RU2382977C2 - Device to shoot elastically deformable bullets (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to firearms intended for self-defense and representing a nonlethal weapon. Proposed gun allows using bullets made, partially or completely, from elastic material and comprises appliance to hold bullet in shooting position and cartridge chamber to receive said bullet. Note here that at least one channel fragment, given outlet hole displaced, continuously or intermittently increases with respect to maximum cross section area of barrel bore up to specified section.

EFFECT: ruling out using unauthorised bullets.

14 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hand weapons and is intended to be used mainly as a civilian self-defense weapon of non-lethal (non-fatal traumatic) action.

A device in the form of a pistol [1], used as a civilian weapon of self-defense. The device includes an element for holding the missile equipment in the firing position (in this case, the cartridge holder). This analogue provides the use of bullet munitions, including those equipped with a striking element with a low degree of elastic deformation, i.e. solid bullet. If the damaging element, which does not have sufficient elasticity, gets into certain parts of the human body, for example, into the head, it can lead to serious injury and even death, which is not desirable for the act of using civilian self-defense weapons. This drawback is compounded by the fact that the release of missile equipment beyond the arms is carried out directly from the cartridge case, which in this case acts as a barrel. Such a technical solution does not prohibit an increase in the lethal action of a weapon by finalizing a standard one or making a homemade cartridge without the formation of irreversible marks on the device, by which it is possible to establish the fact of unauthorized interference in the design. The above circumstances allow the use of such a sample for criminal purposes.

Also known is a device in the form of a gun [2], selected as a prototype, including a device for holding projectile equipment in position for a shot (in this case, a chamber) and a cavity with an opening for firing projectile equipment outside the weapon. The device provides the use of cartridges with an elastically deformable (elastic) bullet.

One of the main criminalistic requirements for the constructive execution of civilian short-barreled weapons is the inability to fire an unauthorized throwable equipment charged from the chamber. Therefore, the prototype has a special device that makes it difficult to shoot metal, in particular lead, bullets. However, this device, which uses the principle of significant deformation of missile equipment in almost all phases of its movement along the barrel, slows down the damaging elements, significantly reducing the efficiency of the firing device as a heat engine, which is the main disadvantage of the prototype. Another disadvantage is that in the manufacture of such weapons, as a rule, additional technological operations are required to perform protrusions on the inner surface of the cavity. In particular, deep protrusions made by extrusion lead to significant local deformations of the metal and, as a consequence, to cracks. In addition, the complex configuration of the cavity complicates not only the manufacture, but the design and refinement of the weapon under the cartridge available in civil circulation in order to obtain a given bullet speed. The latter circumstance is exacerbated when creating firing devices that simulate specific samples of military weapons, i.e. when it is impossible to change the dimensions of its nodes.

With acts of self-defense, situations more often than others occur where it is advisable to temporarily immobilize the offender, and not cause him death. The main task flowing from here, the solution of which is aimed at a technical solution, is to expand the arsenal of means of active self-defense of non-lethal action. The second task is to increase the energy utilization of the shot by elastically deformable bullets made of elastic material. The third task is to simplify the design of hand weapons designed for firing with elastically deformable bullets. And, finally, an auxiliary task is to facilitate the ability to provide the specified energy parameters for a shot by an elastically deformable bullet in order to limit its impact on a bioobject.

Structurally, a device designed to use a cartridge with a bullet fully or partially made of elastic material (e.g. rubber) includes a device for holding the cartridge in the firing position (e.g., a cartridge chamber or cartridge holder) and a device (part or parts) with a cavity, in which an elastically deformable bullet moves (in particular, a barrel or drum channel). The claimed differs from the prototype in that the cavity in any fragment has an increasing cross section between surfaces intended for contact with an elastically deformable bullet. Moreover, the increase in the cross-sectional area of the cavity is relative to the maximum cross-sectional area, which takes place from the pool entrance to the fragment under consideration.

