of the cartridge is 8 ÷ 26 °. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one bullet has an elongated shape. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 0.8 generatrix of the muzzle is a straight line, or a line concave into the cavity of the sleeve. 4. The cartridge according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the missile equipment is recessed into the sleeve relative to the cut of the barrel. 5. A pistol with a longitudinally sliding bolt, which provides for the use of a cartridge with at least one bullet, fully or partially made of elastic material, including a device with a cavity for holding the cartridge during the shot, characterized in that the portion of the cavity designed to interact with the muzzle part of the sleeve , has such a shape that the angle between the axis of the cavity and the line connecting the extreme points of the forming surface of this section of the cavity is 8 ÷ 38 °. 6. The gun according to claim 5, characterized in that at least 0.8 generators is a straight line or a line concave into the cavity, designed to hold the cartridge during the shot.