In detailed versions of the technical solution, the cavity walls (excluding local protrusions and / or recesses) are a cone, a curved (curved or concave) surface, a cascade (series connection) of surfaces of various geometric bodies in any combination adjoining to each other with or without ledges . Moreover, the geometrical parameters of the cavity are empirically optimal such that, when approximating its inner surface by the surface of the cone, the generatrix of the cavity makes an angle of no more than 15 ° with the axis of the cone. For auxiliary effects in the walls of the channel can be made protrusions, recesses or through holes. These additional structural elements are used to advance powder gases from the rear bullet of the tandem projectile equipment and / or to prevent the unauthorized use of weapons.

The causal relationship between the essential features and the achieved technical result is explained as follows.

In civilian self-defense firearms, which citizens are allowed to own, rubber (plastic) throwing elements are mainly used for non-lethal immobilizing effects on the offender. Such samples, in accordance with forensic requirements, should not allow the possibility of firing a metal bullet loaded from the muzzle or the chamber side, and therefore have special devices in the form of protrusions that maximize deformation of the damaging elements in different directions relative to the axis of the barrel. This method of blocking missile equipment through barriers is not only energy-intensive, but also often leads to disruption of bullet integrity.

In the proposed design, unlike analogues and prototype:

minimization or complete absence of frontal obstacles in the cavity for the exit of missile equipment is allowed, which allows not only to simplify the manufacture of the device, but also to preserve the integrity of the striking element, reduce parasitic deformation of bullets, eliminate “frontal impacts”, which, in addition to braking bullets, lead to pressure surges powder gases;

the cross-sectional area of an elastically deformed bullet increases as it moves along the cavity, and therefore, the force of the powder gases acting on it;

the friction between the surface of the bullet and the cavity is significantly reduced, and, as a result, not only the inhibition of the bullet, but also the rubberization of the walls of the cavity;

the resulting reactive force of the cavity walls in the area after forcing is not perpendicular to the velocity vector of the bullets, but has a component aimed at accelerating the missile equipment, i.e. part of the energy accumulated in the elasticity of the bullet (in the forcing section) passes into the useful kinetic energy of the shot (the jet engine nozzle acts in the same way with respect to the gas stream);

it becomes possible, choosing the lengths of the sections and the cross-sectional area of the cavity, to bring the departure speed of the elastically deformable bullet to the required value, while maintaining low energy parameters and low aiming of an unauthorized shot by a metal bullet due to the natural formation of gaps.

Since the speed of movement of fragments of the body of the elastic bullet under the action of elastic forces is finite, there is a certain angle of the generators of the expanding cavity, at which the surface of the damaging element does not come off the channel walls, some interference and optimal reaction of the cavity surfaces are preserved. Experimental shooting with rubber bullets (with ballistic parameters characteristic of a traumatic weapon in circulation) shows that with a generatrix angle of more than 15 ° the maximum positive effect is achieved.

The claimed scheme is useful in the case of using a cartridge with a tandem of two bullets. This is explained by the fact that at a certain point in time the deformation of the head bullet, and therefore, the resistance to its movement, is less than the similar indicators of the second element. Thus, the contact stress in the tandem is reduced, and consequently, the mutual negative influence of bullets. In addition, the recesses in the walls of the cavity or between the longitudinal protrusions, declared as private executions of the technical solution, allow powder gases to penetrate the inter-bullet space and further weaken the contact between the two bullets. Since the presence of elements protruding into the cavity so that frontal (with respect to the bullet velocity vector) surfaces are formed in the claimed design, it is not necessary or they may be smaller in profile, the set of parts forming this cavity is greatly simplified.

The figure 1 shows a device for firing elastically deformable bullets in the form of a gun, where:

1 - a device with a cavity to hold the cartridge in position for the shot, in this case the chamber;

2 - a device with a channel and a hole for the release of propelled equipment beyond the arms, in this case the barrel;

the cross section A of the channel, consisting of a cascade of two cylindrical surfaces, is shown at its beginning (at the border with the pool entrance).

The figure 2 shows a device in the form of a gun, where:

1 - a device with a cavity to hold the cartridge in position for the shot, in this case the chamber;

2 - a device with a channel and a hole for the release of propelled equipment beyond the arms, in this case the barrel;

the channel contains a section in the form of a bell (in particular, a cone) and, in addition, is a combination of two surfaces (conical and cylindrical) arranged in a cascade.

A is the cross section at the beginning of the channel;

B - cross section at the location of the protrusion (a special case of execution).

The figure 3 presents the device in the form of a revolver, where:

1 - a device for holding the cartridge in position for a shot, in this case the chamber;

2 - a device with a cavity and a hole for the exit of the missile equipment beyond the arms, which is a combination of a drum and a barrel;

A is the cross section at the beginning of the channel;

V-G - a line representing the totality of the cascade of channel surfaces;

D-E - forming the surface of the conditional cone, which is the result of the approximation of the line VG;

α is the angle between the generatrix DE and the axis of the conditional cone.

Each of the channel fragments in the drum and the barrel of the revolver represents two cylindrical surfaces arranged in a cascade, and the combined channel, due to the annular protrusion at the entrance to the barrel, has a periodically increasing cross-sectional area.

The figure 4 shows a device in the form of a gun, where:

1 - a device with a cavity to hold the cartridge in position for the shot, in this case the chamber;

2 - a device with a channel and a hole for the release of propelled equipment beyond the arms, in this case the barrel;

the channel is a combination of two cylindrical surfaces arranged in a cascade.

G - cross section at the location of the recess (a special case of execution).

The device firing with elastically deformable (elastic), in particular rubber, bullets in all versions contains a device for holding the cartridge in the firing position (for example, a chamber, a clip or other device holding the walls of the cartridge case from horizontal movement) (1), part or details, forming a cavity with an opening for the release of missile equipment beyond the limits of the weapon (for example, the barrel of the pistol, the combined channel of the drum and barrel of the weapon of a revolving type or other device that performs the function tion of the trunk) (2).

The cross-sectional area of the channel in any section when the section is shifted in the direction of the outlet continuously or periodically increases relative to the maximum cross-sectional area of the channel to the specified fragment. Non-exhaustive examples of solutions are given in the graphic materials. For example, the walls of the cavity at least in one area have the form of two cylindrical surfaces arranged in a cascade (Fig. 1), or a bell (in a more particular case, a truncated cone (Fig. 2)). The forming surface of the channel can have a different shape. Sometimes it requires alternating expanding and contracting portions of the channel, which occurs when designing revolvers, the objective sign of which is the gap between the drum and the barrel, misalignment of the channel elements, which is a consequence of manufacturing tolerances, as well as the gaps between the numerous parts of the drum attaching to the frame. Such a technical solution, which consists in periodically increasing the cross-sectional area and is presented in Fig. 3, can be useful for hindering the firing of unauthorized throwable equipment. Naturally, by moving structurally simple sections of expansion along the channel, changing their shape (in particular, length and / or other geometry) and thereby affecting the ballistic parameters of the shot, it is possible to achieve optimal (from the point of view of the use of non-lethal weapons) bullet energy. In particular, channel broadening shifted toward its outlet is shown in FIG. 4.

When fired, an elastically deformable bullet made of an elastic material, such as rubber, rushes from the position in which it is held before firing (from part 1, for example, the chamber), under pressure from the powder gases, into the cavity (2). Since it is necessary to create resistance to the expansion of powder gases in the projectile space in order to ensure normal conditions for the combustion of gunpowder, the fired bullet moves through the bullet inlet (tapering hole), the minimum diameter of which is much less than the diameter of the bullet (in particular, these parameters can be correlated as 0.65 / 1) . Further, the bullet, moving in a cavity with an increasing clearance, due to its elasticity and high acceleration, in which the rear layers of material act on the front layers, is pressed against the side walls of the channel and repeats their configuration. In the case of an expanding channel, the resulting reactive force of the cavity walls, as supports, significantly reduces friction and, accordingly, the braking of the bullet. In addition, the area of the bullet interacting with the powder gases increases, and consequently, the force acting on their side increases. This circumstance allows to reduce the pressure of the powder gases or to maximize the energy transmitted to the pool.

It is highly desirable immediately after the pool entrance (section A) to have a cylindrical (or close to cylindrical) part of the channel (Fig. 1) in order to avoid the influence of the cone (especially two oncoming cones, as in Fig. 2) on the tolerance of the channel diameter in the region of the pool entrance , since this has a noticeable effect on the spread of bullet speeds. When using the expansion in the form of a bell, for example a cone (figure 2), an increase in the diameter of the moving bullet goes along its walls with the maximum utilization of their reactive force. Due to the finiteness of the rate of deformation of rubber, it is most optimal when the set of curvatures along the channel is such that it forms a surface that is approximated by a cone with a generatrix inclined to the axis at an angle α of up to 15 ° (Fig. 3).

In the case of using a two-bullet cartridge, the head striking element moves under the influence of the second bullet. In this case, the contact force between them, having a negative effect on the accuracy of fire, causing wedging of bullets in the channel, and therefore, rubberizing of the walls less than in the prototype, is inversely related to the angle (α). After the second tandem bullet aligns with the recesses in the cavity (2) shown in Fig. 4, section G, the powder gases through these recesses burst into the inter-bullet space, further weakening the contact between the bullets.

If the missile equipment is made of inelastic material, such as lead, the firing process will look as follows. A metal, in the general case lead, bullet when moving along the channel (2) corresponds to the shape of the bullet entrance, therefore, a gap is formed between it and the walls of the channel, increasing as the bullet moves. This circumstance leads to the discharge of powder gases and a drop in pressure in the back of the room. In turn, deep loading of a caliber bullet from the muzzle is almost impossible due to narrowing of the channel. Unauthorized loading is also hindered by sockets, fractures of the cavity surfaces in the form of ledges, protrusions or recesses.

Literature

1. RF patent No. 2172460.

2. Kalashnikov. Weapons, ammunition, equipment. 2004, No. 3, p. 67.

Claims (14)

1. A device for firing bullets fully or partially made of elastically deformable material, containing a device with a cavity for holding the cartridge made to fire and a part or part with a channel made with the possibility of moving bullets in it when fired, and an exit hole, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of at least one channel fragment when shifted towards the outlet is continuously or periodically increased relative to the maximum channel cross-sectional area to this site. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that rubber is used as an elastically deformable material. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity for holding the cartridge made for the shot is made in the form of a chamber. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the part or parts with the channel are its barrel or drum. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one section of the channel has the shape of a bell. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the channel fragment is a truncated cone, a curved surface or a cascade of surfaces. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the channel or its section is made with increasing cross-section from the condition of approximating the inner surface of the barrel channel or its section with a cone surface, the generatrix of which makes an angle of not more than 15 ° with the axis of the cone. 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the channel has recesses and / or protrusions. 9. A device for firing bullets fully or partially made of an elastically deformable material, comprising a device with a cavity for holding a cartridge made to be fired, and a part or parts with a channel having an exit opening configured to move a bullet therein during firing, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the channel in any section when shifted towards the outlet is increased relative to the maximum cross-sectional area of the channel to the specified section, internal I channel surface, designed to interact with the perimeter of the bullet in this area is a combination of the side surfaces of at least two bodies located in a cascade. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the channel or its section is made with increasing cross-section from the condition of approximating the inner surface of the barrel channel or its section with a cone surface, the generatrix of which makes an angle of not more than 15 ° with the axis of the cone. 11. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that rubber is used as an elastically deformable material. 12. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the cavity for holding propelled equipment made for firing is made in the form of a chamber. 13. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the part or parts with a channel are a barrel or drum. 14. A device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the channel has recesses and / or protrusions.

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